Line weights are used to distinguish different elements and convey depth and hierarchy.

Common conventions for Line weights:

1. Thick Lines: Thick lines are typically used for major structural elements such as walls, columns, and major structural elements. These lines help define the
overall form and mass of the building. In plans, thick lines are often used for exterior walls, while in elevations, they may represent prominent features such as
building outlines.
2. Medium Lines: Medium-weight lines are used for secondary elements such as doors, windows, and interior walls. These lines help provide detail without
overwhelming the drawing. In plans, medium lines may be used for interior walls, while in elevations, they can delineate fenestration and other architectural
details.
3. Thin Lines: Thin lines are used for minor details, such as fixtures, furniture, and annotations. These lines add clarity to the drawing without overpowering the
main elements. In plans, thin lines may represent furniture layouts or fixtures such as sinks and toilets, while in elevations, they can indicate smaller architectural
features.
4. Hierarchy: Establish a clear hierarchy of line weights to guide the viewer's eye and emphasize important elements. Major structural elements should have the
thickest lines, followed by secondary elements and minor details.
5. Layering: Use layering techniques to differentiate between elements that overlap or intersect. For example, if a window is set into a wall, use a thicker line
weight for the wall and a thinner line weight for the window frame to indicate the relationship between the two elements.
6. Annotation: Use a consistent line weight for annotations, such as dimensions, labels, and notes. This helps ensure that annotations are clearly legible without
overpowering the main elements of the drawing.
Basic Line Types and Name according to Application
Visible Line: represent features that can be seen in
the current view
Dimension/Extension/Leader Line: indicate the
sizes and location of features
Hidden Line: represent features that cannot be seen
in the current view
Center Line: represents symmetry, path of motion,
center of circles, axis of axisymmetric parts.
Visible Lines
- Dark, heavy lines.
- Used to represent the outline or contour of the object being drawn.
- Define features in a particular view.

Hidden Lines
- Light, narrow, short, dashed lines
- Shows the outline of a feature that cannot be seen in a particular view

Section Lines
- Thin Line usually drawn at a 45-degree angle
- Indicates the material that has been cut through in a sectional view.

Center Lines
- Thin line consisting of alternating long and short dashes
- Used to represent the center of a round or cylindrical features, or the symmetry of a feature.
Dimension Lines
- Thin lines capped on the ends with arrowheads.
- They indicate measurements of the featured
object.
-

Cutting Plane Line

- Thick broken line that is terminated with a short 90-defree arrowheads.
- Shows where a part is mentally cut in half to better see the interior detail.

Break Lines
- Used to break out sections for clarity or for shortening a part.
3 Types of Break Lines:
1. Short Break Line
- Thick wavy line
- Used to break the edge of surface of a part for clarity of a hidden surface.
-
2. Long Break Line
- Long, thin lines.
- Used to show that the middle section of an object has been removed so it can be drawn on a smaller
piece of paper.

3. Cylindrical Break Line

- Thin lines
- Used to show round parts that are broken in half.
Architectural Lettering, Rules and Proportion Conventions
Principles of Advanced Presentation Drawing
1. Clarity and Simplicity - Effective presentations should convey information clearly and concisely. Avoid clutter and unnecessary complexity in your visuals.
Use clean lines, unambiguous symbols, and a straightforward layout to ensure that the audience can quickly grasp the message.
2. Hierarchy and Emphasis - Organize your visual elements to establish a clear hierarchy of information. Use visual cues such as size, color, contrast, and
typography to emphasize key points or elements. The most important information should stand out.
3. Consistency - Maintain a consistent visual style throughout your presentation. This includes using a cohesive color palette, font choices, and design
elements. Consistency helps create a professional and polished look.
4. Balance and Composition - Create a balanced composition by distributing visual elements evenly across the canvas or screen. Balance can be achieved
through symmetry or asymmetry, depending on the desired effect. Use the rule of thirds, the golden ratio, or other compositional guidelines to create pleasing
layouts.
The "Rule of Thirds" is a fundamental guideline in photography, visual art, and design that helps to create balanced and visually appealing compositions.
Golden Ratio: The golden ratio, often represented by the Greek letter Phi (φ), is a mathematical constant that appears in various aspects of art, architecture, and
nature. It's approximately equal to 1.61803398875.
5. Typography – Pay careful attention to typography. Choose fonts that are legible and appropriate for the content. Use font sizes and styles to convey hierarchy
and importance. Avoid excessive use of decorative fonts that may distract from the message.
Font styles commonly used in presentation drawings:
1. Sans-serif Fonts:
Sans-serif fonts are often recommended for presentations because of their clean and modern appearance. They lack the small strokes (serifs) at the end of characters,
making them more legible on screens and projectors.
Common sans-serif fonts include:
Arial and Calibri
2. Serif Fonts (for Printed Materials)
If your presentation drawings are intended for print or if you want to convey a more formal or traditional tone, you might consider using serif fonts. Serif fonts have
small decorative strokes at the end of characters, which can add a touch of elegance.
Common serif fonts include:
Times New Roman, Georgia and Garamond
3. Display Fonts (for Headings or Emphasis)
To make headings or key points stand out, you can use display fonts. These fonts are often more decorative and can add visual interest. However, they should be
used sparingly to avoid overwhelming the viewer.
Some examples of display fonts are:
Impact, Playfair Display and Lobster
4. Monospace Fonts (for Code or Data)
If you need to present code snippets or data tables, monospace fonts can be helpful. Each character in a monospace font takes up the same amount of horizontal
space, making it easier to align text.
Common monospace fonts include:
Courier New and Consolas