The Basic of Understanding the History

PRIMARY SOURCES
- This is the original source of the object or document
- First Hand Information
- Material written or produced during the time of the period of investigating Ex.
Artifacts, materials, and documents that were used or personally came from the
subject are called primary sources.

- The primary Sources enable the researchers to get as close as possible to what really
happened during significant historical events.
- it is our way of getting the original information, unadulterated and unfiltered
information about a certain historical topic or historical research.

1. Diaries
2. Journal
3. Autobiography - it is the written story by the person na pinagaaralan natin. Ie.
President, Popular Actor, Political Personality
4. Speeches
5. Birth Certificate
6. Government Records
7. Titulo ng lupa
8. Military Records
9. Pieces of Arts ex. The art of creation of Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo as part of our
history. 10. Pictures
11. Videos
12. Letters ex. Military

SECONDARY SOURCES
- After the Fact
- Something that was written after the event happened
- Primacy Sources we wrote about
- Product of Studying about Primary Sources
- 2nd hand information

1. Biography - The life of a person was written by another

2. Textbooks
3. Encyclopaedia
4. History books

Both have advantages and disadvantages PS - Makikita natin yung questions of bias,
purpose, and point of view. Unfiltered, vague intentions yung writer about sa PS.
PS- often incomplete. Use your knowledge, questionning and making differences in
materials.

Matrabaho ang pagkolekta, paggawa at pag interpret ng PS - Not all PS are available
in general public
Secondary Sources can provide analysis, synthesis and interpretation evaluation of
gathered information. But subject to bias of the author.
- How author understand
- how different perspective layout
- to look over to the primary sources and to those who interpret sa Secondary sources
Disadvantages SC
- Hindi natin pwede masabi na ito ay first hand knowledge. May pagkakataon na mali
rin yung content. May error
Internal Criticism - chinecheck naman yung nilalaman ng source kung may
kasinungalingan ba o wala
External Criticism- Tinetest natin dun yung authenticity ng sources
REPOSITORIES OF PRIMARY SOURCES AND SECONDARY SOURCES
Published Documents
– #1 na pinagkukuhanan ng primary sources dumaan sa examination at checking -
Open for public for viewing
Unpublished Documents –
- Private Citizen or Private Collector
– Collector of History ex. Barya, babasahin, dyaryo
– Magandang source ng primary sources, mahirap nga lang hanapin kasi pribado yung
may ari unless kung payagan tayo
Primary Sources - pwedeng unwritten, pwedeng gamit ex. Artifacts, fossils etc.
Oral Traditions - kasaysayang na hindi nasusulat subalit salin-bibig lamang from
generation to another generation
- mababa ang validity at authenticity ang oral history subalit kung unavailable ang
written history cinoconsider na rin ang oral tradition pero may mga pamamaraan para
mavalidate ito.
- Tinatanggap as primary sources dahil nanggaling ito sa mga tao na witness or
experience ng pass pero finafact check pa ito. - Test for Reliabilty, Being evaluate to
become primary sources
1. The National Archives of the Philippines
- Noong wala pa ang NAP, National Museum at National Library ang nagtatabi. Ginawa
ang NAP dahil hindi na kasya.
- Survived from the past na nakalap ng government
2. The National Library of the Philippines
- Old Thesis, old data
- The Noli Me Tangere are in the vault
3. The National Museum of the Philippines
-National Planetarium