FILIPINO 2.

sa pamamagitan ng PAGGAMIT NG
PANLAPI gaya ng napaka-, nag–an, at kay,
ano ang PARABULA? pinaka, ka–an, upang masidhi o maipakita
ang pasukdol na katangian ng pang-uri
- ito ay mula sa salitang griyego na
- hal. Napakahusay, kaybilis,
“parabole”. ito ay makatotohanang
pinakamagaling
pangyayaring naganap noong panahon ni
Hesus batay sa nakasaad sa banal na aklat.
3. sa pamamagitan ng PAGGAMIT NG
ang mga aral na mapupulot dito ay
MGA SALITA gaya ng ubod, hari ng,
nagsisilbing patnubay sa marangal na
sakdal, tunay, lubhang, at ng pinagsamang
pamumuhay ng mga tao. ang mga mensahe
walang at kasing upang mapasidhi o
ng parabula ay di lamang lumilinang ng
maipakita ang pasukdol na katangian ng
mabuting asal na dapat taglayin kundi
pang-uri
binubuo rin nito ang ating moral at espiritwal
- hal. sakdakan ng bait, hari ng tapang,
na pagkatao
tunay na maligaya
ELEHIYA
ETIMOLOHIYA
- isang tula ng seryosong pagninilay-nilay
- ito ay ang pag-aaral ng kasaysayan ng
na kadalasang panaghay para sa namatay
mga salita at ang pagbabago ng kahulugan
at anyo nito. maaaring gamitin ito upang
ANEKDOTA
lubos na maunawaan ang diwa ng mga
- isang uri ng akdang tuluyan na
salitang ginagamit ngayon. hango ito sa
tumatalakay sa kakaiba o kakatwang
salitang griyego na ‘etymon” na ang ibig
pangyayaringnaganap sa buhay ng isang
sabihin ay “tunay na kahulugan”
kilala, sikat o tanyag na tao. layon nito ay
makapagbatid ng isang magandang
Uri ng Pinagmulan ng Salita
karanasan na kapupulutan ng aral, ito’y
magagawa lamang kung ang karanasan o
1. PAGSASAMA NG MGA SALITA
pangyayari ay makatotohanan
- salita na nabuo sa pamamagitan ng
pagsasama ng dalawa o higit pang salita
PANG-URI
- hal. teleradyo (telebisyon at radyo)
- bahagi ng pananalita na naglalarawan o
talasanggunian (tala at sanggunian)
nagbibigay turing sa pangngalan o
bahaghari (bahag at hari)
panghalip
- hal. masakit, masaap, saksakan ng galing,
2. HIRAM NA SALITA
taas
- ito ay mga banyagang salita o galing sa
ibang wika at kultura. ngunit, inaangkop ang
Mga Pang-Uri sa Pagpapasidhi ng
salita para sa lokal at pangkaraniwang
Damdamin
paraan ng pananalita
- sa pahayag ay mahaagang maipakita ang
- hal. drayber - driver (english)
damdaming nais ipahayag, ang damdaming
asul - azul (kastila)
nais bigyang-diin upang higit na
silya - (kastila)
maipahayag ang kaisipan ng pangungusap
o akda. narito ang ilan sa paraan kung
3. ONOMATOPOEIA
paano maipahahayag ang masidhing
- naglalarawan sa pinagmulan ng salita sa
damdamin ng mga pang-uri:
tunog nito
- hal. Twit, twit, twit - (ibon)
1. sa pamamagitan ng PAG-UULIT NG
aw, aw, aw - (aso)
PANG-URI
- hal. masayang-masaya, makulit na makulit
EPIKO
- mahabang tula o kuwento na
naglalarawan sa mga pakikibaka at
kabayanihan ng mga tauhan sa mga
makabuluhang oangyayari sa kasaysayan
ng isang lugar o kultura
- ito ay maaaring nakasulat sa anyong
patula o prosa at kadalasang inaawit sa
mga kaganapan ng mahalagang okasyon
bakit mahalaga ang epiko?
- ito ay isa sa mga pinakamahalagang anyo
ng panitikan sa pilipinas at iba’t iabng
kultura at tradisyon, at nakatutulong sa
pagpapalaganap at pagpapalalim ng mga
ito
- hal. hinilawod
biag ni lam-ang (buhay ni lam-ang)
ibalon
2 Uri ng Paghahambing Na
Di-Magkatulad
1. PASAHOL
- may higit na katangian ang
pinaghahambingan sa bagay na
inihahambing
- lalo, di-gasino, di-gaano, di-totoo
2. PALAMANG
- may mahigit na katangian ang
inihahambing sa bagay na
pinaghahambingan
- lalo, higit/mas, labis, di-hamak

PAGHAHAMBING
- ito ay paraan ng paglalahad na kung saan
nakatutulong sa pagbibigay-linaw sa isang
paksa sa pamamagitan ng paglalahad ng
pagkakatulad at pagkakaiba ng dalawang
bagay

2 Uri ng Paghahambing

1. PAGHAHAMBING NA MAGKATULAD
- ito ay ginagamit kung ang dalawang
paghahambing ay may patas na katangian.
ginagamitan ito ng mga panlaping ka,
magka, ga, sing, kasing, magsing,
magkasing, at mga salitang paris,
wangis/kawangis, gaya, tulad,
hawig/kahawig, mistula, mukha/kamukha

2. PAGHAHAMBING NA
DI-MAGKATULAD
- nagbibigay ito ng diwang pagkakait,
pagtatanggi o pagsalungat sa
pinatutunayang pangungusap
MAPEH ‣ MAZURKA
- is a polish dance in triple time signature
ROMANTIC PERIOD (1820 - 1910)
- way of expressing their unique emotions ‣ POLONAISE
- the emotional experience common in the - is a slow polish dance in triple meter that
music, art, and literature of this era was consists of a march of procession
longing (such as longing for love and
longing for a better life) ‣ PRELUDE
- is a short piece of music that can be used
Rhapsody as a preface and introduction to another
- is a free-form piece that is meant to work or may stand on its own
express a lot of emotion, a musical style
known during the romantic era WALTZ
- is a german dance in triple meter
VIOLIN AND STRING MUSIC
- which is a composition for violin instrument IMPROMPTU
- is a short free-form musical composition
1. NICCOLO PAGANINI
- well known composer of violin and string SCHERZO
music - is a musical movement of a playful
- he was born in Genoa, Italy character
- his musical skills started with playing the
mandolin at age of 5 BALLADE
- famous violin virtuoso in the world - is a verse form of narrative that is set to
‣ La Campanella music
‣ 24 Caprices for Solo Violin
‣ op.1 Concerto no.1 in Ed 2. FRANZ LIZST
‣ op.5 15 Quarters for Guitar and Strings - Doborjan, Hungary
Trio - symphonic poems
- he made piano transcriptions of operas
PIANO MUSIC and famous symphonies
- is in free form such, rhapsody, ballade, ‣ La Campanella
and nocturne ‣ Un Sospiro
‣ Sonata in B Minor
1. FREDERIC CHOPIN ‣ Orchestral Composition (*Symphonic
- he was known as the “Poet of the Piano” Poems — Hamlet, Les Preludes)
- he is from Zelazowa, Poland
- play piano at the age of 4 and composed 3. ROBERT SCHUMAN
polonaise at 7 - he was born in Zwickau
- a composer and music critic
CHOPIN is famous for the following: - Eusebius and Florestan
‣ Abegg Variations
‣ NOCTURNE ‣ Apus 1 (1830)
- is an instrumental composition of a ‣ Art Songs: Frauenliebe und Leben,
pensive, dreamy mood Dichterliebe
‣ Orchestral Music: Piano Concerto in A
‣ ETUDE Minor, Opus 54, Overture, Scherzo
- is a piece composed for the developments
of a specific technique
PROGRAM MUSIC
- program music is an instrumental
composition that conveys images or scenes
to tell a short story without text or lyrics. it
entices the imagination of the listener
1. HECTOR BERLIOZ
- a French romantic composer born on
December 11, 1803. at his young age, he
learned to play guitar and flute but never
became skilled in a specific musical
instrument
- one of his famous musical compositions is
a five-movement symphony called
“symphony fantastique”. in this composition
which is also known as “fantastic
symphony”, Berlioz showcased the
important features in his composition in
creating tone color. he assembled hundreds
of musicians to produce a powerful sound.
in most of his compositions, he made tone
color as the basic part of his musical
language
3. CAMILLE SAINT SAENS
- was known as a talented musician from an
early age. he was born in Paris on October
9, 1835 and started his music through the
help of his aunt by teaching him piano
lesson when he was only 2 years old and
afterward, he began composing piano piece
at age three
- he was considered as a composer who
creates elegant music, neat, clean,
polished, and never excessive. one of these
examples is “The Swan”. as an organist and
one of the best pianist
‣ Carnival of the Animals
‣ Danse Macabre and His Symphony no.3
‣ The Swan
‣ 3 Operas (Samson and Delilah, the only
one remembered)
‣ 5 Symphonies (best known. No.3 The
Organ Symphony)

2. PETER ILYCH TCHAIKOVSKY

- was born on May 7, 1840 in Votkinsk,
Russia. was known for his ballet music, as a
big fan of Mozart, Tchaikovsky studied
composition with Anton Rubinstein and
moved to Moscow and started teaching at
the new conservatory
- he continued his music career in New York
and became famous after composing the
musical poem “Fatum” and “Romeo and
Juliet”. he composed haunting melodies and
used a great deal of folk music in his
symphonic works. unfortunately, there are
very few surviving manuscripts written by
Tchaikovsky, his fame peaked in the last ten
years of his life and later died due to cholera
‣ Swan Lake
‣ Sleeping Beauty
‣ The Nutcracker
‣ Romeo and Juliet
‣ 1812 Overture
‣ Symphony no.2
‣ Symphony no.6 “Pathetique”
‣ Piano Concerto no.1
 ARTS OF THE NEOCLASSICAL AND
ROMANTIC PERIOD (1780 - 1840)
NEOCLASSICAL
- neos = new , classicus = first class
NEOCLASSICISM
- western movements in the decorative and
visual arts
- applies to literature, theater, music, and
architecture
NEOCLASSICAL MOVEMENT
- occurred during the age of reason/age of
enlightenment
CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOCLASSICAL
ART
‣ rebirth of Roman history
‣ formal composition
‣ the used of diagonals to show the apex of
emotion/moment
‣ local color
‣ overall lightning
‣ classical geo-structures
NEOCLASSICISM
- revival of interest in classical ideals and
forms that influenced European and
American society during the 18th and 19th
centuries though thought, politics, and fine
arts
- refers to art form that were created after
ancient times
- stems from the classicism movement
CLASSICISM
- period during which Greek and Roman
principles and styles were reflected in
society
Famous Painting Artists
1. JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID
- well-known French painter in the
Neoclassical styles
- widely regarded as the preeminent painter
of his time
- painting subjects are more historically
based
David’s Famous Artworks
‣ THE DEATH OF MARAT
- depicted a revolutionary martyr
- portrait of the assassinated French
revolutionary leader, Jean-Paul Marat
‣ NAPOLEON CROSSING THE ALPS
- depicts a highly idealized view of
Napoleon and his army’s actual crossing of
the alps through the great St. Bernard pass
in 1800
‣ OATH OF HORATII
- large painting depicting a scene from a
Roman legend about a Feud between
Rome and Alba longa
2. JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES
- studied under Jacques-Louis David
- influenced by Italian renaissance painters
such as Raphael
- paintings are typically of naked people,
portraits, and mythological features
- regarded as “Academic Art” and “Old
Master”
Ingres’ Famous Artworks
‣ PORTRAIT OF NAPOLEON ON THE
IMPERIAL THRONE
- depicted Napoleon in his decadent
coronation gown, seated on his decadent
‣ THE APOTHEOSIS OF HOMER
- state commission by Charles X to have
himself remembered in the Louvre’s building
works
- depicts an image of Homer receiving all of
Rome’s, Greece’s, and modern-day brilliant
men
NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTURES
- the neoclassical period was one of the
great ages of public sculpture. artists looked
to Roman styles during the time of
Alexander the Great for inspiration as well
as to mimic their style
Famous Sculptors
1. ANTONIO CANOVA
- prolific Italian sculptor best known for his
marble sculptures depicting nude flesh
- pioneered the use of pure contours to
depict discrete sexual pleasures with his
mythological compositions
Canova’s Famous Work
‣ PSYCHE REVIVED BY CUPID’S KISS
- a sculpture of psyche awakened by
Cupid’s kiss
‣ GEORGE WASHINGTON
- a marble sculpture of washington that is
currently on display at the North Carolina
Museum of History
2. BERTEL THORVALDSEN
- Denmark’s first internationally acclaimed
artist and created sculptures of mythological
figures
Thorvaldsen’s Famous Work
‣ CHRIST
- a marble sculpture of the resurrected
Christ
‣ LION OF LUCERNE
- a sculpture of a dying lion in Lucerne,
Switzerland, commemorates the Swiss
guards who were massacred during the
French revolution in 1792
NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
- neoclassical architectural styles started in
the mid-18th century. it turned away from
the grandeur of Rococo style and the Late
Baroque. in its purest form, neoclassical
architecture was a style principally derived
from the architecture of Classical Greece
and Rome and the architectural designs of
the Italian architect Andrea Palladio
Types of Neoclassical Architecture
1. TEMPLE STYLE
- temple style building design was based on
an ancient temple. these buildings were
uncommon during the Renaissance as
architects of that period focused mainly on
applying classical elements to churches and
modern buildings like palazzos and villas
- many temple style building feature a
peristyle (a continuous line of columns
around a building), a rare feature of
Renaissance architecture
Most Famous Temple Style Buildings
‣ Pantheon, Paris by Jacques-Germain
Soufflot
‣ British Museum, London by Robert Smirke
‣ La Madeleine de Paris by Pierre-Alexandre
Vignon
2. PALLADIAN STYLE
- palladian buildings were based on Andrea
Palladio’s style of villa construction
- some of the buildings feature a balustrade
which is a railing with vertical supports
along the edge of the roof. there are vertical
supports within the balustrade known as
“balusters” or “spindles”. it is also a classical
method of crowning a building that has a flat
or low lying roof
Robert Adam (1728-1792 , British)
- he was known as the Palladian architect of
the Neoclassical era
 Most Well-Known Palladian Structures
‣ United States Capitol
‣ White House
CLASSICAL BLOCK
- the building features a rectangular or
square plan, with a flat roof and an exterior
rich in classical detail. the exterior features
a repeated classical pattern or series of
arches and/or columns. the overall
impression of such a building was a huge,
classically-decorated rectangular block
- classical block aesthetic was also known
as “Beaux-Arts style” since it was developed
principally by the French Ecole des
Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts)
- classical block architecture also flourished
in the United States, particularly in New
York
FESTIVALS
- it is an event, usually and ordinarily staged
by a local community, which centres on and
celebrates some unique aspect of that
community and the festival
- it is usually a day or period set aside for
celebration
2 Types of Festival
1. RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS
- are done in honor of a certain religious
icon or saint of a particular place
2. SECULAR FESTIVALS
- celebrated in thanksgiving or celebration of
people’s industry and bountiful harvest

Famous Architects of This Architectural

Style

‣ A. HENRI LABROUSTE
- his masterpiece is the Library of
Sainte-Genevieve
‣ B. CHARLES GARNIER
- he designed the most famous classical
block of all which is the Palais Garnier (a
Neobaroque opera house)

Other Buildings In Classical Block Style

‣ New York Public Library by Carrere &
Hastings Architectural Firm, 1895
‣ Boston Public Library by Charles Follen
Mckim, 1895
LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENTS
- these are movements that allow you to
move from one point in space to another. it
is derived from two words, “locos” which
means place and “motor” which means
movement
1. STEP
- it is defined as transfer of weight from one
foot to the other
2. WALK
- it is series of steps executed by both of
your feet alternately in any direction
NON-LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENTS
- these are movements that are performed
in one point in space without transferring to
another point. they don’t allow you to move
from one place to the other
1. FLEXION “BEND”
- it is the act of decreasing the angle of a
joint. another term for flexion is to bend
2. EXTENSION “STRETCHING”
- it is an act of increasing the angle of a
joint. stretching is another word for
extension
3. ROTATION
- is to move a body segment allowing it to
complete a circle with its motion
FIRST AID
- is an immediate and temporary care given
to a person who suddenly gets ill or injured.
it includes self-help and home care if
medical assistance is not available or
delayed
ROLES OF A FIRST AIDER
1. it is a bridge that fills the gap between the
victim and the physician
2. it is not intended to compete with or to
take the place of the services of the
physician
3. it ends when the services of the
physicians begin
OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID
1. to save lives
2. to alleviate suffering
3. to prolong lives
4. to prevent further injury
CHARACTERISTICS OF A FIRST AIDER
1. GENTLE
- does not cause pain and panic
2. OBSERVANT
- notices all signs
3. RESOURCEFUL
- makes the best use of things at hand
4. TACTFUL
- does not frighten the victim
5. SYMPATHETIC
- comforts and reassures the victim
 DOs IN GIVING FIRST AID
1. DO stay calm
2. DO reassure and comfort the victim
3. DO check for a medical bracelet
indicating a condition, such as epilepsy or
diabetes
4. DO loosen any tight clothing
5. DO keep the victim covered to reduce
shock
DON’Ts IN GIVING FIRST AID
1. DON’T give food and drink to an
unconscious person
2. DON’T move an injured person unless
you need to place him/her in the recovery
room
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
STEP 1. is the scene safe? if yes, proceed
to the next steps. if no, do not attempt to go
to the accident. call emergency Medical
Services instead
STEP 2. make sure the victim is lying on his
back. if not, roll the victim
STEP 3. check for responsiveness by gently
tapping the shoulder of the victim saying:
“hey, hey, hey, are you okay?”
STEP 4. if there is no response, call for help
immediately
STEP 5. do the Primary Survey of the victim
(A-B-C)
Airway - check if there is a blockage in the
airway (if yes, take it out using your pinky
finger in a scooping motion)
Breathing - use the maximum
head-tilt-chin-lift method and look-listen-feel
(if negative, perform rescue breathing)
Circulation - use Carotid pulse (if negative,
fo to step 6
STEP 6. while applying maximum
head-tilt-chin-lift method, pinch the nose
and give 2 initial full breaths to the victims
STEP 7. take off the clothes of the victim
that can block the compression area
STEP 8. perform CPR on the victim
(cardiopulmonary resuscitation). Do 5
cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths
STEP 9. if the victim is revived, do the
secondary survey of the victim. if not,
continue performing CPR while waiting for
the rescue team
STEP 10. do the Secondary Survey. record
all the data and surrender to the rescue
team
interview: Symptoms
Allergy
Medication
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events prior to the accident
VITAL SIGNS - carefully check the following
vital signs:
eyes: dilated-shock; constricted-stroke drug
abuse; pupils are unequal-stroke or head
injuries
nose: watery - fracture or skull injury
bluish skin color - lacking oxygen (cyanosis)
body temperature , blood pressure

Head-to-Toe Examination - check for the

following: Deformity
Contusions
Abrasions
Punctures
Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
Swelling
ESP
ano ang KATARUNGAN?
- ito ay pagbibigay sa kapwa ng nararapat
sa kaniya
- ang pagkatao ay isang katotohanang
nangangailangan ng ating pagkilala at
paggalang (Dr. Manuel B. Dy Jr.)
‣ dignidad
‣ karapatan
‣ kabutihang panlipunan
- ang pamilya ang unang nagbibigay sa iyo
ng kamalayan tungkol sa katarungan
- dahan-dahang nahuhubog ang iyong
pagkatao sa paggabay ng iyong mga mahal
sa buhay
- nauunawaan mo na kapag iginagalang mo
ang mga karapatan ng iba,
isinasaalang-alang mo ang kabutihang
panlahat
‣ paggalang sa karapatan ng bawat tao
‣ pagpapaliban sa pansariling interes
‣ pagsusuri sa kabuuang sitwasyon
‣ pagsasaalang-alang sa kabutihang
panlahat
KATARUNGANG PANLIPUNAN AT
DIGNIDAD NG TAO
- ang katarungang panipunan ay kumikilala
sa dignidad ng tao
- ang bawat tao ay may dignidad dahil sa
kanyang pagkatao
- may dignidad ang tao dahil mahalaga siya
- dahil mahalaga ang tao, makatarungan na
ibigay ang nararapat sa buhay

MAKATARUNGANG TAO
- makatarungang ang isang tao ung
ginagamit nito ang kanyang lakas sa
paggalang sa batas at sa karapatan ng
kapwa

PANGUNAHING PRINSIPYO NG
KATARUNGAN
- ang makatarungang ugnayan ay umiiral
kung walang nang-aagrabyado sa isa’t isa
- bilang tao, karapatan ng bawat isa na
mamuhay nang hindi hinahadlangan ng iba.
kung nilalabag ang karapatang ito,
mawawalan ng katarungan

KATARUNGANG PANLIPUNAN
- ito ang namamahal sa kaayusan ng
ugnaan ng tao sa kaniyang kapwa at sa
ugnayan ng tao sa lipunan
- inilalagay nito sa ayos ang panlipunang
ugnayan ayos sa kraytirya ng pagsunod sa
batas
PAMAMAHALA SA PAGGAMIT NG ORAS
PAMAMAHALA SA ORAS (TIME
MANAGEMENT)
- ito ay tumutukoy sa kakayahan ng tao sa
epektibo at produktibong paggamit ng oras
sa paggawa
PAGTATAKDA NG TUNGUHIN SA
PAGGAWA
‣ SPECIFIC (TIYAK)
- nakakasiguro sa nais mangyari sa
paggawa
‣ MEASURABLE (NASUSUKAT)
- kakayahang gawin o isakatuparan ang
layunin
‣ ATTAINABLE (NAAABOT)
- makatotohanan, maaabot, at
mapanghamon
‣ REALISTIC (REYALISTIKO)
- kaangkupan ng gawin sa pagtugon sa
pangangailangan ng iyong kapwa at higit na
makikita ang makabubuti
‣ TIME BOUND (NASUSUKAT SA
PANAHON)
- kailangan na magbigay ng takdang
panahon o oras kung kailan
maisakatuparan ang tungkulin
✔ ON-TIME
- pagsisimula at pagtatapos sa saktong oras
✔ FILIPINO TIME
- lagpas ng itinakdang oras
MAÑANA HABIT
(PAGPAPABUKAS-BUKAS)
- ito ay ang puwang mula sa oras na
binabalak mong gawin ang isang bagay at
sa aktwal na oras ng paggawa
PRAYORITASYON
- ito ay ang pagbibigay oras sa mga bagay
na kailangang gawin at tapusin sa takdang
oras
KASIPAGAN
- tumutukoy sa PAGSISIKAP na gawin o
tapusin ang isang gawain na MAYROONG
KALIDAD. tumutulong ito sa tao na
malinang ang iba pang mabubuting
katangian katulad ng:
‣ tiwala sa sarili
‣ mahabang pasensya
‣ katapatan
‣ integridad
‣ disiplina
‣ kahusayan
KAISIPAN
- tumutulong sa tao upang mapaunlad niya
ang kanyang pagkatao
MGA PALATANDAAN NG TAONG
NAGTATAGLAY NG KASIPAGAN
1. nagbibigay ng buong kakayahan sa
paggawa
2. ginagawa ang gawain nang may
pagmamahal
3. hindi umiiwas sa anumang gawain
ang kabaligtaran ng kasipagan ay
katamaran. ang katamaran ang pumapatay
sa isang gawain, hanapbuhay, o trabaho. ito
ang pumipigil sa tao upang siya ay
magtagumpay. ang isang taong tamad ay
ayaw tumanggap ng gawain. hindi pa niya
nasisimulan ay umaayaw na siya
PAGPUPUNYAGI
- ito ay tumuktukoy sa PAGTITIYAGA na
maabot o makukuha ang iyong LAYUNIN O
MITHIIN SA BUHAY. ito ay may kalakip na
pagtitiyaga, pagtitiis, kasipagan at
determinasyon
- ito ay pagtanggap sa mga hamon o
pagsubok ng may kahinuhan at hindi
nagrereklamo. ito ay patuloy na pagsubok
ng mga gawain hangga’t hindi nakakamit
ang mithiin
 MGA PALATANDAAN NG 3 DAHILAN KUNG BAKIT KAILANGANG
PAGPUPUNYAGI MAG-IMPOK NG TAO
- ayon sa isang financial expert, Francisco
1. pagpapatuloy sa gawain kahit Colayco
nahihirapan
2. pagpapatuloy sa gawain kahit 1. proteksyon sa buhay
nasasaktan o nagdurusa 2. hangarin sa buhay
3. pagpapatuloy sa gawain kahit maraming 3. pagreretiro
natatanggap ng puna mula sa iba
4. pagpapatuloy sa gawain sa kabila ng - kinakailangan na tratuhin ang pang-iimpok
matinding pagod na isang obligasyon at hindi opsiyonal

PAGTITIPID
- kakambal ng pagbibigay
- ito ay isang birtud na nagtuturo sa tao na
hindi lamang mamuhay nang masagana,
kundi gamitin ang pagtitipid upang higit na
makapagbigay sa iba

ILANG PARAAN NA NAGPAPAKITA NG

PAGTITIPID

1. magbaon ng pagkain sa opisina o

eskwelahan
2. matutong maglakad lalo na kung malapit
ang pupuntahan
3. mas matipid bumili sa pamilihan kaysa sa
mga mall
4. orasan ang paggamit ng tv, computer,
electric fan at iba pa
5. sa pagsisipilyo ay gumamit ng baso
6. huwag nang bumili ng imported

PAG-IIMPOK
- ay paraan upang makapag-save o
makapag-ipon ng salapi na siyang
magagamit sa ating pangangailangan sa
takdang panahon

bakit kailangang mag-impok ng pera?

- ayon sa teorya ni Maslow, The Heirarchy
of Needs, ang pera ay makatutulong sa tao
na maramdaman ang kanyang seguridad sa
buhay lalo na sa hinaharap
ENGLISH
FACTUAL INFORMATION
- basically focuses on facts that are reliable
and accurate facts
- factual information are statements that can
be verified or proven to be true
- characteristics:
‣ objective and fact driven
‣ measurable and observable
‣ provides useful information
‣ focuses on facts and observations
‣ concerned with actual details
- ex. news, reports, interviews, recipes,
records of history, instructions, faqs, etc.
SUBJECTIVE CONTENT
- subjective content involves judgment,
feeling, opinion, intuition, or emotion rather
than factual information
- relies on the following nature:
‣ assumptions
‣ beliefs
‣ emotions and judgements
‣ interpretations
‣ personal feelings
‣ points of view
- in addition, a non-factual or opinion-driven
statements is often considered ill-suited for
scenarios like news, reporting, or decision
making on business or politics
FACTS
- the annual report confirms…
- scientists have recently discovered…
- according to the results of the tests…
- the investigation demonstrated…
OPINION
- he claimed that…
- it is the officer’s view that…
- many scientists suspect that…
- the report argues that…
BIAS
- a partial viewpoint demonstrated either
when in favor or against something or
someone, generally considered unfair
- an inclination for or against a person, idea,
or thing, especially in a way considered to
be unfair
- both negative and positive attitudes
- results in unfairness
PREJUDICE
- preconceived opinion or assumption made
regarding someone or something without an
actual experience or enough facts or basis
- preconceived opinion that is not based on
actual experience or reason
- usually negative attitude
- results in discrimination
VIEWING
- is defined as an active process of
attending and comprehending visual media,
such as television, advertising, images,
films, diagrams, symbols, photographs,
videos, drama, drawings, sculpture
‣ PRE-VIEWING
- you prepare to view by activating your
schema (the prior knowledge you bring to
the study of a topic or theme), anticipating a
message, predicting, speculating, asking
questions, and setting a purpose for viewing
‣ DURING VIEWING
- you view the visual text to understand the
message by seeking and checking
understanding, making connections, making
and confirming predictions and references,
interpreting and summarizing, pausing and
reviewing, and analyzing and evaluating.
your understanding should be monitored by
connecting to your schema, questioning,
and reflecting
‣ AFTER VIEWING
- you are given opportunities to respond to
visual text in an intimate, critical, and
creative way. you respond by reflecting,
analyzing, evaluating and creating
IRRELEVANT
- an information not relevant to what is
being discussed
MAIN IDEA
- the most important thought about the topic.
the topic is the person, place, thing, or idea
being written about
‣ STATED MAIN IDEA
- the point the writer wants to make about
the subject is clearly identifiable in a
sentence
‣ IMPLIED MAIN IDEA
- the point the writer wants to make about
the subject is not clearly identifiable in a
sentence
SUPPORTING DETAILS
- supporting details can be defined as
additional information the explain, define, or
prove an idea
LISTENING
- one of the most important skills that should
be developed. it requires critical thinking
because you cannot just listen to someone’s
speech without understanding and
assessing the truth, relevance, and
authenticity of the information presented to
‣ ACTIVE LISTENING
- the listener is fully engaged and reacts to
the ideas presented by the speaker. this is
usually through non=verbal cues such as
nodding, smiling, facial expressions in
response to the ideas of the speaker,
making eye contact, etc.
‣ PASSIVE LISTENING
- the listener does not react to the ideas of
the speaker but merely listens, and makes
no attempt to interrupt the speaker
VALIDITY
- the quality or being factually sound
- the state of being legally or officially
binding or acceptable
what is EVIDENCE?
- the available body of facts or information
indicating whether a belief or proposition is
true or valid
‣ TESTIMONAL EVIDENCE
- statements of truth from a certain person
made under oath in a court or testimonies
offered to prove the truth of the matter
‣ STATISTICAL EVIDENCE
- the result of researches or surveys thath
can never be proven because of probability
or likelihood which is from random sampling
‣ ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE
- collected in a casual or informal manner
and relying or entirely on personal testimony
‣ ANALOGICAL EVIDENCE
- based on the idea that two or more things
are similar in some aspect, there is a
tendency that they are also similar in other
aspect
FALLACY
- a mistaken belief, especially one based on
an unsound argument
‣ FAULTY LOGIC
- a kind of persuasive technique used when
making statements with imperfect reasoning
or in the absence of sound judgment
- it means imperfect reason
‣ UNSUPPORTED FACTS
- is not upheld by evidence or facts making
the claim unsubstantiated or unconfirmed
- it refers to the facts claimed by someone
without enough evidence
‣ EMOTIONAL APPEAL
- is a method of persuasion appealing to
both the brain and the heart, primarily
tending to obtain an emotional reaction