College of Professional and Continuing Education (CPCE), an affiliate of PolyU

THE HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

HONG KONG COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Subject Title : Human Physiology Subject Code : SEHH2320

Session : Semester Two, 2022/23 Time : 16:00 – 18:00

Date : 13 May 2023 Time Allowed : 2 Hours

Subject : Dr Flora KW SIU

Examiner(s) Mr Ivan MA

This question paper has a total of TEN pages (including this covering page).

Instructions to Candidates:

1. There are THREE sections in this paper.

Section A (30%) – Multiple-choice Questions. Answer ALL questions in this section on the
multiple-choice answer sheet provided. Each question carries 1 mark.
Section B (50%) – Short Questions. Answer any FIVE out of the SIX questions in this
section in the answer book provided. Each question carries 10 marks. If
you answer more than five questions, only the first five attempted
questions will be marked. Indicate in your answer book clearly and
correctly which five questions you are attempting.
Section C (20%) – Compulsory Question. Answer the question in this section in the answer
book provided. This question carries 20 marks.
2. Please indicate the section and question number clearly and correctly in the answer book.
3. Electronic calculators, including programmable calculators, may be used provided that the
calculators are battery powered, silent in operation, with neither printout nor graphic / word
display facilities and do not use dot-matrix technology in the main display. All programmes
stored in the calculator should have been cleared. Other electronic devices with graphic/
word-display facilities (such as databank watches) are not permitted.
4. Start a new page for the answer of each question of Section B & C.

Authorised Materials:
YES NO
CALCULATOR [✓] [ ]
(All programmes stored should be cleared.)
SPECIFICALLY PERMITTED ITEMS [ ] [✓]

DO NOT TURN OVER THE PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

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 College of Professional and Continuing Education (CPCE), an affiliate of PolyU

Section B (50%) – Short Questions

Answer any FIVE out of the SIX questions in this section in the answer book provided.
Each question carries 10 marks. If you answer more than five questions, only the first five
attempted questions will be marked. Indicate in your answer book clearly and correctly
which five questions you are attempting.

Question B1

Nervous system consists of both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system
(PNS). Cerebrum is an integral and important part of CNS. On the other hand, the autonomic
nervous system (ANS), which is a part of PNS, is specifically important in coping with the
conditions of stress or emergency, namely “flight-or-flight”.

(a) List ALL FIVE lobes of the cerebrum. (5 marks)

(b) Suggest FIVE physiological effects of the sympathetic division in response to the “fight or
flight” emergency situation. (5 marks)

Question B2

A cardiac cycle (one heart beat) generally involves the generation of two heart sounds and the
action by the cardiac conduction system which is the nerve signal transmission to produce
heartbeat.

(a) Briefly explain the formation of TWO heart sounds in the cardiac cycle. (4 marks)

(b) Clearly introduce the process of the conduction system in heart. (6 marks)

Question B3

Blood glucose is tightly controlled by the secretion levels and actions of two hormones from
pancreas. Failure to control or loss to respond to these secretions will likely result in a
development of Diabetes mellitus (DM). It is a disease related to the failure of regulating the blood
glucose.

(a) Describe the key features of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. (3 marks)

(b) Name TWO major hormones secreted by pancreas. (1 mark)

(c) Discuss the action of EACH hormone in Part (b) on regulating blood glucose level. (6 marks)

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 College of Professional and Continuing Education (CPCE), an affiliate of PolyU

Question B4

Both liver and stomach play an important role in the food digestion.

(a) Suggest FOUR functions of liver responsible for the food digestion and nutrient processing.
(4 marks)

(b) Identify THREE specialized cells in stomach and introduce ONE of their actions in EACH
cell in facilitating the digestion and absorption. (6 marks)

Question B5

Kidney is used to conserve water in body by regulating urine concentration. Failure in this
function would lead to the renal failure.

(a) Suggest FOUR possible consequences of the renal failure. (4 marks)

(b) Explain how the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) can help regulating urine concentration.
(6 marks)

Question B6

Menstrual cycles initiate at adolescent stage and continue throughout the middle age until the
menopause. During this life stages, a pregnancy may occur after fertilization and a zygote is newly
formed.

(a) List FOUR physiological changes after the menopause. (4 marks)

(b) Introduce THREE adaptive features of a sperm cell to facilitate fertilization. (6 marks)

- End of Section B -

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 College of Professional and Continuing Education (CPCE), an affiliate of PolyU

Section C (20%) – Compulsory Question

Answer the question in this section in the answer book provided. This question carries 20
marks.

Question C1

Tom was invited to do a medical check-up on breathing function. He was first invited to do a
respiratory test, spirometry, which is a measurement of various air volumes that move into and out
of the lungs due to different degrees of effort. The results were shown in the following Table 1.
Doctor told him that his Inspiratory Capacity (IC) and Total Lung Volume (TLC) are normal.
Furthermore, doctor also found no abnormality in his nasal cavity and larynx after examination.

Table 1. Result obtained in spirometry

Respiratory parameters Measured volume (ml)
(i) Tidal volume (TV) 500 ml
(ii) Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) 3,000 ml
(iii) Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) 1,200 ml
(iv) Residual volume (RV) 1,200 ml

(a) Suggest the TWO functions for EACH of these structures, nasal cavity and larynx. (4 marks)

(b) Name TWO respiratory muscles involved in doing normal, gentle inspiration. (2 marks)

(c) Clearly describe the process of inspiration involving these two respiratory muscles in Part (b).
(4 marks)

(d) Define Tidal volume (TV) and Residual volume (RV) listed in Table 1. (4 marks)

(e) Define and calculate Inspiratory capacity (IC) and Total Lung Volume (TLV) based on result in
Table 1. (6 marks)

- End of Section C -

- END OF PAPER -

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