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КРОК 02.2024 Мед, Стом, Фарм - Анг, Укр
КРОК 02.2024 Мед, Стом, Фарм - Анг, Укр
2024
A 49-year-old patient presents with increased levels of uric acid in the blood. The doctor
prescribed the patient allopurinol to reduce the levels of uric acid. Allopurinol is a competitive
inhibitor of a certain enzyme. Name this enzyme.
A. Xanthine oxidase*
B. Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase
C. Hypoxanthine phoribosyltransferase
D. Adenosine deaminase
E. Guanine deaminase
A woman came to a doctor with complaints of redness and itching of the skin of her face after
using a cosmetic cream. She was prescribed diphenhydramine. What is the mechanism of
antiallergic action of this drug?
A. Stimulation of b-adrenoreceptors
B. Stimulation of H1-histamine receptors
C. Blockade of H1-histamine receptors*
D. Blockade of H22-histamine receptors
E. Inhibition of leukotriene receptors
During dental treatment, a 30-year-old woman was given an injection of a drug, after which she
lost pain sensitivity for several hours. What is the mechanism of action of this anesthetic?
A. -
B. Blockade of calcium channels in nerve fibers
C. Increasing the potassium permeability of the membrane of nerve fibers
D. Blockade of sodium channels in nerve fibers*
E. Increasing the sodium permeability of the membrane of nerve fibers
A 40-year-old woman, who was systematically taking acetylsalicylic acid, developed
hemorrhages. Disturbed functional activity of platelets was detected. This phenomenon is
associated with inhibition of a certain enzyme. Name this enzyme.
A. Cytochrome oxidase
B. Na+, K1 - ATPase
C. Cholinesterase
D. Cyclooxygenase*
E. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
A patient has been diagnosed with chronic bronchitis and prescribed a mucolytic drug that
increases surfactant synthesis. What drug was used in treatment of this patient?
A. Acetylcysteine
B. Fenoterol
C. Ambroxol*
D. Mucaltinum
E. Codeine
A patient has been diagnosed with mixed intestinal helminthiasis. An ultra-broad spectrum
anthelmintic drug was prescribed for the treatment in this case. This drug inhibits the
polymerization of tubulin protein in helminths. What drug is it?
A. Fluconazole
B. Doxycycline
C. Chingamine (Chloroquinc)
D. Albendazole*
E. Metronidazole
A patient has been hospitalized with complaints of dry mouth, photophobia, and visual
impairment. Objectively, the patient has dry and hyperemic skin, dilated pupils, and tachycardia.
Further examination allowed diagnosing the patient with a poisoning caused by belladonna
alkaloids. What drug must be prescribed in this case?
A. Phenylephrine (Mesaton)
B. Heparin
C. Insulin
D. Succinylcholine (Dithylin)
E. Neostigmine (Proserin)*
A patient came to the family doctor complaining of an intense headache. Objectively, the
following is observed: blood pressure — 220/110 mm Hg, heart rate — 88/min., respiratory
rate — 18/min. An uncomplicated hypertensive crisis has been diagnosed. To provide
emergency aid in this case, the doctor chose a short-acting calcium channel blocker. What drug
did the doctor prescribe?
A. Amlodipine
B. Lercanidipine
C. Felodipine
D. Lacidipine
E. Nifedipine*
A patient with tuberculosis was prescribed an antibiotic. When taking this drug, the patient can
develop liver function disorders, leukopenia, and red color of biological fluids. What drug was
prescribed in this case?
A. Rifampicin*
B. Isoniazid
C. Pyrazinamide
D. Sodium para-aminosalicylate
E. Cycloserine
A 22-year-old woman came to a dermatologist with complaints of a purulent rash on her face
and back. Her medical record indicates a H. pylori infection. Taking into account this
concomitant pathology, the doctor prescribed her an antibacterial drug that will be effective both
against the pathogens of soft tissue infections and against H. pylori. What antibacterial drug did
the doctor prescribe?
A. Oseltamivir
B. Rifampicin
C. Clarithromycin*
D. Fluconazole
E. Isoniazid
A patient was prescribed a synthetic antiprotozoal agent that is an imidazole derivative for the
treatment of giardiasis (lambliasis). Before making the prescription, the doctor warned the
patient that alcoholic beverages were strictly forbidden during the treatment. What drug was
prescribed in this case?
A. Metronidazole*
B. Methacycline
C. Tetracycline
D. Chingamine (Chloroquine)
E. Furazolidone
A patient was prescribed a diuretic as a art of the complex treatment of essential hypertension.
Several days later the patient’s blood pressure decreased, but signs of hypokalemia appeared.
What drug could have caused this complication?
A. Spironolactone
B. Clonidine
C. Metoprolol
D. Enalapril
E. Furosemide*
Examination of a 2-year-old child detected a delay in the child’s physical and mental
development (cretinism) and decreased levels of thyroid hormones. What hormonal drug should
be used as a substitution therapy in this case?
A. Thiamazolc
B. Metformin
C. Dexamethasone
D. L-thyroxine*
E. Corticotropin
A broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent needs to be prescribed for a 4-year-old child. What drug
cannot be prescribed to children because of its harmful effect on the development of bone tissue?
A. Ampicillin
B. Chloramphenicol (Levomycetin)
C. Amoxicillin
D. Co-trimoxazole (Biseptol)
E. Doxycycline*
A patient has hemeralopia (impaired dark adaptation of the eyes). What vitamin supplement has
an effect on the synthesis of visual purple and can improve vision?
A. Ergocalciferol
B. Tocopherol acetate
C. Nicotinic acid
D. Cyanocobalamin
E. Retinol acetate*
A patient has a bronchospasm attack. What membrane cytoreceptors of bronchial smooth
muscles must be stimulated to improve the patient’s condition?
A. a-adrenergic receptors
B. H2-histamine receptors
C. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
D. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
E. b-adrenergic receptors*
For the treatment of glaucoma, the patient was prescribed a diuretic along with other drugs. This
diuretic inhibits carbonic anhydrase, reduces the formation of intraocular fluid and improves its
efflux. Name this drug.
A. Acetazolamide*
B. Spironolactone
C. Chlorthalidone
D. Furosemide
E. Hydrochlorothiazide
A certain drug was prescribed as a part of complex therapy of peptic ulcer disease of the
stomach. This drug is a competitive antagonist of histamine receptors. Its effect on H2-receptors
of parietal cells reduces induction of hydrochloric acid. Name this drug.
A. Pirenzepine
B. Famotidine*
C. Misoprostol
D. Sucralfate
E. Omeprazole
A 19-year-old young man with depression and emotional disorders was prescribed an
antidepressant, the effect of which was aimed at increasing the level of biogenic amines in the
brain. The action of this antidepressant is aimed at suppressing the activity of a certain enzyme.
Name this enzyme.
A. Monoamine oxidase*
B. Alanine transaminase
C. BB-type creatine phosphokinase
D. Decarboxylase of cyclic amino acids
E. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
In a 44-year-old woman, arterial hypertension is caused by pheochromocytoma. What group of
antihypertensive agents must be prescribed to this patient?
A. Calcium antagonists
B. Ganglionic blockers
C. Sympatholytics
D. a-blockcrs*
E. b-blockers
What drug must be used as an antidote in cases of poisoning caused by narcotic analgesics?
A. Naloxone*
B. Unithiol
C. Adrenaline hydrochloride
D. Protamine sulfate
E. Sodium thiosulfate
A patient diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction was prescribed heparin as a part of
complex therapy. After the administration of this drug, after a while, the patient developed
hematuria. What heparin antagonist must be administered to eliminate this complication in the
patient?
A. Vicasol (Menadione)
B. Fibrinogen
C. Neodicumarin (Ethyl biscoumacetate)
D. Aminocaproic acid
E. Protamine sulfate*
A man with active tuberculosis was prescribed isoniazid. What vitamin supplement should be
taken in this case to prevent the side effects of isoniazid?
A. Tocopherol acetate
B. Pyridoxine hydrochloride*
C. Rutin
D. Retinol acetate
E. Cyanocobalamin
A patient has been diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia against the background of atrophic
gastritis. What drug can be used to prevent this pathology, when administered parenterally?
A. Celecoxib
B. Prozerin (Neostigmine)
C. Prednisolone
D. Piracetam
E. Cyanocobalamin*
Стом 02,2024
Combined therapy of chronic heart failure with digitoxin and furosemide resulted in acute
muscle weakness in the patient. What electrolyte imbalance can be detected in the patient’s
blood in this case?
A. Hypokalemia*
B. -
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
E. Hypocalcemia
A patient with ciliary arrhythmia and a history of bronchial asthma should be prescribed an
antiarrhythmic drug. What antiarrhythmic drug is contraindicated in this case?
A. Verapamil
B. Salbutamol
C. Nifedipine
D. Anaprilin (Propranolol)*
E. Novocainamide (Procainamide)
A man with tuberculosis developed impaired hearing when undergoing treatment. What drug
could have caused such a side effect?
A. Streptomycin*
B. Kanamycin sulfate
C. Ethionamide
D. Isoniazid
E. Rifampicin
A patient complaining of intense toothache was prescribed a non-narcotic analgesic (an aniline
derivative) with a marked analgesic and antipyretic effect and a weak anti-inflammatory effect.
What drug is it?
A. Paracetamol*
B. Analgin (Metamizole sodium)
C. Acetylsalicylic acid
D. lbuprofen
E. Butadion (Phenylbutazone)
A doctor discusses with colleagues a new antiepileptic drug — sodium valproate. What is the
likely mechanism of action of this drug?
A. Inhibition of GABA transferase enzyme activity
B. Stimulation of GABA transferase enzyme activity*
A. Stimulation of Ca 2+ dependent ATPase activity
B. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase
C. Inhibition of Ca2+ dependent ATPase activity
After the tooth extraction, the patient was prescribed ibuprofen for pain relief. What enzyme
does it inhibit?
A. Phosphodiesterase
B. Cyclooxygenase*
C. Lipoxygenase
D. Phospholipase C
E. Phospholipase A 2
A 50-year-old patient suddenly developed headache, dizziness, and nausea. Blood pressure —
220/110 mm Hg. After intravenous administration of a 0.1% hygronium solution, the patient’s
condition improved. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
A. Blockade of b1-adrenoceptors
B. Activation of a2-adrenoceptors
C. Blockade of nicotinic acetylcholine ganglion receptors*
D. Blockade of Ca++ channels
E. Angiotensin-converting enzyme blockade
For the treatment of gingivitis, the dentist prescribed the patient a drug with an antiprotozoal and
antibacterial effect. This drug can cause an aversion to alcohol. What drug was prescribed by the
dentist?
A. Ceftriaxone
B. Lincomycin hydrochloride
C. Tetracycline
D. Metronidazole*
E. Levomycetin (Chloramphenicol)
A 35-year-old patient, who complains of heartburn and sharp pain in the epigastrium on an
empty stomach, was prescribed an H2-histamine blocker. What drug is it?
A. Atropine
B. Ranitidine*
C. Almagel
D. Methacin (metocinium iodide)
E. Vicaline
A 40-year-old patient has been diagnosed with herpetic stomatitis. What antiviral drug should be
prescribed in this case?
A. Phthalazol (Phthalylsulfathiazole)
B. Tinidazole
C. Acyclovir*
D. Para-aminosalicylic acid
E. Oxacillin sodium
38-year-old patient has been hospitalized with alcohol-induced psychosis accompanied by
marked psychomotor agitation. What neurolepticmust be prescribed in this case?
A. Valerian extract
B. Sodium bromide
C. Diphenin (Phenytoin)1
D. Galantamine hydrobromide
E. Aminazine (Chlorpromazine)*
A 62-year-old woman has insomnia. What medicine should she be prescribed?
A. Dimedrol (Diphenhydramine)
B. Nitrazepam*
C. Caffeine and sodium benzoate
D. Droperidol
E. Piracetam
During an exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis, the patient with a history of concomitant chronic
gastritis was prescribed celecoxib. What decreases the side effects of this drug that affect the
digestive tract?
A. Predominant inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1
B. Phosphodiesterase inhibition
C. Predominant stimulation of adenylate cyclase
D. Predominant inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2*
E. Phospholipase A2 inhibition
A patient with essential hypertension was prescribed captopril. In this case, formation of a
certain substance will decrease. Name this substance.
A. Histamine
B. Brady kinin
C. Angiotensin II*
D. Serotonin
E. Renin
A patient with leukemia was prescribed 5-fluorouracil. What effect does this drug have?
A. It inhibits DNA synthesis*
B. It inhibits translation
C. It accelerates replication
D. It inhibits transcription
E. It stimulates DNase
A woman with bronchial asthma was taking tablets sublingually thrice a day for the treatment of
her condition. After a while she developed complaints of tachycardia, pain in the area of her
heart, dizziness, low blood pressure, and rapid fatigability. What medicine was the patient
taking?
A. -
B. Izadrin (Isoprenaline)*
C. Digitoxin
D. Adrenaline
E. Anaprilin (Propranolol)
МЕД 02.2024
Пацієнту діагностовано хронічний бронхіт та призначено муколітичний препарат, що
підвищує синтез сурфактанту. Який лікарський засіб використано для лікування пацієнта?
A. Кодеїн
B. Амброксол*
C. Ацетилцистеїн
D. Фенотерол
E. Мукалтин
Пацієнт віком 49 років має підвищену концентрацію сечової кислоти в крові. Для
зниження рівня сечової кислоти лікар призначив алопуринол. Конкурентним інгібітором
якого ферменту є алопуринол?
A. Іуаніндсзамінази
B. Ксантиноксидази*
C. Аденозиндезамінази
D. Гіпоксантинфорибозилтрансферази
E. Аденінфосфорибозилтрансферази
Під час лікування зуба жінці віком ЗО років зробили ін’єкцію препарату, після якого вона
втратила больову чутливість на декілька годин. Який механізм дії знеболювального
препарату у цьому випадку?
A. Блокування натрієвих каналів нервових волокон*
B. Підвищення натрієвої проникності мембрани нервових волокон
C. Блокування кальцієвих каналів нервових волокон
D. –
E. Підвищення калієвої проникності мембрани нервових волокон
A. Метронідазол*
B. Цефтріаксон
C. Тетрациклін
D. Лінкоміцину гідрохлорид
E. Левоміцетин
Під час загострення ревматоїдного артриту пацієнту, в анамнезі якого зазначено супутній
хронічний гастрит, призначено целекоксиб. Чим зумовлено зменшення побічної дії
препарату на травну систему?
A. Пригніченням фосфодіестерази
B. Переважаючою стимуляцією адені- латциклази
C. Переважаючим пригніченням цикло- оксигенази-2*
D. Пригніченням фосфоліпази А2
E. Переважаючим пригніченням цикло- оксигенази-1
Пацієнту віком 35 років, який скаржиться на різкий біль в епігастрії натщесерце та печію,
лікар призначив препарат групи Н2- гістаміноблокаторів. Який це препарат?
A. Атропін
B. Ранітидин*
C. Метацин
D. Вікалін
E. Алмагель
Пацієнтка, яка хворіє на бронхіальну астму, для лікування захворювання щоденно тричі
на день приймала таблетки під язик. Через деякий час вона поскаржилася на тахікардію,
біль у ділянці серця, запаморочення, зниження артеріального тиску та швидку
втомлюваність. Який лікарський засіб приймала пацієнтка?
A. -
B. Адреналін
C. Ізадрин*
D. Анаприлін
E. Дигітоксин
Пацієнту після екстракції зуба для зменшення болю призначено ібупрофен. Який із
нижченаведених ферментів він пригнічує?
A. Фосфоліпазу С
B. Ліпоксигеназу
C. Циклооксигеназу *
D. Фосфодіестеразу
E. Фосфоліпазу А2
Пацієнту, який хворіє на лейкоз, призначено 5-фторурацил. На який процес впливає цей
препарат?
A. Інгібує синтез ДНК
B. Стимулює ДНК-азу
C. Прискорює реплікацію
D. Інгібує транскрипцію
E. Інгібує трансляцію
ФАРМ 02.2024
У пацієнта набряк легень. Який препарат необхідно призначити для зменшення об’єму
циркулюючої крові?
A. Нітрогліцерин
B. Фуросемід*
C. Метопролол
D. Аміназин (Хлорпромазин)
E. Магнію сульфат
Під час дуоденального введення цей лікарський засіб викликає рефлекторне скорочення
жовчного міхура та розслаблення сфінктера Одді. Залежно від шляху введення він має
заспокійливий, протисудомний, спазмолітичний та послаблювальний ефекти. Вкажіть цей
лікарський засіб.
A. Атропіну сульфат
B. Урсофальк
C. Гідазепам
D. Холосас
E. Магнію сульфат*