Introduction to Fractions:

 A fraction represents a part of a whole or a ratio of two numbers.

 It consists of a numerator (top number) and a denominator (bottom number)
separated by a horizontal line.
 Example: 3443 represents three out of four equal parts.

Types of Fractions:

1. Proper Fraction: A fraction where the numerator is smaller than the denominator.
 Example: 2332
2. Improper Fraction: A fraction where the numerator is equal to or greater than the
denominator.
 Example: 5335
3. Mixed Number: A whole number combined with a proper fraction.
 Example: 214241

Operations on Fractions:

1. Addition and Subtraction:

 To add or subtract fractions, the denominators must be the same.
 If the denominators are different, find a common denominator before
performing the operation.
 Example: 13+23=33=1 31+32=33=1
2. Multiplication:
 To multiply fractions, multiply the numerators together and the
denominators together.
 Example: 23×34=61232×43=126
3. Division:
 To divide fractions, multiply the first fraction by the reciprocal of the
second fraction.
 Example: 23÷34=23×43=89 32÷43=32×34=98

Simplifying Fractions:

 To simplify a fraction, divide both the numerator and the denominator by their
greatest common divisor (GCD).
 Example: 612=6÷612÷6=12126=12÷66÷6=21
Equivalent Fractions:

 Fractions that represent the same value but are written in different forms.
 To find equivalent fractions, multiply or divide both the numerator and the
denominator by the same non-zero number.
 Example: 12=24=3621=42=63

Conclusion:

 Fractions are essential in mathematics and everyday life, representing parts of a

whole and ratios between quantities.
 Understanding how to perform operations on fractions and simplify them is
crucial for solving various mathematical problems.
 Mastery of fractions is foundational for more advanced mathematical concepts
such as algebra, calculus, and statistics.