Chapter 3

PSSR
Chapter 3
Hazardous operations onboard ships
Working aloft and

Watch-keeping operations in engine
room
chapter3/PSSR tohcs/apr2009/MA1072 1
Official (Closed), Non-Sensitive
1.12 Working Aloft

• Falling is a primary injury
 Injury can be serious or fatal
• Working over the shipside is also considered

as working aloft
Hazardous shipboard operations
Working aloft
• Shipboard operations where you may need
to work at heights are
 Painting bridge front bulkhead, masts, engine
room bulkheads and deck heads etc
 Cleaning and painting funnel
 Greasing, maintenance/repair of radar scanner,

crane/derrick blocks and wires etc
Painting Bridge Front
Working over the shipside
Hazards of working aloft

• These are
 Falling from height due to loss of balance, failure of
ropes etc
 Dropping tools and equipment on others
 Getting burns from hot surfaces (funnels etc)
 Exposed to toxic gas, hot gas, steam due to combustion,

incineration, soot blowing (exhaust)
Hazards of working aloft

• Other hazards of working aloft are
 Exposed to wind and cold
 Working on radar scanners (radiation hazards)
 Working on radio and satelite aerials (electrical

hazards)
Unauthorised working at heights

• Do not work near
radar scanners
Precautions to be taken when

working aloft Hazardous shipboard operations
• Give notice to relevant staff

 Inform duty engineer when you are working near the
funnel
 Inform bridge officer when you are working near the

radar scanners
 Inform bridge/radio officer when you are working near

radio/satellite aerials/domes
 Inform chief officer when you are working on deck

Equipment for working aloft

• These are
 Safety lines
 Wooden stages or bosun’s chairs
 Hooks and shackles
 Ladders, scaffoldings, etc
• These equipment should be stowed properly away

from paints and chemicals
 Must not be using for other purposes other than working
aloft (prevent abuse)
Procedures to be adopted
on use of equipment Hazardous shipboard operations
• Competent persons to carry out inspection

regularly on equipment for defects in ropes, wires
prior to use
• Rope knots, hitches and turns must be check

carefully to prevent slipping when in use
• Bosun’s chair must not be hoisted or lowered by

winch
• Ropes should not run over hot surfaces or sharp

edges
• Safety nets should be rigged whenever possible
• Working aloft should not be carried in bad weather
• Tools and materials should be passed in a bucket

and never thrown down from aloft
• Tools and equipment should be secured and not

placed on edge where they may fall
• Rigid ladders to be placed on a firm base
• Inexperienced persons under age of 18 should not

be sent to work over the shipside or work aloft
• Work over the shipside should not be carried out

when the ship is under way
• Life jacket should be worn where

applicable, especially working over the
shipside
• Life-buoys with heaving line and light must

be kept in readiness and in good condition
1.13 Engine Room Watchkeeping

and maintenance Hazardous shipboard operations
• Engine Room are made up of

 Main engine
 Generators or alternators
 Boilers
 Compressors
 Pumps
 Motors
 Electrical equipment
 Control room etc
Log-out and tagging equipment

• What is log-out?
‘Log-out’ is a term for isolating the power to
a machine so that it can no longer function.
• Why to you need to ‘tag’ an equipment?

To inform others that you or your men are
working on the machine.
Log-out and tagging equipment

• How do you ‘log-out’ an equipment?
 Pulling out fuse, locking cabinet, remove key
etc
 Tagging (indicating ‘man-at-work’ )
• These checks and procedures can be covered

using a checklist or ‘permit to work’ system
Logging Out
• It’s a law that you
 Must prevent accidental release of energy while
men are working on a machinery
Logging out
• It’s a law that you must prevent accidental
start-up of plant, machinery or equipment
when there this more than one party
involved
Logging out
• Who must know how to do the log-out?
Log-out
• Who must know how to do the log-out?
What knowledge is required?

• Ability to identify energy sources
• Correct method of isolating energy sources
• Know the correct application of lock-out

devices
5 steps in log-out
• Step 1 – Announce to others
5 steps in log-out
• Step 2 – Shut down equipment
5 steps in log-out
• Step 3 – disconnect all energy sources
5 steps in log-out
• Step 4 – Apply lock-out devices
5 steps in log-out
5. Check and verify once more
Main engine
Another view of main engine
Boiler (external)
Electrical switchboard
Generator
Steering gear
Engine Room Watchkeeping and

maintenance Engine room hazards
• Other equipment that may be located in the

engine room
 Steering gear
 Refrigeration machinery
 Hydraulic or pneumatic equipment
 Lead-acid batteries etc
Engine room hazards
Types of engine room injuries

• Burns from hot steam pipes, hot surfaces
• Head injuries through overhead obstructions

or falling objects
• Slip, trips and falls from oily/open floor

plate, protruding parts
Burns from hot steam pipes

• Valves may leak or open by mistake
Falling equipment
• What causes the
equipment to fall?
Slip, Trip or falls

• Watch out for oily staircases or floor plates
Hazards in the engine room

• Coming in contact with unguarded moving
machinery
 Grinder
 Flywheel
 Propeller shaft
Importance of good
Engine room hazards
housekeeping
• Good housekeeping practices
 Oil or water leaks must be attended to
immediately
 Oil spills should be cleaned immediately and
oil-stained lagging replaced
 Oily rags and cotton waste should be properly

disposed off in closed container and not left
lying around to ignite spontaneously
Engine room hazards
Good housekeeping practices

 Tools should be attended to during work, so that
they do not fall off from ledges or platforms
 Tools should be properly stowed after work
 Machinery guards should be in place and in

good condition
Good house keeping practices
Engine room hazards

 Opened-up machinery parts should be properly
lashed and secured during rough weather or
projected poor weather
 All parts of the engine room to be adequately

lighted
 Bilges should be kept clean and dry
Engine room hazards

 Floor plates should never be left opened unless
it is fenced and proper warning signs posted
 Access to fire-fighting equipment, escape

routes, emergency exits should not be
obstructed by stores or equipment
Engine room hazards
Safe working practices

• Besides from good housekeeping practices,
you must also adopt safe working practices
 Proper locking and tagging of machinery under

repair to prevent inadvertent starting
 Proper inspection of equipment used for lifting

to ensure they are in good working condition
Engine room hazards
Safe working practices

 Proper calibration of test equipment (e.g.
oxygen meters, explosimeter etc)
 Proper tests of enclosed spaces before entry
 Use of proper tools for the job and in the proper

way
Engine room hazards
Types of engine room injuries

• Hearing loss through constant exposure to
high decibel noise
• Hearing is life’s
important gift,
protect it.
Noise
• What is noise?
 Unpleasant sound
• Engineers are exposed to noise everyday

 Turbochargers
 Main engine
 Generators
 Pneumatic hammers / chisels etc
Noise
• What is required by law?
• Employer must
 Provide hearing protection
 Provide training and
education on noise
 Conduct noise monitoring
 Implement noise control
Noise
• Employees who are
exposed to excessive
noise must go for a
yearly audiometric
hearing test.
NID
• What is NID?
 Noise Induced Deafness
• It is partial or severe
hearing loss due to
prolonged exposure
to excessive noise
e.g. over a few years
Noise
• How much noise is considered as too much?
 Noise is measured in decibels (dB)
 You run the risk of hearing damage if you are

exposed to an average of 85 decibels or more on
an 8 hour work-day
Noise
• How much noise is considered as too much?
 When you need to shout in order to be heard
about 1 metre away. The noise level is probably
85dB(A) or more. Hearing protectors needed.
1 metre
Typical Sound Levels
Typical Sound Levels
Noise
• How does it affects your life?
 Speech of others sound
unclear or muffled,
sounding different
Noise
• How does noise affects your life?
 Permanent ringing in the ears.
Noise
• How does it affects your life?
 You ask people to speak
up and then complain that
they are shouting.
 Quality of life is reduced
Noise
• Hearing Protection
 Ear Plugs
• May be uncomfortable initially
 Wearing
• Pull your ears backward and
upwards
• Insert it with twisting motion
Noise
• Hearing Protection – Ear Muffs
 Earmuffs must fully
enclosed your ears
 Adjust headband to
allow even pressure
around the ears
Noise
• Hearing Evaluation
 Measured with audiometer
 Tones are sent to your ears
 When you barely hear the
tones that is you threshold
level
 Audiogram charts your
threshold for different
frequencies
Noise
• Hearing loss
occurs when
threshold
falls into
the shaded
area
• (Sound level must be

increased for you to
hear)
Noise – Normal Aging Effects
Noise – Aging plus Noise
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PSSR

Working aloft and

1.12 Working Aloft

• Working over the shipside is also considered

Hazardous shipboard operations

 Cleaning and painting funnel

 Greasing, maintenance/repair of radar scanner,

Painting Bridge Front

Working over the shipside

Hazardous shipboard operations

Hazards of working aloft

 Dropping tools and equipment on others

 Getting burns from hot surfaces (funnels etc)

 Exposed to toxic gas, hot gas, steam due to combustion,

Hazardous shipboard operations

Hazards of working aloft

 Exposed to wind and cold

 Working on radar scanners (radiation hazards)

 Working on radio and satelite aerials (electrical

Unauthorised working at heights

Precautions to be taken when

• Give notice to relevant staff

 Inform bridge officer when you are working near the

 Inform bridge/radio officer when you are working near

 Inform chief officer when you are working on deck

Hazardous shipboard operations

Equipment for working aloft

• These equipment should be stowed properly away

• Competent persons to carry out inspection

• Rope knots, hitches and turns must be check

• Bosun’s chair must not be hoisted or lowered by

• Ropes should not run over hot surfaces or sharp

• Safety nets should be rigged whenever possible

• Working aloft should not be carried in bad weather

• Tools and materials should be passed in a bucket

• Tools and equipment should be secured and not

• Rigid ladders to be placed on a firm base

• Inexperienced persons under age of 18 should not

• Work over the shipside should not be carried out

• Life jacket should be worn where

• Life-buoys with heaving line and light must

1.13 Engine Room Watchkeeping

• Engine Room are made up of

Log-out and tagging equipment

• Why to you need to ‘tag’ an equipment?

Hazardous shipboard operations

Log-out and tagging equipment

• These checks and procedures can be covered

What knowledge is required?

• Correct method of isolating energy sources

• Know the correct application of lock-out

Another view of main engine

Engine Room Watchkeeping and

• Other equipment that may be located in the

Engine room hazards

Types of engine room injuries

• Head injuries through overhead obstructions