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‫ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ‪ ً،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺤﻄﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﻤﺒﺎﺑﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﻔﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺰءﺍﻟﻤﻤﻄﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﺘﻀﺢﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻄﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻭﺷﺮﻕ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻈُﻬﺮﺯﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻼﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺗﺎﺑﻮﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 750‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍً ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺣﻞﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﻱ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻈﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻃﺒﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺘﻢﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻏﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺤﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﺑﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﻛﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻴﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺤﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺉﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺉﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﻟﻴﻼ‪ ً،‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻗﺼﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺸﺒﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺤﺐ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء‪.‬ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻯ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺎً ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺨﺮ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺢ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎً‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭﻓﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ؛ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻻﺣﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻯ ﻭﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺍً ﺑﺈﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺗﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻢ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻫﻄﻮﻝ ﻟﻸﻣﻄﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻏﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ )ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫‪ .(7.6‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺴﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺎﺩ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍء‪،‬ﺍﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻒ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ .‬ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻟﻮﺳﺎﻛﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔﻟﺸﻬﺮﻱ ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻭﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﺑﺈﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ )ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ(‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺿﺢ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎًﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻔﺎﻑ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﺠﻠﺐ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺳﺎﻛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻤﺎً ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﺠﻠﺐ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺣﺪﺍً ﺃﺩﻧﻰ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺿﻌﺎً ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿﺢ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻯ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻟﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎء ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻊﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﻬﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺗﻈﻞ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎً‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺻﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍً ﻗﻮﻳﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺢ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬

‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺉﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻬﺎﺭﻱ‬

 ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ 100‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺉﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺉﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪) 7.7‬ﺃ((‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻳﺘﻢ ﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺟﺪﺍً‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺴﻮء ﺍﻟﺤﻆ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻭﻻﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍءﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﺍً ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺎً ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍء‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ﻭﻫﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺑﻘﺎء ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺭﻃﺒﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ )ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪) 7.7‬ﺏ((‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺉﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﺉﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰﺇﺑﻘﺎء ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻧﻤﻄﺎً ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺎً ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍء‪،‬ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪) 7.7‬ﺝ((‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺤﻔﻈﺎً ﻟﻠﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻂ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬