PHYSICAL SCIENCE 3RD QUARTER

OBJECTIVES:

Explain what the Greeks considered to be the three types of terrestrial motion.

LESSON 1: GREEK VIEWS OF MATTER, MOTION AND THE UNIVERSE

EARLY MODELS OF THE UNIVERSE

- Proposed by the Greeks

1. Geocentric model- “ EARTH IS THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE”

Pythagoreans (500B.C.)
 He believed that the stars, planets, sun, and moon were
attached to crystalline spheres which rotated around the earth.

 Geocentric- everything moved around the earth.

Aristotle (350 B.C.)

 -Believed the Earth is motionless at the center of the

universe and all the stars and planets revolved around it.

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 Ptolemy (140 A.D.)

 Expanded Aristotle’s theories to try to account for “

retrograde motion” of the planets.
 Planets traveled in smaller circular paths as they traveled
around the earth ( Geocentric)

2. Heliocentric model- “ It is the model of the universe which assumes the SUN AS THE
CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE”

Copernicus (1543)

 Sun at the center of the universe and the planets orbit the sun.

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 Tycho Brahe (1600)

 Favored an Earth-centered universe different from Ptolemy’s

Theory.
 Thought that other planets revolved around the sun, and
that the sun and moon revolved around the Earth.
 His theory was incorrect, but made many precise observation
of planets and stars.
 Geocentric

Johannes Kepler (1609)

 Assistant of Tycho Brahe

 Mathematician
 Used Tycho’s observation data to develp laws of planetary motion.
 KEPLER’S 3 LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTIONS
-LAW OF Ellipses
-LAW OF Equal Areas
- LAW OF Periods

Galileo Galilei (1609)

 First person to use telescope for astronomical obsevations

 Discoveries:
- Galilean Satellites (Jupiter’s moons)
- Craters on the moon
- Sunspots on the Sun
- Phases of Venus
- Favored Copernicus’s theory over
Ptolemy

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 Isaac Newton (1687)
 Explained why planets orbit the Sun, and why moons orbit
planets.
 Newton’s Law of Motion
 Newton’s Law of Gravitation
 Completed the work of Copernicus, Tycho, Kepler, and Galileo