Elements and Compounds

What is matter?
Ans: Anything that has mass and occupies space is called
matter.
Eg: book, pen, water bottle, etc.

MATTER

PURE MIXTURE

Elements Compounds Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

ELEMENT
An element is a substance that cannot be split into simpler substances
by chemical means. Eg: Hydrogen, Helium, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Gold, etc.
COMPOUND
A Compound is a substance that can be split into two or more
substances by chemical means. Eg:

COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS PRESENT

A Water Hydrogen + Oxygen

B Carbon dioxide Carbon + Oxygen

C Silica Silicon + Oxygen

D Copper Sulphate Copper + Sulphur + Oxygen

Characteristics of Compounds:
 Elements combine among themselves in definite properties to
form compounds. Eg: Hydrogen and Oxygen combine among
themselves in 1:8 properties to form water.
 Compounds differ in properties which make them up.

MIXTURE
A Mixture is a substance containing more than one element or
compound in any proportion.
The constituents of a mixture cannot be separated by physical means
such as filtration, distillation, sublimation, etc.
ATOM
An atom is the smallest part of an element that takes part in a chemical
reaction.
The name atom is derived from the Greek word ‘Atomos’.
Characteristics of Atoms
 The Atoms of an element are all alike but different from those of
others.
 The Atoms of an element show all the properties of an element.
 One kind of atom cannot be changed into another.
SYMBOLS OF ELEMENTS
 First letter of English name:

Element Symbol
Hydrogen H
Carbon C
Boron B
Nitrogen N
Oxygen O
Fluorine F
Phosphorus P
Sulphur S
Iodine I
 First and second letter of the name of element:

Helium He
Lithium Li
Berilium Be
Neon Ne
Aluminium Al
Radium Ra
Calcium Ca
Silicon Si
Argon Ar
Cobalt Co
Nickel Ni

 First letter of the English name followed by the most emphasized

letter of the element name:

Magnesium Mg

Chlorine Cl

Chromium Cr

Manganese Mn

Zinc Zn
 English name Latin name Symbol
Sodium Natrium Na
Pottasium Kalium K
Iron Ferrum Fe
Copper Cupprum Cu
Silver Argentum Ag
Tin Stannum Sn
Lead Plumbum Pb
Gold Aurrum Au
Mercury Hydrargyrum Hg

MOLECULE
Molecule is the smallest part of an element or a compound that can
exist independently. Molecules are represented by formulae.

Atomicity
The number of atoms contained in a molecule of an element is called its
atomicity.

Mass number
The total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an
atom of an element.

Electronic configuration
The distribution of electrons in the different shells of an atom of an
element.

Rules for EC
1) The maximum no. of electrons that can be present in a shell is given by
the formulae 2n2 where n = the shell no.

For n = 1, 2n2 = 2 x (1)2 = 2 x 1 = 2

For n = 2, 2n2 = 2 x (2)2 = 2 x 4 = 8
………….so on

2) The last shell cannot hold more than 8 electrons.

Atomic Mass Electronic
Element Valency
Number Number configuration
H 1 1 1 1
He 2 4 2 0
Li 3 7 2, 1 1
Be 4 9 2, 2 2
B 5 11 2, 3
C 6 12 2, 4
N 7 14 2, 5
O 8 16 2, 6
F 9 19 2, 7
Ne 10 20 2, 8
Na 11 23 2, 8, 1
Mg 12 24 2, 8, 2
Al 13 27 2, 8, 3
Si 14 28 2, 8, 4
P 15 31 2, 8, 5
S 16 32 2, 8, 6
Cl 17 35 2, 8, 7
Ar 18 40 2, 8, 8
K 19 39 2, 8, 8, 1
Ca 20 40 2, 8, 8, 2