Comprehensive Examination Laboratory

7/20/23, 1:43 PM Comprehensive Examination - Laboratory
Comprehensive Examination -
Laboratory
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* Indicates required question
Choose the BEST answer for each question.
Which of the following is incorrect about gram-negative organisms? *
Pale reddish color after gram staining
No outer lipid membrane
Thin peptidoglycan layer
Bacteria include Enterobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Pseudomonas spp.
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Identify the type of bacteria based on flagellar arrangement. *
Monotrichous
Amphitrichous
Lophotrichous
Peritrichous
What serves as energy source and food reserves for bacteria? *
A. Cytoplasmic granules
B. Inclusion bodies
C. Metachromatic granules
D. AOTA
Characteristics of bacteria: *
I. Prokaryotic
II. Multicellular
III. Having a nucleus
IV. Having pili
A. I, II, III
B. II, III, IV
C. I, III
D. I, IV
I. Sterilization is a process that kills all forms of microbial life, including bacterial
endospores
II. Disinfection is a process that destroys pathogenic organisms,
Statement I is correct while statement II is incorrect.
Statement I is incorrect while statement II is correct.
Both statements are correct.
Both statements are incorrect.
Clear selection
A 4 y.o, Phil-Am female developed a fever, sore throat and unusual irritability. A *
physical examination revealed 15-25 small, gray-white, shallow, ulcerative lesions
along the posterior margin of his soft palate. The pharyngeal walls were
extremely red. There were no lesions on the gum but a few on the anterior part of
the oral cavity. The child was dark complexioned and had no obvious rash.
The lesions found in the child's mouth are called _____
pustules
Koplik's spots
Negri bodies
Byran's spots
pocks
Before smearing, you will sterilize the inoculation loop using:

I. Bunsen burner
II. Alcohol Lamp
III. Bactincinerator
IV. Candle
I, II and III
II, III and IV
III, IV and I
All of the above
None of the above
Clear selection
Match correctly the premises listed. *

CULTURE MEDIA:
Supportive
or General Enrichment Selective Differential Enriched Biochemical
Isolation media media media Media test media
media
Mannitol
Salt agar
Selenite F
TCBS
Which of the following are gram-positive bacteria? *
E. coli
S. saprophyticus
E. faecalis
S. pneumoniae
Purposes of heat fixation:

I. Stain will not look proper
II. Kills microorganism
III. Preserves morphology
IV. Anchors the smear to the slide.
I and IV
II and III
All except IV
All of the above
In preparing a bacterial smear, heating the slide prior to complete air drying will:
Preserve their shape and size
Produce aerosols
Allow the cells to live
Both A and C
Clear selection
Statement 1: The shape of a bacterium is determined by heredity. *

Statement 2: Bacteria are considered as eukaryotes.
Only statement 1 is correct
Only statement 2 is correct
Both statements are correct
Both statements are incorrect
Which of the following agents simultaneously contain both DNA and RNA? *
Bacteria
Viruses
Viroids
Prions
Motile bacteria usually possess flagella but will never possess cilia. *
True
False
Cannot be determined
Largest bacteria *
Streptococcus spp.
Bacillus spp
Staphylococcus spp.
Campylobacter spp.
A group of very small, pleomorphic bacteria without cell walls and previously *
thought to be viruses
Staphylococcus
Spirochetes
Bacillus spp.
Mycoplasma spp.
An 8-y.o, child, who recently emigrated with the family from Mindanao, is taken *
to the emergency department because of a stomach ache that has persisted for
about 24 hours. In fact, the mother indicates that the pain did not lessen even
after the child vomited up two worms (shown in the image) the night before. The
pain is more pronounced in the right upper quadrant region and directly radiates
to the scapular area of the back. Based on these findings, what is the most likely
diagnosis?
Ascariasis with biliary involvement
Disseminated strongyloidiasis
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Intestinal and hepatic amebiasis
Salmonella enterocolitis
Cell walls are absent in all of the following, EXCEPT: *
Animals
Protozoa
Mycoplasma spp
Mycobacteria spp
Match the most likely component of immune response against a Hepatitis B virus *
infection.
Anti- Anti- Anti- Anti-

HBeAg HBcAg HBsAg HBV DNA
HBe HBc HBs HBpol
An IgG
response
necessary for
the
neutralization
of the virus
Early IgM
response to a
viral enzyme
Ag used in
current
recombinant
vaccine
IgG response
not found in
the serum of
chronic
infections
The
infectious
virus
type of
nucleic acid
found to the
capsid of the
infectious
virus
A bacterium that occurs as chains of cocci. *
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Diplococci
Bacilli
Microscope component that gathers and focuses the illumination light onto the *
specimen for viewing.
Illumination
Rheostat
Condenser
Diaphragm
The microscope will not flip and invert an image. *
True
False
Microscope component that produces the secondary image magnification of the *

specimen.
Ocular
Objectives
Rheostat
Field of view
What is the morphologic type of Gaffkya tetragena? *
Cocci
Bacilli
Sarcina
Tetrads
A pregnant 17 y.o, female developed a very faint macular rash over a portion of *
her face, neck and upper back about one month into her pregnancy. The young
woman only noticed a mild fever and symptoms resembling the "flu" along with
some minor stiffness in her hands and knees. Her pregnancy was uneventful
even though she received no prenatal care. the baby was born three weeks earlier
than anticipated. A few days after delivery, it become apparent that the newborn
did not respond to sound.
Congenital infection occurs as a result of
viral toxins crossing the placenta
viral toxins impairing maternal nourishment of the fetus
transplacental spread of virus and growth in the fetus
autoimmune response of maternal cells against fetal issues
autoimmune response of fetus against maternal antigen
An 18 y.o, female had an episode of mild infection. Approx. six days later, she *
developed severe headaches, vomiting and fever. Neurologically, she was
oriented and normal, except for a sight degree of nuchal rigidity. A spinal tap
revealed CSF high in cell count and protein level. Bacteriologic culture of the CSF
resulted in no growth. The physician's report indicated aseptic meningitis.
Infection of this type _____
usually self-resolve
require drastic antiviral chemotherapy
usually progress into fatal illness
recur as latent infections
appear genetically linked
A 35 y.o, woman suffering from Acute lymphocytic leukemia and undergoing *

chemotherapy suddenly developed small vesicular eruptions across her left
breast. The eruptions were asynchronous, painful and lasted 6 days before
clearing. The affected are developed small vesicles which progressed to
ulcerated and crusted pustules. She had a similar occurrence last year.
The appearance of localized skin lesions over a specific dermatome is

characteristic of
chickenpox
shingles
generalized herpes simplex
measles
rickettsialpox
smallpox
rabies virus
How do prokaryotes reproduce? *
Meiosis
Mitosis
Binary fission
Sexual reproduction
The main constituent of most bacterial cell walls, it is a complex macromolecular *

polymer consisting of many polysaccharide chains linked together by small
peptide chains.
Peptidoglycan
Murein
Cell membrane
Both A and B
Who stressed the importance of lenses for studying small object?
da Vinci
Conrad Gesber
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Zacharias Janssen
Clear selection
Alcohol should be kept away from the periphery of the

lenses, because alcohol can dissolve the cement and seep into the back side of the
lens.
True
False
Clear selection
Organelles of locomotion, _____ are long, thin, whip-like structures while ______ are *
shorter, more hair-like, thinner and more numerous.
pili, fimbriae
fimbriae, pili
cilia, flagella
flagella, cilia
I. Heat fixation is a more satisfactory fixation technique

II. Methanol uses 70% ethyl alchohol
Statement I is correct while statement II is incorrect.
Statement I is incorrect while statement II is correct.
Both statements are correct.
Both statements are incorrect.
Clear selection
This refers to the capacity of the microscope to distinguish small gaps between *
two separate point which human cannot distinguish:
Resolution
Magnification
Birefringent
Contrast
Two basic kinds of microscope: *

I. Simple microscope
II. Mechanical microscope
III. Light microscope
IV. Electron microscope
I only
III only
I and III only
III and IV only
IV only
What is the cell shape of Bacillus? *
spiral-like
spherical
rod-shape
bent-rod shape
Statement I: In general, the purpose of fixation is to let organisms grow and *

preserve their morphology.
Statement II: Another purpose of fixation is to anchor the smear to the slide.
Statement I is correct, statement II is incorrect
Statement I is incorrect, statement II is correct
Microscope component that regulates the angle of light presented to the *

specimen:
Aperture diaphragm
Condenser
Field diaphragm
Rheostat
Gram-negative bacteria cell wall contains *
Techoic acid
Lipopolysaccharide
Mycolic acid
Lipotechoic acid
Statement 1: Smears from swabs are prepared by rolling the swab back and forth
over continuous areas of the glass to deposit a thick layer of sample material
Statement 2: The swab should be rubbed back and forth across the slide
Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is false
Statement 1 is false; Statement 2 true
Both statements are true
Both statements are false
Clear selection
A preparation from clinical material suspended in sterile saline or other liquids

medium on a _______ and covered with a coverslip; used for microscopic
examination to detect microorganisms in clinical material and, in particular, to
detect motility directly
Microscope
Stage
Glass Slide
Mounting Block
Clear selection
What is the purpose of fixation in smear preparation?
It keeps cells from drying out during staining.
It enables cells to take up more stain.
It attaches cells firmly to the slide's surface.
It temporarily keeps cells from growing.
Clear selection
Methods of sterilization:
I. Incineration
II. Moist Heat
III. Dry heat
IV. Filtration
V. Chemicals
I, II, IV and V
II, III, IV and V
I, III and V
III, IV and V
All of the above
None of the above
Clear selection
Which of the following conveys the variations in structural makeup between *

gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer, whereas gram negative

bacteria have a thin layer
Gram-positive bacteria have an outer lipid-rich membrane, whereas gram negative

bacteria do not.
Gram-positive bacteria form a sex pilus that mediates conjugation, whereas gram-
negative bacteria do not
Gram-positive bacteria have plasmids, whereas gram-negative bacteria do not
Gram-positive bacteria have capsules, whereas gram-negative bacteria do not.
Morphologic type of Campylobacter spp. *
Cocci
Bacilli
Spirochete
Spirillum
Most crucial part of any staining method *
Primary staining
Mordant
Decolorization
Counterstaining
Statement I: Plasmid, a cytoplasmic organelle, is the site of photosynthesis found *

only in certain eukaryotic cells.
Statement II: A plasmid is a small, circular molecule of double-stranded DNA.
This part moves the body tube and low power lenses closer or farther away from *
the stage to view the image of the specimen:
coarse adjustment knob
fine adjustment knob
inclination joint
field diaphragm
Facilitates the transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell to another. *
Pili
Sex pilus
Fimbriae
Flagella
Match correctly the premises listed. *
cocci n
cocci in cocci bacilli
in coccobacilli spirochetes spirillum o
clusters in pairs in pairs
chain c
Treponema
pallidum
Staphylococcus
aureus
Streptococcus
dysagalactiae
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
Escherichia coli
Leptospira
interrogans
Spirillum minus
Micrococcus
luteus
Streptococcus
pneumonia
Vibrio cholera
Klebsiella
pneumonia
Staphylococcus
epidermidis
Enterococcus
faecalis
Streptococcus
pyogenes
Streptococcus
pyogenes
Chlamydia
trachomatis
Chlamydia
trachomatis
Colonies produced by encapsulated bacteria on nutrient agar that are smooth, *

mucoid, and glistening.
Q-colonies
R-colonies
S-colonies
T-colonies
Correct order of bacterial smear preparation:

I. Sterilize > Get subculture > Smear > Air dry > Heat Fix
II. Get subculture > Smear > Sterilize > Heat fix > Air dry
III. Get subculture > Heat fix > Air dry > Smear > Sterilize
III. Heat fix > Air dry > Smear > Get subculture > Sterilize
II
III
IV
Clear selection
A true nucleus consists of the following, EXCEPT: *
Nucleoplasm
Chromosomes
Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane
Magnification used in viewing gram-stained slide
4x
10x
40x
100x
Clear selection
Who constructed the compound microscope?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Galileo
Robert Hooke
Zacharias Janssen
Clear selection
Genera of bacteria that are capable of forming endospores as a means of survival *

when their moisture or nutrient supply is low.
Brucella and Clostridium
Bacillus and Clostridium
Bacillus and Corynebacterium
Brucella and Corynebacterium
A nanometer (nm) equals 0.00000001 m (10^-9 m).
True
False
Clear selection
Microscope component which produces the primary image magnification of the *

specimen.
Ocular
Objectives
Rheostat
Field of view
The higher the objective, the less of an object you can see.
True
False
Clear selection
Statement I: A capsule is a type of glycocalyx that is highly organized and firmly *

attached to the cell wall.
Statement II: Capsules can be detected using a staining procedure called positive
stain, in which the bacterial cell and background becomes stained but the capsule
remains unstained.
Usual length of the glass slide for bacterial smear preparation
3in x1in
75mm x 25mm
5in x 2in
3in x 2in
both A and B
Clear selection
Which phenotypic criteria refer to profiling microorganisms by various serologic *

and immunologic methods?
Resistant profiles
Nucleic acid base sequences
Macroscopic analysis
Antigenic properties
Antibody properties
Microscopic analysis
Cork-screw shaped forms of bacteria are *
Bacilli
Cocci
Spirochetes
Actinomyces
Primary stain Decolorizer Counterstain Mordant
Acetone alcohol
Gram's iodine
Safranin
Crystal violet
What is used to bring the specimen into sharp focus to show clearly the detailed *
parts of the specimen?
fine adjustment knob
coarse adjustment knob
inclination joint
field of diaphragm
By passing the smear over a Bunsen burner flame, what procedure is often
accomplished?
Frying
cold fixation
heating
heat fixation
Clear selection
Process of enlarging or magnifying an object’s size without affecting its actual or *

physical size:
Magnification
Resolution
Illumination
Widening
The two most common methods of fixation are:

I. Heat fixation
II. Ethanol fixation
III. Methanol fixation
IV. Cold fixation
I and II
II and III
III and IV
I and III
Clear selection
Microscope component that controls/regulates the diameter of light beams that *

strike the specimen and hence reduces stray light.
Aperture diaphragm
Condenser
Rheostat
Field diaphragm
What is the optimum pH level that promotes bacterial growth? *
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
What do you call a bacteria that is spherical and usually occurs in clusters? *
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Tetracocci
Diplococci
Crystal violet is a water soluble dye which enters the peptidoglycan layer in *
bacterial cell wall.
True
False
When using the high power, use only the fine adjustment knob. *
True
False
Thickness of glass slide for bacterial smear preparation
1 cm
2 cm
3 cm
4 cm
Clear selection
Gram stain of specimen shows bacteria with terminal spores. What bacteria is *
being described?
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium tetani
All of the above
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7/20/23, 1:43 PM Comprehensive Examination - Laboratory

Your email will be recorded when you submit this form

* Indicates required question

Choose the BEST answer for each question.

Which of the following is incorrect about gram-negative organisms? *

Pale reddish color after gram staining

No outer lipid membrane

Thin peptidoglycan layer

Bacteria include Enterobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Pseudomonas spp.

Identify the type of bacteria based on flagellar arrangement. *

What serves as energy source and food reserves for bacteria? *

III. Having a nucleus

IV. Having pili

Statement I is correct while statement II is incorrect.

Statement I is incorrect while statement II is correct.

Both statements are correct.

Both statements are incorrect.

The lesions found in the child's mouth are called _____

Before smearing, you will sterilize the inoculation loop using:

II, III and IV

All of the above

None of the above

Match correctly the premises listed. *

Which of the following are gram-positive bacteria? *

Purposes of heat fixation:

All of the above

Preserve their shape and size

Allow the cells to live

Statement 1: The shape of a bacterium is determined by heredity. *

Only statement 1 is correct

Only statement 2 is correct

Both statements are correct

Both statements are incorrect

Ascariasis with biliary involvement

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Intestinal and hepatic amebiasis

Cell walls are absent in all of the following, EXCEPT: *

Anti- Anti- Anti- Anti-

A bacterium that occurs as chains of cocci. *

The microscope will not flip and invert an image. *

Microscope component that produces the secondary image magnification of the *

What is the morphologic type of Gaffkya tetragena? *

Congenital infection occurs as a result of

viral toxins crossing the placenta

viral toxins impairing maternal nourishment of the fetus

transplacental spread of virus and growth in the fetus

autoimmune response of maternal cells against fetal issues

autoimmune response of fetus against maternal antigen

Infection of this type _____

require drastic antiviral chemotherapy

usually progress into fatal illness

recur as latent infections

appear genetically linked

A 35 y.o, woman suffering from Acute lymphocytic leukemia and undergoing *

The appearance of localized skin lesions over a specific dermatome is

generalized herpes simplex

How do prokaryotes reproduce? *

The main constituent of most bacterial cell walls, it is a complex macromolecular *

Who stressed the importance of lenses for studying small object?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Alcohol should be kept away from the periphery of the

I. Heat fixation is a more satisfactory fixation technique