Ch – Rural Administration

1. What is the work of the police?

Answer: Every police station works within a geographical area assigned to it. When there are
any cases of theft, accident, injury, fight etc., it is the responsibility of the police to investigate
and take action.The works of the police are:

 To maintain law and order.

 To investigate and take action on the cases register within its area.
 To provide safety and security to the general public.
 Listen to public complaints.

2. List two things that the work of a Patwari includes.

Answer: The two things that the work of a Patwari includes are :

 Measuring land and keeping land

records.
 To maintain and update the records of the village.

3. What is the work of a tehsildar?

Answer: The tehsildar or revenue officer is an important officer in a village. Following
are the work of a tehsildar:

 To hear the disputes related to land.

 To supervise the work of the Patwaris.
 To ensure that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected.
 To make sure that the farmers can easily obtain a copy of their record,
students can obtain their caste certificates etc.

4. What issue is the poem trying to raise? Do you think this is an important issue? Why?

Answer: The poem is trying to raise the issues of rights for a girl child. A girl should be
treated equally in society.There is a gender-based discrimination when it comes to the
case of inheritance of property.This is an important issue because women also work
equally in the farm. But they seldom get ownership of the farm. She should be given the
same right as a male child is given.

5.In what ways are the work of the Panchayat, that you read about in the previous
chapter, and the work of the Patwari related to each other?
Answer:
 Panchayat solve the land dispute but the Patwari keeps the land records and
land dispute record.
 Panchayat imply the tax and revenue but the Patwari organises the collection
of land revenue from the farmers and provide information to the government
about the crops grown in the area.
6. Visit a police station and find out the work that the police have to do to prevent crime
and maintain law and order in their area especially during festivals, public meetings etc.

Answer: During festivals and public meetings the police becomes more alert and takes
following actions to prevent crime and maintain law and order:
Police personnel are put on duty for proper crowd management.

 Presence of police also sets some fear in the mind of criminals and to control the
mob they barricade the area.
 Proper lighting and information booths help people if someone is separated from
family during religious festivals or public meetings

7. Who is in charge of all the police stations in a district? Find out.

Answer: In a district, the Superintendent of Police is in-charge of all the police stations.
Individual police stations have their own Station House Officers.

8. How do women benefit under the new law?

Answer: Under the new law, sons,daughters and their mothers can get an equal share
in the land on their ancestors’ property. This law will benefit a large number of
women.This law is a positive step towards bringing about gender equality in society.This
gives empowerment to the women.

9. In your neighborhood are there women who own property? How did they acquire it?

Answer: There are many women in my neighborhood who own property. Some of them
have got the property from their forefathers. Some others have bought the property with
their own labour and handwork.
Ch – Urban Administration

1. Why did the children go to Yasmin Khala’s house?

Answer :The children wanted to replace the street light, which was broken by them. Hence,
Rehana suggested that the children visit Yasmin Kala’s house to understand the procedures for
getting it replaced. Yasmin Kala lived in the same lane and had just retired from Municipal
Corporation.

2. List four ways in which the work of the Municipal Corporation affects the life of a
city-dweller.

Answer :

 Construction of roads, street lights, parks, etc.

 Disposal of garbage
 Maintenance of drainage system
 Supply of drinking water and electricity

3. Who is a Municipal Councillor?

Answer : He is an elected member of the committee of a municipal corporation.

4. What did Gangabai do and why?

Answer : She was protesting against the Ward councillor due to the lack of maintenance of
streets. The garbage was not being disposed of, and this was creating a menace in the locality
due to dogs, rats, flies and mosquitoes.

5. How does the Municipal Corporation earn the money to do its work?

Answer : They usually earn their money by imposing the following taxes.

 Education tax
 Tax on hotels and shops
 Movie tax
 House tax
Ch – Rural livelihood

1. You have probably noticed that people in Kalpattu are engaged in a variety of non-farm
work.
The various farm activities are listed below.

 Trading
 Blacksmith
 Making baskets and utensils.

2. List the different types of people you read about in Kalpattu who depend on farming.
Who is the poorest among them, and why?

Answer : Different types of people who depend on farming are given below.

 Landless farmers
 Small landowners
 Big landowners

Landless farmers are the poorest among them because their daily wage is very less, and they
have to depend on landowners for their farming job. Moreover, farming is a seasonal job; hence,
during the non-farming season, they have to go in search of other low-income jobs. Whenever
someone in the family falls ill, all their savings and earnings are lost.

3. Imagine you are a member of a fishing family, and you are discussing whether to take
a loan from the bank for an engine. What would you say?

Answer : The bank is a reliable source for a loan when compared to moneylenders.
Moneylenders often charge very high rates of interest, which could lead the family into a debt
trap.

4. Poor rural labourers like Thulasi often do not have access to good medical facilities,
good schools and other resources. You have read about inequality in the first unit of this
text. The difference between her and Ramalingam is one of inequality. Do you think this
is a fair situation? What do you think can be done? Discuss in class.

Answer : All are equal in the eyes of the Constitution. It is the duty of the government to provide
basic facilities.

5. What do you think the government can do to help farmers like Sekar when they get
into debt? Discuss.

Answer :

1. Provide subsidies for fertilisers and pesticides.

2. Provide low-interest loans.
3. Provide Minimum Support Price for crops.

Ch – Urban livelihood
Read and discuss the following description of the living conditions of workers who come
to the labour chowk. Most workers that we find at the labour chowk cannot afford
permanent accommodation, so they sleep on pavements near the chowk, or they pay Rs.
6 a night for a bed at a nearby night shelter run by the Municipal Corporation. To
compensate for the lack of security, local tea and cigarette shops function as banks,
moneylenders and safety lockers, all rolled into one. Most workers leave their tools at
these shops for the night for safekeeping and pass on any extra money to them. The
shopkeepers keep the money safe and also offer loans to labourers in need.

Answer :

1. Their living conditions are very poor – without any access to basic facilities like sanitation and drinking
water.
2. Due to the lack of basic facilities, they will be prone to many diseases.
3. As they live in poverty, they cannot access medical facilities.
4. They do not have permanent jobs.

What benefits does Sudha get along with her salary?

Answer :

She gets the following benefits along with her salary:

1. Access to medical facilities for her and her family

2. Access to facilities like Provident Fund
3. Her job is permanent and secured
4. She gets off on Government holidays and Sundays