Artificial Intelligence Enhanced Signal Processing in
Low-Profile Wearable Wideband Antenna for Future
2023 3rd International conference on Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing (AISP) | 979-8-3503-2074-9/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/AISP57993.2023.10135066
5G Wireless communications
Vanitha Rani Rentapalli
School of Electronics Engineering
VIT-AP University
Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Vanitha.22PHD7008@vitap.ac.in
Abstract
Artificial intelligence-based communication is the new
technological tool, that is going to apply for signal processing
techniques gives the main consociate to implement any type of
applications. The antenna that needs to be designed for 5G
wireless networks need to attain broad concepts over broadband
artificial technology and its structural formations for all kinds of
wearable antenna developments. Moreover, the artificial
intelligent technology was recently admitted in communications to
work with real modern technology concepts to resolve the
unknown and hidden data related to innovative communication
systems. AI could apparently handle all kinds of scientific signal
processing problems in a data determined manner, to enhance the
inherent characteristics to extract the real data. Hence the AI is
particularly suitable for signal processing communications over
advanced technical networks, hardware impairments and other
dynamic transmissions. In this paper we are going to present over
the key features of artificial intelligence sensing techniques, and
how the intelligent processing features helps us to design the 5G
wireless technology for advanced wearable antenna designs. The
simulation results depict that how the 5G technology gives its
performance characteristics over the data transmission.
Key words- AI, SP, 5G, Wearable antenna
I INTRODUCTION
The Artificial Intelligence techniques are the most inventible
creature over the past to latest technology. It has capable to map
nonlinear methodologies that were caused by any complicated
scenarios. Moreover, these techniques are used for the areas of
image recognition, speech validation, computer technologies
and other complex data processing techniques. The heart of the
present technology development is the signal processing, by
using AI with signal processing concepts help us to resolve any
kind of technical formulations.[1] Hence the AI along with
signal processing became the part of innovative system design
principles. The most existing surveys over past decades mainly
focus on integration conceptualizations over signal processing
techniques. The channel acquainted problems are the routine
difficulties that arise in the development of communications
systems. The AI performs its function like a channel adapter,
Authorized licensed use limited to: Mukesh Patel School of Technology & Engineering. Downloaded on February 25,2024 at 10:06:37 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Dr. Bappadittya Roy
School of Electronics Engineering
VIT-AP University
Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
bappadittya.roy@vitap.ac.in
and requisites to make the necessary operations on each and
every block of the communications system to attain particular
function in a systematic way.[2] The demand for the secured
wireless communication techniques along with low latency is
the fast-progressing AI communication system for emerging of
commercial and business applications. This AI helps to the next
generation 5G wireless communication for potential support of
high data transfer, that would be needed for the attention of the
researchers, academia and the industry. The 5G high speed data
transfer enforces the unexpected demands for the designing of
antennas related to operate at high frequency data rates with
wide bandwidth, smaller size and thinner form factors.[3]
The Wearable antennas are the key elements for wireless
communication implementations with their attractive features
such as flexibility, high gain, compact and ease of integration
that all could be implemented in the comfort zones. Whatever
the antenna that need to be designed with AI for particular
application outlines the overall performance of any advanced
system, with this the wearable antenna prevents the dielectric
impairments that cause at the time of operation.[4] In this paper
we are going to present the performance of a wearable antenna
for 5G networking system with the modern concepts over the
artificial intelligence applying techniques. The impedance
transformation technique is used for the impedance matching
between the designed microstrip wearable antenna along with
the input port. The wearable antenna for 5G communications
along with the wide bandwidth high again applications have
been discussed with the help of performance implementation
techniques.[5] The design and performance of the artificial
intelligence signal processing over wearable antenna is
presented in Section I. Section II investigates the performance
of the antenna as well as the impact of 5G communications on
antenna for determining its significance based on its AI basic
operating methods. Wearable antenna designing principles
along with spectrum formations mentioned in section III,
Measurement setup and its results on antenna design are
illustrated in Section IV. Design challenges are mentioned in
Section V and finally conclusion provided in section VI.
 II AI ASSISTED FEATURES OF SENSING
A Signal Processing
The performance of the wireless communications would be
analyzed with the complex signal processing issues, those
would arise in channel acquisition, resource scheduling and
beamforming technical designs. The AI sensing is used to get
the localized or images of the objectives with the necessities of
wearable antenna intelligent systems to process the data with
signal processing techniques. The channel acquisition is usually
obtaining the cascaded channels considerably single or
reconfigurable MIMO based as per the 5G technology-based
transmissions that are obtained to connect with an antenna is as
shown in Fig.1.[6]
The channel state information defines the critical performance
of a channel for subsequent beamforming designs. The
beamforming technique is the very essential factor where the
phase shift of an antenna needs to be controlled by the adjusting
of the reflected beam, it would remind as a key issue for the
designing of the wireless system. Moreover, the resource
scheduling would give the information about the power handing
capability of a signal processing wireless system, [7]
The main function of AI is to coordinate the functioning of
signal processor along with antenna performance factors for the
desirable features to coordinate the entire system in a
systematic way. As per the guidelines from the processor the
antenna needs to radiate the energy in a particular direction
projected by the entire system, the AI stability functions depict
the perfect variations of an antenna in the system.[8]
B AI Assisted channel acquisition
The main function of AI based system application is to obtain
the perfect stability for all the connected parts of the system
along with signal processor. The signal from the transmitter
transmits through the channel depends on cascaded or
individual ones. The typical function of the AI is to adapt
multipoint transmissions in an authentic manner with the
features of the selected blocks in the design. The selection of
access points for the reconfigurable functions of an antenna
generally improves the accuracy and robustness with the large
time consumption. The selecting of antenna features could
retain the accuracy in a specified manner for the multipoint
signal processing methods in channel acquisition methods. The
AI performance on the signal processing techniques enhances
the quality of the signal that is transmitting through the channel.
Authorized licensed use limited to: Mukesh Patel School of Technology & Engineering. Downloaded on February 25,2024 at 10:06:37 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Figure. 1 Features of AI with reconfigurable
intelligent scheduling of an antenna [2]
The signal processor along with AI technique help us to assess
the channel quality as given in Fig.2, and fill the deviating
portion of data that is transmitting from a transmitter through
the channel. There are so many kinds of channel sensing, the
first and the most important sensing we need to remember is the
image sensing. The quality of sensing of an artificial
intelligence operated system gives the correct guidelines to
future 5G network.[9] The network parameters that would
detect the required data signal based on the information that
would obtain from the AI technique of a signal processor.
The estimated functional quality of future wireless 5G
communication system mainly depends on the sensor data that
would arrive from signal processor of a transmitted data with
perfect AI information. [10] The channel protection and its
scheduling time mainly depends on how the AI assisted for
channel acquisition to implement any kind of future
developmental systems for high degree of accuracy. Designing
of an antenna with AI assisted channel data gives perfect vision
about the operation of future wireless 5G network system, The
results that have been shown for the 5G network operation at
38GHz depicts that how a transmitted signal reach to the
receiver without any channel discrepancy problem with
advanced AI technical techniques.[11] The elongation of the
selected feature of the signal processor enlightens the quality of
propagation standards by using the AI technical guidelines on
the selected channel parameters. The propagation of the AI
along with design parameters in connection with the acquired
channel sensing techniques are selected for the processing of
 AI Sensing and channel acquisition in RIS communications
Sensing Channel acquisition
Localization Direct Estimation
Target

Objects Estimating at the RIS

Estimating at the terminals
Image-based Sensing
Channel Prediction in Mobility Scenarios
Target
position Model
blocks Parameters

Scheduled
route
Observed Unobserved Prediction Extrapolation
Aim object

Figure 2. The AI sensing techniques for wireless communications [2]

position channel acquisition to enhance the accuracy for the elements not only increase the gain of the antenna but also the
signal power technique. But the power samples are processed impedance matching across the given bandwidth. But for the
to produce the high-resolution images for the propagation further matching the impedance transformer should balance
environment.[12] with the impedance matching of an antenna. [15]

III ANTENNA DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE

EVALUATION FOR 5G NETWORKS
Wireless communications have been widely spreaded, human
want high speed and high data rate when they are fully mobile.
The 5G network communications having the high-speed data
rate along with wider bandwidth for proper transmission. [13]
Whatever the antennas that are going to be designed should be
operate at 5G mobile broadband network as shown in Fig. 3 and
4 and its design parameters shown in table 1. The tasks that are
obtained with 5G networks should be easily resolved with high
inextensible artificial intelligent techniques. AI is the basic
required tool that would be designed to solve the problems
related to signal processing and other wireless communication
technologies based on 5G networks. [14] 5G technology uses
desired antenna designing parameters with the adequate
bandwidth considerations. The designing of 5G network
antenna plays an important role for the special dimensional Figure. 3 Design of wearable microstrip patch antenna for 5G
signal processing algorithms. The wearable antenna consists of
the microstrip patches as the radiating elements that are linked
up in series with the phase shift of 180 degrees to provide the
folded phase shift sections. In this paper the antenna design is
operated at 38GHz for wearable microstrip antenna for the
lengths are considered at lower and upper ends of the
frequencies. It has been demonstrated that the increasing the
number of patches results the increasing the necessary absolute
gain. The gain that would obtain is having 180 degrees phase
shift mainly contributes the required radiation pattern. It was
cleared from this study that increasing of number of radiating
elements improves performance. The performance of the
antenna before design, its characteristics are mainly depending Figure. 4.The 3-D polar gain plot at 38 GHz
on signal processing techniques and AI design implementations

Authorized licensed use limited to: Mukesh Patel School of Technology & Engineering. Downloaded on February 25,2024 at 10:06:37 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Ls Ws Hp Hs Lf Wf Lp Wp Frequency
6.2mm 7.4mm 0.035mm 1mm 3.5mm 0.75mm 3.5mm 2.5mm 38 GHz

Table 1. Antenna design parameters of microstrip patch antenna

Figure. 5 The S plot for the wearable rectangular microstrip patch antenna at Figure. 6 The VSWR plot for the wearable rectangular microstrip patch
38GHz for 5G communications antenna at 38GHz for 5G communications

Figure. 7 The Gain plot for the wearable rectangular microstrip patch antenna at 38GHz for 5G communications

IV SIMULATION RESULTS
The simulation S parameter of the wearable antenna exhibits
the frequency shift of 15MHz from its higher band. The
bandwidth is about to measure at 38 GHz can increase the
variations of the radiation pattern of the E and H plane. The
results that have been shown that the antenna with perfect
omnidirectional radiation pattern with perfect polarization
could influence the measurements of the system.[16] The
results of a far field wearable antenna could have the band width
at 5G communications is around 38GHz having the adequate
gain, which is the desirable band for the perfect operation of an
antenna. The specific absorption rate of an antenna should not
exceed 1.6w/Kg. If the antenna is operating at 1W the SAR
should be at 215.7W/Kg at 38GHz, with this the power rating
would be decreased to 7.42mW. As per the simulation results,
we could predict that the wearable antenna can achieve
satisfactory bandwidth varying response for its S parameter,
VSWR and Gain for 5G network has been shown in Fig.5,6 and
7. The variations that got exhibited having the obvious
advantage to rise the impedance matching over the other
antennas.[17]
V DESIGN CHALLENGES
To design any circuit or a system we need to follow the system
design principles. After getting clear idea about a particular
design, we need to start doing research on related topic. Now a
days publishers are putting more concentration on real research,
if they would try to do something unusual on real lively
research, people are having so many natural resources
regarding particular areas. [18] We need to inculcate the hidden

Authorized licensed use limited to: Mukesh Patel School of Technology & Engineering. Downloaded on February 25,2024 at 10:06:37 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 talents of ourself to recreate the natural data that exist in real
scenario. AI is an Important tool to develop and implement so
many unknown technology techniques, but based on our
scientific resources first we need to discover the problem in the
AI area, and need to start the implementing of an application.
At present the required content for AI is insufficient to move
scientifically in a particular direction, research on latest trends
and developments along with specified knowledge on AI gives
perfect results. The future 5G technology needed scientific
nature of a human could create un-imaginable developments in
scientific technology.[19] Moreover, in our electronics we are
having infinite number of circuits, each and every circuit is
different in different way. The selection of a circuit and system
for a particular AI application plays major role for the
innovative development.[20] Innovative designs could create
from human brains and their thinking levels along with
scientific technical facts, gives us perfect knowledge about the
research on a specific area. Humans are facing different
difficulties for the development of research due to certain
conditions, but by proper observations and team work with
similar thought followers could get clear results on particular
AI selected areas.
VI CONCLUSION
In this paper the recent advances in the research on the
integration of AI along with Signal Processor communications
have been described and all the processor techniques were
compared. AI could achieve a high degree of operation in all
the aspects of the SP and 5G communications, such as mental
sensing, channel acquisition, the beamform design and resource
scheduling. The proper design of a communication signal
processor with AI technology exhibits the required antenna
parameters. A low-profile antenna with omni directional
vertical linear polarization is presented. The radiation pattern
along with polarization characteristics are achieved by the
proper operation of a patch in the system. The overall field
distribution would be monitored to make the suitable operation
for wearable antenna integration.
REFERENCES
[1] Shun Zhang, Muye Li, Mengnan Jian, Yajun Zhao, Feifei Gao,
“Artificial Intelligence Enhanced Signal Processing in
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Communications”, State Key
Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University,
Xi’an 710071, China, 2021.
[2] Desdina Kof ve Ali Arsal, Sistem Mühendislig˘I, “An Artificial
Intelligence Based Efficient Digital Predistortion Method for 5G
NR Communication Systems” IEEE 29th signal processing and
communications application (SIUI), 978-1-6654-3649-6,2021.
[3] C. Huang, Z. Yang, et al., “Multi-hop ris-empowered ter- ahertz
communications: A drl-based hybrid beamforming design,” IEEE
Journal on Selected Areas in Communica- tions, vol. 39, no. 6, pp.
1663–1677.2021.
[4] S. Liu, Z. Gao, et al., “Deep denoising neural network as- sisted
compressive channel estimation for mmwave intelli- gent reflecting
surfaces,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no.
8, pp. 9223–9228,2020.
[5] Xiqing liv, Dongsheng Fu, Bin Fu, “5G core network frame work
based on Artificial Intelligence, IEEE International conference on
parallel and distributed processing with applications,2020
Authorized licensed use limited to: Mukesh Patel School of Technology & Engineering. Downloaded on February 25,2024 at 10:06:37 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
[6] Li Ren, “Application of machine learning and artificial intelligence
of information processing of community E-commerce, A case study
in 5G environment” IEEE International signal processing,
communications and engineering management conference
(ISPCEM),2020.
[7] Chunxu Mao, Mohsen Khalily, Vikranthi Singh, and pei Xiao,
“Low profile vertically polarized wearable antenna with omni
directional radiation” IEEE International symposium on antennas
and propagation and North American radio science meeting, 978-1-
7281-6670-4, 2020.
[8] Milad Mirzaee, and Negar Tavassolian, “Low profile wearable wide
band antenna with high gain based on franklyn array for future 5G
wireless body area networks” IEEE international symposium on
antennas and propagation and north American radio science
meeting, 978-1-7281-6670-4,2020.
[9] Yi Liu; Xingliang Yuan; Zehui Xiong; Jiawen Kang; Xiaofei Wang;
Dusit Niyato, “ Federated Learning for 6G communications,
challenges, methods, and future directions”, IEEE covers innovative
technologies and systems in the broad field of Information-
Communication Technology (ICT), 2020.
[10] B. Di, H. Zhang, et al., “Practical hybrid beamforming with finite-
resolution phase shifters for reconfigurable intelligent surface based
multi-user communications,” IEEE Transac- tions on Vehicular
Technology, vol. 69, no. 4,pp. 4565–4570,2020.
[11] Purna B. Samal; Ping Jack Soh; Zahriladha Zakaria, “Compact and
wearable microstrip based textile antenna with full ground plane
designed for WBAN-UWB 802.15.6 application”, 13th European
Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2019.
[12] Srijita Chakraborty; Mrinmoy Chakraborty; Narendra Nath Pathak,
“ Transition of wideband to dual band CPW fed rectangular
wearable microstrip antenna implementation of WBAN”, 3rd
International Conference on Electronics, Materials Engineering &
Nano-Technology (IEMENTech), 2019.
[13] C. Huang, A. Zappone, et al., “Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
for energy efficiency in wireless communication,” IEEE
Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 18, no. 8, pp.
4157–4170. 2019.
[14] Y. Chen, D. Chen, et al., “Channel-covariance and angle- of-
departure aided hybrid precoding for wideband multiuser millimeter
wave mimo systems,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.
67, no. 12, pp. 8315–8328, 2019.
[15] Mohammad Vatankhah Varnoosfaderani, David V. Thiel; Junwei
Lu, “A wideband capacitively fed suspended plate antenna for
wearable wireless sensors”, International Symposium on Antennas
and Propagation (ISAP), 2019.
[16] Lin Zhang; Ying-Chang Liang; Dusit Niyato, “6G visions mobile
ultra-broadband, super internet of things and artificial intelligence”,
innovative technologies and systems in the broad field of
Information- Communication Technology (ICT), 2019.
[17] Y. Hong, J. Tak, and J. Choi, “An all-textile SIW cavity-backed
circular ring-slot antenna for WBAN applications,” IEEE
AntennasWireless Propag. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 1995-1998, 2016.
[18] A. Paraskevopoulos, D. S. Fonseca, R. D. Seager, W. G. Whittow,
J.C Vardaxoglou, and A. A. Alexandridis, “Higher-mode textile
patch antenna with embroidered vias for on-body
communication,”IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 10, no. 7, pp.
802-807, Jul. 2016.
[19] 19. S. F. Jilani and A. Alomainy, “Millimeter-wave conformal
antenna array for 5G wireless applications,” in IEEE International
Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National
Radio Science Meeting, pp. 1439-1440, 2016.
[20] 20. M. Agiwal, A. Roy and N. Saxena, “Next generation 5G
wireless networks: A comprehensive survey,” in IEEE
Communications Surveys& Tutorials, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1617-1655,
thirdquarter 2016.