REVISION (13) FOR ENGLISH 12

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose
underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following
questions.
Question 1: A. decide B. decisive C. decision D. reliable
Question 2: A. dangerous B. language C. energy D. change
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from
the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. reception B. arrival C. prestigious D. literal
Question 4: A. renewable B. influential C. advantageous D. beneficial
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to
each of the following questions.
Question 5: Most reptiles have three chambers in their hearts, ____ some do have four.
A. in spite B. although C. despite of D. so long as
Question 6. Mammals, ____ are warm-blooded, meaning that they generate their own body
heat and are thus more tolerant of temperature extremes.
A. On the other hand B. In contrast C. In short D. In conclusion
Question7. Birds and mammals, ____ they are warm blooded, move more swiftly and have
greater physical endurance than reptiles.
A. although B. thus C. because D. besides
Question 8. We should set our printer's default ____ it prints on both sides of the page.
A. besides B. and C. so D. therefore
Question 9. Your computer may go to sleep, ____ it's still consuming energy.
A. but B. even though C. so D. furthermore
Question 10. We use compact florescent light bulbs, ____ last 10 times longer
than incandescent bulbs.
A. what B. that C. which D. they
Question 11. We should keep our freezer full ____ it runs more efficiently than an empty one.
A. therefore B. but C. so D. because
Question 12. These eggs come from free-range chickens ____ eat only organic grains.
A. which B. what C. who D. they
Question 13. An example of ____ is plant material that produces electricity with steam.
A. biomass B. fossil fuel C. purification D. pathway
Question 14. There was no food in the refrigerator, so she had to visit the grocery store
to ____ their supply.
A. conserve B. make full C. spoilt D. replenish
Question 15. Many native plants have been seriously ____ by the introduction of exotic plants
which are taking over.
A. depleted B. caused C. disposed D. fulfill
Question 16. Too many products come in ____ packaging, and it's so wasteful!
A. disposed B. disposing C. disposable D. disposal
Question 17. China, India, Nepal, Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, and other nations of
Asia and the Pacific are making substantial commitments to ____ their natural resources.
A. replace B. conserving C. conservation D. be conserved
Question 18. Plant shade trees to reduce summer heat ____ reduce watering needs
in summer months.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
Question 19. It has been said that the wars of the future will not be fought over land. ____,
they will be fought over the water supply.
A. However B. Besides C. Instead D. Therefore
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable
response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 20: “I believe you can do it. Don’t be so anxious, Helen.” “_______”
A. You can say that again B. I’m sorry, but it’s not possible.
C. You bet! Don’t give up D. Thanks. But I’m really nervous.
Question 21: “What a nice watch you’re wearing.” “_____”
A. I’m with you. You’ll buy another one for you. C. Sure. That’s the best watch on sale.
B. Thanks. I bought it on my trip to Switzerland. D. No harm done. You can take it.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions.
Question 22: For environmental safety, we need to find ways to reduce emission of fumes
and smoke of factories.
A. leak B. release C. poison D. pollutant
Question 23: The advances of commercial airplanes resulted in a shrinking world.(thu hẹp
lại)
A. decreasing B. reduced C. smaller D. compressing (nén)
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 24: 'If we continue to deplete our planets natural resources, we will damage the
environment significantly.
A. use up B. add to C. reduce D. exhaust
Question 25: She stays incredibly focused and is never distracted by others.
A. disturbed B. confused C. bewildered D. concentrated
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is
closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 26: Scientists say forests are being destroyed by air pollution
A. Forests are being destroyed by pollution, scientists say
B. Scientists are blamed for destroying forests
C. Scientists say that there’s much air pollution in the forests.
D. Scientists blame air pollution for the destruction of forests
Question 27: Even though Julie is a champion swimmer, she still practices every day.
A. Julie practices every day despite the fact that she is a champion swimmer.
B. Even though Julie practices every day, she is still a champion swimmer.
C. If Julie practices every day, she’ll be a champion swimmer
D. Julie swims every day; consequently, she is a champion swimmer.
Question 28: Many people enjoy collecting books because they enjoy reading.
A. It is because many people enjoy reading that they collecting books.
B. Enjoying collecting books is the reason that makes many people enjoy reading books.
C. It is because many people enjoy collecting books that they enjoy reading.
D. Many people enjoy collecting books, which makes them read books
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best
combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 29: My sister thinks the film is too frightening. I am not scared at all.
A. My sister thinks the film is too frightening because I am not scared at all.
B. My sister thinks the film is too frightening so I am not scared at all.
C. My sister thinks the film is too frightening whereas I am not scared at all.
D. My sister thinks the film is too frightening although I am not scared at all.
Question 30: He bought her flowers and diamond rings. This action made her fall in love with
him.
A. He bought her flowers and diamond rings, what made her fall in love with him.
B. He bought her flowers and diamond rings, that made her fall in love with him.
C. He bought her flowers and diamond rings, which made her fall in love with him.
D. He bought her flowers and diamond rings which made her fall in love with him.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31
to 35.
 GREEN ENERGY
Fossil fuels are used to generate the majority of the world's energy, and they come in
different forms. For example, coal may be burned in a power (31) ____ to generate electricity,
but gasoline is burned in a car's engine to make it run. Neither of these two sources is
considered green energy because they produce a lot of pollution when they are burned. In
addition, they come from a source that is inevitably going to (32) ____.
Green energy can be defined as any energy source that is to some degree non-polluting.
When it is called (33) ____, this means that a person can replace the same amount of energy
that was consumed by that person (34) ____ that person's lifetime. Since it took millions and
millions of years to create the fossil fuels that we now burn, we know that they cannot be
replaced by us.
Wind power and solar power, (35) ____ harnessed properly, are two excellent sources of
green energy. Once the necessary parts such as wind turbines to generate wind power and
solar panels to create solar power have been produced, only the pollution from the production
is left.
Question 31. A. point B. outlet C. factory D. plant (nhà máy điện)
Question 32. A. run out of B. run out C. burn out D. cut out
Question 33. A. durable B. sustainable C. harmful D. effective
Question 34. A. along B. about C. within D. during
Question 35. A. where B. when C. which D. what
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Although noise, commonly defined as unwanted sound, is a widely recognized form of
pollution, it is very difficult to measure because the discomfort experienced by different
individuals is highly subjective and therefore, variable. Exposure to lower levels of noise may
be slightly irritating, whereas exposure to higher levels may actually cause hearing loss.
Particularly in congested urban areas, the noise produced as a by-product of our advancing
technology causes physical and psychological harm, and detracts from the quality of life for
those who are exposed to it.
Unlike the eyes, which can be covered by the eyelids against strong light, the ear has no lid,
and is therefore, always open and vulnerable; noise penetrates without protection. Noise
causes effects that the hearer cannot control and to which the body never becomes
accustomed. Loud noises instinctively signal danger to any organism with a hearing
mechanism, including human beings. In response, heartbeat and respiration accelerate,
blood vessels constrict, the skin pales, and muscles tense. In fact, there is a general increase
in functioning brought about by the flow of adrenaline released in response to fear, and some
of these responses persist even longer than the noise, occasionally as long as thirty minutes
after the sound has ceased.
Because noise is unavoidable in a complex, industrial society, we are constantly responding
in the same way that we would respond to danger. Recently, researchers have concluded
that noise and our response may be much more than an annoyance. It may be a serious
threat to physical and psychological health and well-being, causing damage not only to the
ear and brain but also to the heart and stomach. We have long known that hearing loss is
America's number one nonfatal health problem, but now we are learning that some of us with
heart disease and ulcers may be victims of noise as well. Fetuses exposed to noise tend to
be overactive, they cry easily and they are more sensitive to gastrointestinal problems after
birth. In addition, the psychic effect of noise is very important. Nervousness, irritability,
tension, and anxiety increase affecting the quality of rest during sleep, and the efficiency of
activities during waking hours, as well as the way that we interact with each other.
Question 36. Which of the following is the author's main point?
A. Hearing loss is America's number one nonfatal health problem.
B. Loud noises signal danger.
C. Noise may pose a serious threat to our physical and psychological health,
D. The ear is not like the eye.
Question 37. According to the passage, what is noise?
A. A byproduct of technology B. Physical and psychological harm
C. Congestion D. Unwanted sound
Question 38. Why is noise difficult to measure?
A. All people do not respond to it in the same way.
B. It causes hearing loss.
C. It is unwanted.
D. People become accustomed to it.
Question 39. The word congested in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by ____.
A. hazardous B. crowded C. polluted D. rushed
Question 40. The word it in the end of the first paragraph refers to ____.
A. The quality of life B. our advancing technology
C. the noise D. physical and psychological harm
Question 41. Look at the verb accelerate in paragraph 3. Which of the following is the closest
meaning to it?
A. cease B. rise C. swell D. increase
Question 42. It can be inferred from this passage that the eye ____.
A. responds to fears B. enjoys greater protection than the ear
C. increases function D. is damaged by noise

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions from 43 to 47.
Coral reefs are the most diverse of all marine ecosystems. They are full of life, with perhaps
one quarter of all ocean species depending on reefs for food and shelter. This is a
remarkable statistic when you consider that reefs cover just a tiny fraction of the earth's
surface and less than two per cent of the ocean bottom. Because they are so diverse, coral
reefs are often called the rainforests of the ocean. Coral reefs are very important to people.
They even provide seventy per cent of the food demands for some marine species, protection
of shorelines, jobs based on tourism (nine out of twelve activities for tourists in Nha Trang, for
example, involve the coral reefs), and even medicines.
Unfortunately, climate change is the greatest global threat to coral reef ecosystems. Scientific
evidence now clearly indicates that the Earth's atmosphere and ocean are warming, and that
these changes are primarily due to greenhouse gases derived from human activities.
As temperatures rise, mass coral bleaching events and infectious disease outbreaks are
becoming more frequent. Additionally, carbon dioxide absorbed into the ocean from the
atmosphere has already begun to reduce calcification rates in reef-building and reef-
associated organisms by altering seawater chemistry through decreases in pH. This process
is called ocean acidification.
Climate change will affect coral reef ecosystems, through sea level rise, changes to the
frequency and intensity of tropical storms, and altered ocean circulation patterns. When
combined, all of these impacts dramatically alter ecosystem function, as well as the goods
and services coral reef ecosystems provide to people around the globe.
There are also many things you can do to ensure that you are environmentally conscious
when you visit coral reefs or coastal areas. These include things such as hiring local guides
to support the economy, removing all trash from an area, never touching or harassing wildlife
in reef areas, and avoiding dropping your boat anchor or chain nearby a coral reef.
Finally, stay informed and spread the word! Educate yourself about why healthy coral reefs
are valuable to the people, fish, plants, and animals that depend on them. Your excitement
will help others get involved.
Question 43. Though the coverage of coral reefs on the sea bed is ____, its vital role is
undeniable.
A. remarkable B. small C. diverse D. huge
Question 44. ____ of all the ocean species find food and home in the coral reefs.
A. Two per cent B. Seventy per cent C. Twenty-five per cent D. Nine per cent
Question 45. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere directly caused ____.
A. infectious disease outbreaks B. reef-building
C. sea level rise D. ocean acidification
Question 46. Which of the following statement is NOT true?
A. Coral reefs can be compared to rainforests due to its diversity.
B. The effects of global warming are only on the ecosystems themselves.
C. You can help the coral reefs by educating not only yourself but people around you.
D. Human activities which cause greenhouse gases are major reasons for the climate
change.
Question 47. The word conscious in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. knowledgeable B. curious C. aware D. acknowledgeable
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that
needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 48. At the end, everybody cleaned up the whole room, that I hadn't expected
before. A B C(which D
Question 49. While wait for the paint to dry, I walked around and talked to the engineers.
A(waiting) B C D
Question 50. I came to class very early so the teacher was late due to heavy traffic.
A B(but) C D

Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as
the given sentence.
Question 51. The car is too expensive, so I can’t afford it.
 It was __such an expensive car that I cant afford
_______________________________________________________________
Question 52. If you hadn’t studied hard, you would have failed the exam.
 Had _you not studied hard ,you would have …
__________________________________________________________________
Question 53. No one has bought this house.
 This house _hasn’t been bought
______________________________________________________
Question 54. Although Nam was very tired, he tried to finished his work.
 However __tired nam was , he …
___________________________________________________________
Question 55. We couldn’t go camping because of the storm.
 The storm
Prevented us from going caanping
_______________________________________________________________
Question 56. Mr Hung is the most intelligent person I’ve ever known.
 I have never _known a more intelligent peraon than Hung
___________________________________________________________

Combine the following simple sentences, using subordinating conjunctions.

Question 57: Daisy is very nice.^ All her friends love her very much. (Therefore)

______________________therefore____________________________________________
_____
Question 58: We will take the trip^ It is stormy. (unless)

_________________________unless___________________________________________
Question 59: I had forgot locking the door.^ I drove to the office this morning. (when)
 _______________________________when____________________________________
Question 60: She earned her living by selling newspapers^ . She got a B.A degree.
(Although)
 __________________________________________although
___________________________
 REVISION (14) FOR ENGLISH 12
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. acne B. happy C. natural D. dietary
Question 2: A. cooks B. loves C. joins D. spends

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from
the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. Internet B. effective C. portable D. benefit
Question 4: A. identify B. disadvantage C. technology D. eliminate

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to
each of the following questions.
Question 5: The council wants to ____ the character of the city while reconstructing the Old
Quarter.
A. preserve B. store C. defense D. abandon
Question 6: Heavy traffic ____ us so we came to the meeting rather late.
A. promoted B. arrested C. canceled D. delayed
Question 7: It turned out to be a ____ journey when the weather became bad.
A. hazard B. hazardous C. hazarded D. hazarding
Question 8: Poaching ____ the greatest threat to many species.
A. creates B. presents C. poses D. produces
Question 9: _______ the wild, giant pandas eat bamboo.
A. On B. Into C. Onto D. In
Question 10: This species of African elephants is ____.
A. dying out B. dying of C. dying on D. dying down
Question 11: There wasn't a chair for the headmaster, ____ is a big problem.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
Question 12: The student wiped the board ____ was full of notes and drawings.
A. that B. while C. after D. so
Question 13: True Blood is my favourite TV series, ____ I don't have much time to watch it
often.
A. although B. before C. if D. yet
Question14: After the children finished their dinner, they went to bed ____ listened to a
bedtime story before falling asleep.
A. that B. and C. so D. while
Question 15: The kids show some hatred towards him, ____ he was really nice to them.
A. because B. before C. unless D. even though
Question 16: We can leave ____ you are ready.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whenever D. Whichever
Question 17: _______ what has happened, I think she will never return.
A. If B. Unless C. While D. After
Question 18: Switching to ____ eco light bulb is one way to protect the environment.
A. energy-wasting B. energy-expending C. energy-lacking D. energy-saving
Question 19: ____ batteries or solar chargers are some of the solutions to the lack of energy.
A. Rechargeable (có thể sạc đầy) B. Reversible C. Repeatable D.
Returnable

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable
response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 20: “Your designs look so gorgeous.” “_____”
A. Thanks. These are my favorite, too. B. Never mind. Thanks.
C. Very well done D. It doesn’t matter.
Question 21: “I believe studying aboard is the only way to get a good job.” “______”
A. I’m sorry, but I can’t agree more.
B. That’s right. That’s why I just want to study in my own country.
C. I don’t think you’re right, but I do believe so.
D. Are you kidding me? It’s never the only way.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions.
Question 22: The African rhino is an endangered species and needs protecting.
A. unstable B. dangerous C. insecure D. indefensible
Question 23: We can protect many species by keeping them in wildlife reserves(khu bảo
tồn).
A. protected land B. saved land C. park D. Zoo

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 24: Globally, farmers encroach on forest land to grow crops.
A. leave B. invade C. make road to D. intrude
Question 25: Funds are diverted from conservation to military because of war.
A. redirected B. shifted C. stayed D. turned aside

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is
closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 26: When the class was over, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
A. As long as the class finished, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
B. No sooner was the class over, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
C. As soon as the class had finished, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
D. If the class was over, the students would run out, scream and shout.
Question 27: At no time Jane asks me when she uses my bathroom.
A. Jane is always using my bathroom without asking!
B. It is very unusual for Jane to ask me when she uses my bathroom.
C. Jane has no time to ask me when she uses my bathroom.
D. Sometimes Jane asks me when she uses my bathroom.
Question 28: He was about to do something when his mother suddenly shouted out.
A. He was doing something when his mother suddenly shouted out.
B. He refused to do something about his mother suddenly shouting out.
C. He was on the point of doing something when his mother suddenly shouted out.
D. His mother's sudden shouting out helped him to do something.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best
combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 29: He was so angry with his boss. He quitted his job immediately.
A. Angry with his boss, he quitted his job immediately.
B. He quitted his job immediately, angry with his boss.
C. Angry with his boss he is, he quitted his job immediately.
D. He was so angry with his boss although quitting his job immediately.
Question 30: Something hit the door. I heard a slam.
A. Something hit the door but I heard a slam.
B. Something hit the door when I heard a slam.
C. Something hit the door though I heard a slam.
D. Something hit the door for I heard a slam.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides - The Green
Revolution regimen depend heavily on technology. One alternative, however, depends much
(31) ____ on technology - organic farming. Many organic farmers use machinery, but not
chemical fertilizers or pesticides. (32) ____ chemical soil enrichers, they use animal manure
and plant parts not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (33)
____. Organic farmers also use alternatives for pesticides, for example, they may rely on
natural predators of certain insect pests. (34) ____ the need arises, they can buy the eggs
and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields. They use other
techniques to control pests as well, like planting certain crops together because one crop
repels the other's pests. Organic farmers do not need a lot of land, in fact organic farming
is perfectly (35) ____ to small farms and is relatively inexpensive. Finally, many
organic farmers' average yields compare favorably with other farmers' yields.
Question 31. A. more B. less C. better D. worse
Question 32. A. In spite of B. On account of C. In favor of D. Instead of
Question 33. A. resource:tài nguyên B. source:nguồn C. matter D.
substance
Question 34. A. Then B. If C. Because D. Thought
Question 35. A. suitable B. open C. likely D. suited (to):phù hợp
vs cái gì

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Ocean Currents and the Turning of the Tide
If you take a seat at the beach and look out across the water, you’ll soon notice that oceans
have a rhythm of their own. Throughout the course of the day, sea levels will rise and fall, and
water will flow through routes and end up in different places. But how does it all work?
One force at play is tides, which are the alternating water levels of the ocean. There are two
major gravitational forces which cause tides: the sun and the moon.
The moon’s force has a tugging effect on oceans which causes them to bulge outwards on
opposite sides of the planet. Solar tides operate according to the same principles. However,
they are only about 50 percent as strong due to the distance between the sun and the earth.
As tides rise and fall, they create tidal currents. The strongest tidal currents occur at the
height of both high and low tides. Unlike other currents, they do not flow in a continuous
stream. Far from shore, tidal currents don’t have much of an effect. Yet when they pass
through narrow area, like harbours and abysm tidal currents can displace plants, animals,
and sediment. Although they may certainly shake things up, not all of the damage is negative.
Tidal currents can spread fish eggs across long distances to assist fertilization, in addition to
transporting key nutrients.
Another category of currents is ocean currents. These currents occur near the top of the
water, and are mainly powered by the wind. One example of these is coastal currents, which
are those beachgoers encounter when going for a swim. One of the strongest and most well-
known currents is the Gulf Stream, which brings warm water from the Gulf of Mexico all the
way to Western Europe. Meanwhile, Deep Ocean currents are a powerful force in the depths
of oceans. The strongest of these has been nicknamed the global conveyor belt, and it moves
much slower than surface currents. Although we can’t see it in operation, it’s about 16 times
as powerful as all the earth’s rivers put together. As the global conveyor belt pushes water
around the planet, it carries nutrition and carbon dioxide to places that truly need them. In the
end, although there are several currents working on oceans simultaneously, they each seem
to perform a necessary function that creates balance for life in the sea.
Question 36: How do moon tides different form solar tides?
A. They operate using different principles. B. They are stronger than solar tides.
C. They only occur during the nighttime. D. They occur less frequently solar tides.
Question 37: The most powerful tidal currents occur _____
A. when tides are high B. when tides are low
C. when tides are low and high D. when it is a windy day
Question 38: what happens when tidal currents occur _____.
A. They always cause negative events. B. They transport things around.
C. They destroy many towns. D. They kill lots of plants and fish.
Question 39: What can be said about the global conveyor belt?
A. They perform an important function. B. They are near the top of the water.
C. They can be witnessed by beachgoers, D. They are the fastest type of currents.
Question 40: The word “displace” in paragraph 3 closest in meaning to ______.
A. keep B. bury C. move D. destroy
Question 41: The word “these” in paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A. Deep Oceans currents B. the Gulf Stream currents.
C. the depths of oceans. D. forces to cause ocean currents.
Question 42: What might be another good title for the passage?
A. The Dangers of Ocean Currents. B. The Secrets behind the Seas.
C. The Wonderful Sea of Dreams D. The Population of the World’s Oceans

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions from 43 to 47.
Experts in climatology and other scientists are becoming extremely concerned about the
changes to our climate which are taking place. Admittedly, climate changes have occurred on
our planet before. For example, there have been several ice ages or glacial periods. These
climatic changes, however, were different from the modern ones in that they occurred
gradually and, as far as we know, naturally. The changes currently being monitored are said
to be the result not of natural causes, but of human activity. Furthermore, the rate of change
is becoming alarmingly rapid.
The major problem is that the planet appears to be warming up. According to some experts,
this warming process, known as global warming, is occurring at a rate unprecedented in the
last 10,000 years. The implications for the planet are very serious. Rising global temperatures
could give rise to such ecological disasters as extremely high increases in the incidence of
flooding and of droughts. These could have a harmful effect on agriculture. It is thought that
this unusual warming on the Earth has been caused by so-called greenhouse gases, such as
carbon dioxide, being emitted into the atmosphere by car engines and modern industrial
processes, for example. Such gases not only add to the pollution of the atmosphere, but also
create a greenhouse effect, by which the heat of the sun is trapped. This leads to the
warming up of the planet.
Politicians are also concerned about climate change and there are now regular summits on
the subject, attended by representatives from around 180 of the world's industrialized
countries. Of these summits, the most important took place in Kyoto in Japan in 1997. There
it was agreed that the most industrialized countries would try to reduce the volume of
greenhouse gas emissions and were given targets for this reduction of emissions.
It was also suggested that more forests should be planted to create so-called sinks to absorb
greenhouse gases. At least part of the problem of rapid climate change has been caused by
too drastic deforestation.
Sadly, the targets are not being met. Even more sadly, global warnings about climate
changes are often still being regarded as scaremongering.
Question 43. According to the passage, in what way did the climate changes in the ice
ages differ from the modern ones?
A. They occurred naturally over a long period of time.
B. They were partly intended.
C. They were wholly the result of human activity.
D. They were fully monitored by humans.
Question 44. The word "alarmingly" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. disapprovingly B. disappointingly C. surprisingly D. worryingly
Question 45. According to the passage, agriculture could ____.
A. make the global warming more serious
C. give rise to many ecological disasters
D. be directly damaged by the rises in global temperature
Question 46. Greenhouse gases cause the warming up of the Earth because they ____.
A. are emitted by car engines B. trap heat from the sun
C. do not add to atmosphere pollution D. are unusual gases
Question 47. It can be inferred from the passage that the countries which are mainly
responsible for global warming are ____.
A. countries with the warmest climate B. developing countries
C. developed countries D. the most industrialized countries

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that
needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 48: And A they love to B sing, they C love to dance. D
Question 49: I came A to class very early so B the teacher was C late due to D heavy traffic.
Question 50: Neither Lan or A her friends care B about the C coming exam. D

Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as
the given sentence.
Question 51: Although he was very tired, he tried to help me with my homework.
 Tired as _he was ,…
__________________________________________________________
Question 52: It’s the first time I’ve been to New York
 I haven’t __been to NY before
_________________________________________________________
Question 53: We didn’t have any holidays until this summer.
 It was not __until this summer that we had holidays
_________________________________________________________
Question 54: Lan is pretty but Mai is prettier.
 Mai is the ___prettier of the two girls
________________________________________________________
Question 55: This is the best film I’ve ever seen.
 I’ve __never seen a better film than this one
_________________________________________________________
Question 56: People say that that plane crashed into the mountains
 That plane is said to have crashed
_________________________________________________________

Combine the following simple sentences, using subordinating conjunctions.

Question 57: Nam will pass the exam^. He studies hard. (if)
 ____________________________if______________________________________
Question 58: Mary came to class late.^ Her motorbike had puncture. (because)
 ___________________________because____________________________________
Question 59: Her mother was very sick.^ She couldn’t come to class. (so)
 _____________________________so _______________________________________
Question 60:^ Tom was very lazy. He passed the final examination as well. (Although)
 ______although__________________________________________________________