A homogeneous linear system refers to a system of linear equations where all the constant terms on the

right side of the equations are zero. In other words, the system can be represented as:

A₁x₁ + a₂x₂ + … + aₙxₙ = 0

B₁x₁ + b₂x₂ + … + bₙxₙ = 0

C₁x₁ + c₂x₂ + … + cₙxₙ = 0

Where a₁, a₂, …, aₙ, b₁, b₂, …, bₙ, c₁, c₂, …, cₙ are the coefficients of the variables x₁, x₂, …, xₙ.

To solve a homogeneous linear system, we can use matrix methods such as Gaussian elimination or
matrix inversion. The solutions to the system will be the values of the variables x₁, x₂, …, x ₙ that satisfy all
the equations and make them equal to zero.

It's Important to note that a homogeneous linear system always has at least one solution, which is the
trivial solution where all the variables are equal to zero. However, there may also be non-trivial solutions
where at least one variable is non-zero.

Example using Gaussian elimination. Consider the following homogeneous system of three linear
equations:

1. x + 2y + 3z = 0

2. 2x + 3y + z = 0

3. 3x + y + 2z = 0

We can represent this system as an augmented matrix:

[123|0]

[231|0]

[312|0]
We can start by swapping the second and third rows to get a leading 1 in the second row:

[123|0]

[312|0]

[231|0]

Then, we can subtract 3 times the first row from the second row and 2 times the first row from the third
row:

[123|0]

[ 0 -5 -7 | 0 ]

[ 0 -1 -5 | 0 ]

Next, we can multiply the second row by -1/5 and add the second row to the third row:

[123|0]

[ 0 1 7/5 | 0 ]

[ 0 0 -3/5 | 0 ]

Finally, we can multiply the third row by -5/3 to get the reduced row echelon form:

[123|0]

[ 0 1 7/5 | 0 ]

[001|0]

From this, we can see that the system has a non-trivial solution. If we let z = t for some real number t,
then we can solve for y and x to get y = -7/5t and x = -3t. So the solution to the system is (x, y, z) = (-3t, -
7/5t, t) for all real numbers t.

Sure, let’s consider a more complex homogeneous system of three linear equations:
1. 2x + 3y + 5z = 0

2. 4x + 6y + 7z = 0

3. 3x + 2y + z = 0

We can represent this system as an augmented matrix:

[235|0]

[467|0]

[321|0]

We can start by dividing the first row by 2 to get a leading 1:

[ 1 1.5 2.5 | 0 ]

[467|0]

[321|0]

Then, we can subtract 4 times the first row from the second row and 3 times the first row from the third
row:

[ 1 1.5 2.5 | 0 ]

[ 0 -0.5 -3 | 0 ]

[ 0 -2.5 -6.5 | 0 ]

Next, we can multiply the second row by -2 and add 5 times the second row to the third row:

[ 1 1.5 2.5 | 0 ]

[016|0]

[ 0 0 -1 | 0 ]
Finally, we can multiply the third row by -1 to get the reduced row echelon form:

[ 1 1.5 2.5 | 0 ]

[016|0]

[001|0]

From this, we can see that the system has a non-trivial solution. If we let z = t for some real number t,
then we can solve for y and x to get y = -6t and x = -1.5t. So the solution to the system is (x, y, z) = (-1.5t,
-6t, t) for all real numbers t.

Now, let’s consider an example using matrix inversion. For this, we need a square system of equations.
Let’s consider the following system:

1. x + 2y = 0

2. 3x + 4y = 0

We can represent this system as a matrix equation AX = 0, where A is the coefficient matrix, X is the
column vector of variables, and 0 is the zero vector:

A=[12]

[34]

X=[x]

[y]

0=[0]

[0]
The solution to this system is given by X = A⁻¹0. However, since the zero vector multiplied by any matrix
is still the zero vector, the only solution to this system is the trivial solution X = 0, or (x, y) = (0, 0). This is
because the inverse of a matrix multiplied by the zero vector will always give the zero vector.