GLOBAL POPULATION AND MOBILITY

GLOBAL CITY- is an urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that
serves as a hub within a globalized economic system.

Example of global cities

New York
London
Tokyo

Characteristics of Global City

• Seats of Economic Power
• Centers of Authority
• Centers of Political Influence
• Centers of Higher learning and Culture
• Economic Opportunities
• Economic Competitiveness

Relationship between Cities and Globalization

Cities are the engines of globalization. They are social magnets, growing faster and faster. In
the current generation, urban life has become the dominant form of human life throughout the
world. An increasing number of large cities, with populations of over five million, are already
identified as global cities, cities that are nodes of global as much as national networks.

Global Demography
The term demography was derived from the Greek words demos for “population” and graphia
for “description” or “writing,” thus the phrase, “writings about population

• refers to the study of populations, with reference to size and density, fertility, mortality, growth,
age distribution, migration, and vital statistics and the interaction of all these with social and
economic conditions”.

5 stages of Demographic Transition

Global migration is a situation in which people go to live in foreign countries especially to find a
job

Types of Migration
Internal migration
This refers to people moving from one area to another within one country
International migration
This refers to the movement people who cross the borders of one country to another
Migration are divided into 5 groups
Immigrants are those who move permanently to another country

Workers who stay in another country for a fixed period (at least 6 months in a year).

Illegal immigrants comprise the third group,

Migrants whose families have “petitioned” them to move to the destination country.

Refugees (also known as assylum-seekers), i.e., those “unable orunwilling to return because of
a well-founded fear of persecution on acccount of race,
religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. “

Reasons for Migration

1. Cultural Factor
2. Socio-political Factor
3. Environmental Factor
4. Economic Factor

Cultural Factor
Forced international migration has historically occurred for two main cultural reasons: slavery
and political instability. Millions of people were shipped to other countries as slaves or as
prisoners, especially from Africa to the Western Hemisphere, during the eighteenth and early
nineteenth centuries.

Socio-political Facto
Situation of war, oppression and the lack of socio-political rights are the major factors of
migration in contemporary time

Environmental Factor
Environmental migrants are persons or groups of persons who, for compelling reasons of
sudden or progressive changes in the environment that adversely affect their
lives or living conditions, are obliged to leave their habitual homes, or choose to do so,
either temporarily or permanently, and who move either within their country or abroad

Economic Factors
Migration is a process affecting individuals and their families economically.

TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE WORLD

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

climate change is often seen as a part of the broader challenge in sustainable development
thru a two-fold link:

1. Impacts of climate change can severely hamper development efforts in key sectors.
2. Development choice will influence the capacity to mitigate and adapt to climate change

So what is the action plan of the world?

UN’S 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Member States express their commitment to protect the planet from degradation and take
urgent action on climate change.
The Agenda also identifies, in its paragraph 14, climate change as “one of the greatest
challenges of our time” and worries about “its adverse impacts undermine the ability of all
countries to achieve sustainable development. Increases in global temperature, sea level rise,
ocean acidification and other climate change impacts are seriously affecting coastal areas and
low-lying coastal countries, including many least developed countries and Small Island
Developing States.

GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY

Food security exists when all people, at all times, have access to adequate, safe, and
nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
Global food security means delivering sufficient food to the entire world population.

4 DIMENSIONS OF FOOD SECURITY

1. Food access: access to adequate resources to acquire a healthy and nutritious diet

2. Food use: use of food through adequate diet, clean water and health care to reach the state
of a healthy well-being.

3. Availability: availability of adequate supply of food, produced either through domestic or

foreign import, including as well the food aid received from outside the country

4. Stability: access to sufficient food at all times, without losing access to food supply brought
by either economic or climatic crisis

CHALLENGES IN FOOD SECURITY

DEMAND FOR FOOD
Demand for food will be 60% greater than it is today and the challenge of food security requires
the world to feed 9 billion people by 2050.
DESTRUCTION OF NATURAL HABITAT
A major environmental problem is the destruction of natural habitats, particularly through
deforestation
Industrial fishing has contributed to a significant destruction of marine life and ecosystems.
DECLINE OF FRESHWATER
The poorest areas of the globe experience a disproportionate share of water-related
problems. The problem is further intensified by the consumption of “virtual water”,
wherein people use up water from elsewhere to produce consumer products.

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
Pollution through toxic chemicals had a long-term impact on the environment. The
use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have led to significant industrial pollution.

GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
Citizenship is an allegiance to one’s own country or state.

Global Citizenship is the idea that, as people, we are all citizens of the globe who have an
equal responsibility for what happens on, and to our world.

Citizenship can thus be associated with rights and obligations. For instance, the right to vote
and the obligation to pay taxes. Both rights and obligations link the individual to the state.

As a moral and ethical disposition that can guide the understanding of individuals or groups of
local and global contexts, and remind them of their relative responsibilities within various
communities.

Salient Features of Global Citizenship

● Global citizenship as a choice and a way of thinking
● Global citizenship as self-awareness and awareness of others
● Global citizenship as they practice cultural empathy
● Global citizenship as the cultivation of principled decision making

Global citizenship as a choice and a way of thinking

People come to consider themselves as global citizens through various formative life
experiences and have different interpretations of what it means to them.

Global citizenship as self-awareness and awareness of others

Self-awareness helps students identify with the universalities of human experience, thus
increasing their identification with fellow human beings and their sense of responsibility toward
them.

Global citizenship as they practice cultural empathy

Cultural empathy or intercultural competence is commonly articulated as a goal of global
education. Intercultural competence occupies a central position in higher education’s thinking
about global citizenship and is seen as an important skill in the workplace.

Global citizenship as the cultivation of principled decision making

Global citizenship entails an awareness of the interdependence of individuals and systems as
well as a sense of responsibility that follows from it.

Global citizenship as participation in the social and political life of one’s community
There are various types of communities that range from local to global, from religious to
political group. Global citizens feel a sense of connection towards their communities and
translate this connection to participation.

Global citizenship and its relationship to globalization

GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP

Global Governance
Like globalization, resistance to globalization is multiple, complex, contradictory, and
ambiguous. This movement also has the potential to emerge as the new public sphere, which
may uphold progressive values such as autonomy, democracy, peace,ecological sustainability,
and social justice.

Globalization
We must remember that globalization is not a single phenomenon; rather, there are many
globalizations. They are bound to be multiple futures for multiple globalizations. These
globalizations created enemies because according to one broad view, globalization failed to
deliver its promises. the enemiesresist globalization, especially when it comes to global
economy and global governance

Global Economy
There are three approaches to global economic resistance. Trade protectionism involves the
systematic government intervention in foreign trade through tariffs and nontariff barriers in order
to encourage domestic producers and deter their foreign competitors