The Third Annual Session of CIA First Model United Nations 1

Research Report

Assembly: GA1 (General assembly 1)

Topic: The Ceasing of Nuclear Weapon Production and Commencement

Student Officer Name: Serey Vaddh Savy

Position: Second Deputy Chair

Introduction

The manufacturing of nuclear weapons must stop, and disarmament must begin if world peace is
to be achieved. Geopolitical tensions are heightened as of 2024 due to the approximately12500
nuclear weapons on the planet. Notwithstanding past initiatives such as the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), issues still exist and require continued attention.
This paper examines the present state of the world's arsenals and the historical background,
highlighting how urgent it is to review disarmament. In light of this, the paper explores past
precedents and suggests remedies, adding to the global conversation on attaining a society free from
the imminent threat of nuclear weapons.

Definition of Key Terms

Ceasing

Halting or discontinuing a particular activity, in this context, nuclear weapon production. (Oxford
University Press)

Commencement
The beginning or initiation of an action, especially referring to disarmament efforts. (Oxford University
Press)
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Nuclear Weapon
An explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions. (CDC, 2019)

Background Information

The necessity to stop producing nuclear weapons and start disarmament has changed since
the middle of the 20th century. Major nuclear-armed powers including the US, Russia, China, and
others have facilitated the proliferation of these armaments. Despite the establishment of
organisations such as the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA) in 1957 and 1968, respectively, there is still a nuclear danger. The risk of a nuclear
weapons race emphasises how urgent this is. The lessons learned from prior disarmament projects'
triumphs and challenges call for increased openness and stronger multilateral treaties. Navigating a
road toward a world free of nuclear weapons is a critical responsibility of the international
community, especially those governments possessing nuclear weapons. Because visual data
improves comprehension, this study serves as a stimulus for international initiatives.

Major Countries and Organizations Involved

Non-Proliferation Treaty
An international treaty aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and promoting disarmament

Nuclear Armed State

United State, Russia, United Kingdom, France, North Korea, Pakistan, India, Israel, China

United States of America

The first country to test and uses the nuclear bomb

Russia
The current country with the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons

International Atomic Agencies

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): An international organisation working to promote the
peaceful use of nuclear energy and prevent nuclear weapons proliferation.
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Timeline of Events

Date Description

July 1945 The United States detonates its first atomic bomb

August 1945 The first atomic bomb has been dropped on Nagasaki

August 1949 The USSR tests its first nuclear weapon

July 1968 The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty is signed

May 1972 US and USSR signed ABM and SALT treaties

October 1983 250,000 protest against nuclear weapons in London

May 1998 India and Pakistan conducted underground nuclear tests

April 2003 North Korea withdraws from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

July2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons is adopted

January 2021 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons enter into force

Relevant UN Treaties and Events

➢ TPNW: The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) prohibits States Parties from
developing, testing, producing, manufacturing, acquiring, possessing, or stockpiling nuclear weapons or
other nuclear explosive devices. Signatories are barred from transferring or receiving nuclear weapons
and other nuclear explosive devices, control over such weapons, or any assistance with activities
prohibited under the Treaty.
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➢ Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapon(NPT): is the centrepiece of global efforts to

prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy
and to further the goal of nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.

➢ International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Nuclear Weapons(ICAN): The International

Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) is a coalition of non-governmental organisations in

one hundred countries promoting adherence to and implementation of the United Nations Treaty on
the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.

➢ Anti-Nuclear Movement: The anti-nuclear movement is a social movement that opposes various
nuclear technologies. Some direct action groups, environmental movements, and professional
organisations have identified themselves with the movement at the local, national, or international
level.

➢ Nuclear Disarmament: On June 12, 1982, the largest protest in American history converged in New
York, as an estimated one million protestors marched from Central Park to the United Nations to
demand an end to nuclear weapons.

Previous Attempts to solve the issue

United Nations (1946): Since its founding, the UN has taken part in initiatives to eradicate nuclear
weapons. A Commission was created in 1946 by the UN General Assembly's first resolution to deal with
matters pertaining to the discovery of atomic energy. The Commission was entrusted with formulating
recommendations for the eradication of atomic bombs and other significant weapons of mass destruction, as
well as for the regulation of atomic energy to guarantee its peaceful application.

United Nations Secretariat Agenda (2018): Quote of "Securing Our Common Future: An Agenda for
Disarmament," proposed by the United Nations Secretariat in 2018. This agenda calls for resuming dialogue
and negotiations for nuclear arms control and disarmament, extending norms against nuclear weapons, and
preparing for a world free of nuclear weapons through various risk-reduction measures.

Multilateral Treaties:
● Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT): This treaty banned nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, outer
space, and underwater, contributing to efforts to curb nuclear testing.
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● Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT): Although signed in 1996, the CTBT has yet to
enter into force. It aims to prohibit all nuclear explosions for both civilian and military purposes.
● Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW): The TPNW, mentioned in the text, was
adopted in 2017 and will enter into force on January 22, 2021. It represents a recent initiative to
prohibit nuclear weapons comprehensively.

Possible Solutions

- Expand and reinforce already-existing disarmament treaties: Countries must take a leading role in
bolstering accords such as the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and
endorsing programs such as the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW).

- Dialog and Diplomacy: Make diplomatic efforts: To foster confidence, settle disputes, and advance
arms control accords, diplomatic engagement between governments possessing and without nuclear
weapons should be encouraged.

- Agreements on Arms Control: Encourage countries to engage in negotiations and abide by arms
control agreements, which will restrict the creation, testing, and use of nuclear weapons. Encourage
openness and methods of verification.

- International Nuclear Security Measures: Boost international nuclear security by putting policies in
place to safeguard nuclear materials and stop non-state actors from obtaining or using them
illegally. Strengthen cooperation among nations on nuclear security projects.

- NWFZs (regional areas free of nuclear weapons): Encourage the creation and upholding of
regional accords that forbid the production and use of nuclear weapons in particular
geographical regions in order to support regional nuclear-weapon-free zones.

- Advancement of Disarmament Principles: Encourage a worldwide perspective that places a

higher priority on disarmament, diplomatic means of resolving disputes, and collaboration
between nations than on the acquisition and deployment of nuclear weapons.
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- Public Education and Awareness: Educate the public and raise awareness of the terrible
effects of nuclear weapons to build support for disarmament initiatives.

Bibliography

➢ Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. "Nuclear Timeline." CND,

https://cnduk.org/nuclear-timeline/.
➢ Oxford Learner's Dictionaries. "Cease." Oxford Learner's Dictionaries, Oxford University Press,
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/cease?q=Ceasing.
➢ Oxford Learner's Dictionaries. "Commencement." Oxford Learner's Dictionaries, Oxford University
Press,
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/commencement?q=Commencement.
➢ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Radiation Emergencies: Infographic on Nuclear
Weapons." CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/multimedia/infographics/nuclear_weapon.html. Last
reviewed: December 16, 2019. Content source: National Center for Environmental Health.
➢ United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. "Nuclear Weapons." UNODA,
https://disarmament.unoda.org/wmd/nuclear/.
➢ Union of Concerned Scientists. "Solutions to Nuclear Weapons Issues." UCSUSA,
https://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear-weapons/solutions.

➢ United States Department of State, Office of the Historian. "The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
(NPT), 1968." Milestones: 1961–1968, https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/npt.
➢ International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons. "Take Action Now." ICAN, n.d.,
https://www.icanw.org/take_action_now.
➢ Museum of the City of New York. "Nuclear Disarmament." Museum of the City of New York, n.d.,
https://www.mcny.org/exhibition/nuclear-disarmament.
➢ "Nuclear Disarmament." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 9 February 2024,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament.