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Chapter 4-1 (Capacitance Inductance)
Chapter 4-1 (Capacitance Inductance)
(TEGT3542)
Lecture Notes
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➢ Capacitance
• Electric Field
• Capacitance
• Capacitors
• Capacitors in series and parallel
• Energy stored by a capacitor
➢ Inductance
• Magnetic Field
• Inductance
• Inductors in series and parallel
• Energy stored by an inductor
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Capacitance
➢ Electric Field
• We earlier learned that, there exists a force of attraction or
repulsion between two charged bodies.
• Flux Density
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Capacitance
➢ Electric Field (cont’d)
• Flux (𝜓) is directly proportional to charge (Q).
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Capacitance
➢ Electric Field (cont’d)
• Electric flux lines always extend from a positively charged body
to a negatively charged body.
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Capacitance
➢ Capacitance
• A capacitor is a two terminal element created by two conducting
surfaces separated by a dielectric (insulator).
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Capacitance
➢ Capacitance (cont’d)
• The higher the capacitance of a capacitor, the greater is the
amount of charge stored on the plates for the same applied
voltage.
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Capacitance
➢ Capacitance (cont’d)
• Electric field strength between the plates is determined by the
voltage across the plates and the distance between them.
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Capacitance
➢ Capacitors
• Physically, the parameters forming the capacitor are related to
its capacitance as follow:
• Or,
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Capacitance
➢ Types of Capacitors
• Capacitors are foremost categorised as Fixed and Variable.
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Capacitance
➢ Types of Capacitors (cont’d)
• Capacitor construction: It is necessary to increase the area.
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Capacitance
➢ Capacitor Labelling
• Capacitor value: Normally labelled, but can be confirmed with a
DMM.
• The same multipliers are normally used as for resistors.
Tolerance: F – 1%, J – 5%, K – 10%, M – 20%.
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Capacitance
➢ Capacitors in Series
• The total capacitance reduces for series combination.
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Capacitance
➢ Capacitors in Parallel
• The total capacitance increases for parallel combination.
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Capacitance
➢ Example: Question
a) Determine the total capacitance.
b) Determine the charge on each plate.
c) Find the voltage across each capacitor.
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Capacitance
➢ Example: Solution
a) Determine the total capacitance.
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Capacitance
➢ Example: Solution (cont’d)
c) Find the voltage across each capacitor.
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Capacitance
➢ Example: Question
a) Find the total capacitance.
b) Determine the charge on each plate.
c) Find the total charge.
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Capacitance
➢ Example: Solution
a) Find the total capacitance.
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Capacitance
➢ Energy Stored by a Capacitor
• A capacitor stores the energy supplied to it in the form of an
electric field between the conducting surfaces. It is
represented by the area under the power curve.
• In terms of V,
• In terms of Q,
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Inductance
➢ Magnetic Field
• There is a magnetic field around a conductor carrying current.
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Inductance
➢ Magnetic Field (cont’d)
• The direction of the magnetic flux is determined using the Right
Hand Rule.
• Flux Density [Tesla] – The number of flux lines per unit area.
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Inductance
➢ Magnetic Field (cont’d)
• The flux density of an electromagnet is directly related to the
number of turns and current through the coil.
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Inductance
➢ Inductance
• Inductance is the measure of the strength of the magnetic field
around the coil due to an applied current.
• Inductance is measured in Henries [H].
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Inductance
➢ Inductance (cont’d)
• The inductance value is related to its physical parameters as
follow:
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Inductance
➢ Types of Inductors
• Inductors are also categorized depending on whether they are
fixed or variable.
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Inductance
➢ Types of Inductors (cont’d)
• Effects of physical parameters on inductance value.
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Inductance
➢ Inductors in Series
• Inductors in series are treated the same way as resistors.
➢ Inductors in Parallel
• The same is true for parallel combination.
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Inductance
➢ Energy Stored in the Inductor
• An inductor stores the energy in the form of a magnetic field.
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