Example (1): (DLD Process)

In continuous dieless drawing process for stainless steel wire, the original wire
diameter do=2mm, and feeding velocity Vo= 4 mm/s as shown in figure below.
The proposed final wire diameter d1=1.5mm. Calculate: (1) drawing velocity V1,
(2) area reduction RA

Cooling Heating
Zone Zone

do
d1
V1 Vo

Solution:
(1) From volume constancy principle:
𝑉𝑜 𝐴𝑜 4 22
Vo Ao = V1 A1 𝑉1 = = = 𝟕. 𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎/𝒔 Answer
𝐴1 1.52

𝐴𝑜 −𝐴1 𝑉𝑜 4
(2) 𝑅𝐴 = =1− =1− = 𝟒𝟒% Answer
𝐴𝑜 𝑉1 7.111

Example (2): (DLD Process)

In continuous dieless drawing process for stainless steel wire, the original wire
diameter do=2.5mm, the proposed area reduction RA=45%. Calculate: (1) final
wire diameter d1, (2) ratio of drawing velocity to feeding velocity.
Solution:
(1) From area reduction:
𝐴𝑜 −𝐴1 𝐴1 𝑑12
𝑅𝐴 = =1− =1− 𝑑1 = 𝑑𝑜 √1 − 𝑅𝐴
𝐴𝑜 𝐴𝑜 𝑑𝑜2
 𝑑1 = 𝑑𝑜 √1 − 𝑅𝐴 = 2.5√1 − 0.45 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓𝟒𝒎𝒎 Answer

𝐴𝑜 −𝐴1 𝑉𝑜 𝑉𝑜
(2) 𝑅𝐴 = =1− = 1 − 𝑅𝐴 = 1 − 0.45 = 0.55
𝐴𝑜 𝑉1 𝑉1

𝑉1
∴ = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟏𝟖 Answer
𝑉𝑜

Example (3): (DLD Process)

For dieless drawing process of SUS304 stainless steel wire (shown in figure
below), the material properties (A, n, m) are given as in the below equations. The
original wire diameter do=2mm, the feeding velocity Vo=4mm/s. The proposed
final diameter d1=1.3mm. Determine the flow stress required for this process
and corresponding drawing force if deformation length Ld=35mm and forming
temperature Tf = 862K.
𝐴 = 0 ∙ 0007𝑇 2 − 2 ∙ 1417𝑇 + 1788 ∙ 3 𝑀𝑃𝑎. 𝑠
𝑛 = 4 ∙ 645 × 10−7 𝑇 2 − 3 ∙ 628 × 10−4 𝑇 + 4 ∙ 367 × 10−1
𝑚 = 4 ∙ 374 × 10−5 𝑇 + 1 ∙ 449 × 10−3
Use the following relations to complete the calculations:
𝜀(𝑉𝑜 +𝑉1 )
𝜀̇ =
2𝐿𝑑
𝐴𝑜
𝜀 = 𝑙𝑛
𝐴1

𝜎 = 𝐴 𝜀 𝑛 𝜀̇ 𝑚
𝐹𝑑 = 𝐴1 𝜎
 Cooling Heating
Zone Zone

Ld do
d1
V1 Vo

Solution:

𝐴 = 0 ∙ 0007(862)2 − 2 ∙ 1417(862) + 1788 ∙ 3 = 462.3 𝑀𝑃𝑎. 𝑠

𝑛 = 4 ∙ 645 × 10−7 (862)2 − 3 ∙ 628 × 10−4 (862) + 4 ∙ 367 × 10−1 = 0.469
𝑚 = 4 ∙ 374 × 10−5 (862) + 1 ∙ 449 × 10−3 = 0.0392
𝐴𝑜 22
𝜀 = 𝑙𝑛 = 𝑙𝑛 = 0.862
𝐴1 1.32

𝐴𝑜 −𝐴1 1.32 𝑉𝑜
𝑅𝐴 = =1− = 0.5775 = 1 − ∴ 𝑉1 = 9.5𝑚𝑚/𝑠
𝐴𝑜 22 𝑉1

𝜀(𝑉𝑜 +𝑉1 ) 0.862(4+9.5)

𝜀̇ = = = 0.166 𝑠 −1
2𝐿𝑑 2(35)

𝜎 = 𝐴𝜀 𝑛 𝜀̇ 𝑚 = 462.3(0.8620.469 )(0.1660.0392 ) = 𝟒𝟎𝟏. 𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂 Answer

𝜋
𝐹𝑑 = 𝐴1 𝜎 = 1.32 (401.9) = 𝟓𝟑𝟑. 𝟓 𝑵 Answer
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