MARINERS POLYTECHNIC

COLLEGES FOUNDATION
OF CANAMAN (CAM. SUR), INC

ACTIVITY SHEET
Name YAMAR, KENNETH A. Year & Section BSMT 3B15
Activity No. 2 Course Title Voyage Planning

Teacher C/M Richard C. Donio Subject NAV 7

Date Due March 6, 2024 8pm Date Submitted

Direction: Write an essay of your answers using minimum of 120 words for every item using your internet
search engine.

Example with Photos:

Steering Standby System-Many ships are equipped with a standby steering system, which is a duplicate or
redundant system that can be used in case of failure or malfunction of the primary steering system. It
provides a backup means of controlling the ship's steering. The steering system of your car is everything
from the steering wheel to the steering shaft, rack and pinion (also known as the gearbox), all the way to the
linkage which connects to the wheels themselves

1. ECHO SOUNDER- AN ECHO SOUNDER IS A MARINE NAVIGATION DEVICE THAT

MEASURES WATER DEPTH BY SENDING SOUND WAVES TO THE SEABED AND
RECORDING THE TIME IT TAKES FOR THE ECHO TO RETURN. THIS TECHNOLOGY
AIDS IN CREATING DEPTH PROFILES, ESSENTIAL FOR SAFE NAVIGATION AND
AVOIDING UNDERWATER OBSTACLES. THE ECHO SOUNDER CONSISTS OF A
TRANSDUCER THAT EMITS THE SOUND SIGNAL AND RECEIVES THE RETURNING
ECHO, AND THE DEPTH IS CALCULATED BASED ON THE SPEED OF SOUND IN WATER.
MODERN ECHO SOUNDERS OFTEN USE ADVANCED DIGITAL DISPLAYS, ALLOWING
REAL-TIME DEPTH READINGS. WIDELY USED IN MARITIME AND HYDROGRAPHIC
APPLICATIONS, ECHO SOUNDERS ARE INTEGRAL FOR ENSURING VESSELS
NAVIGATE WITHIN SAFE DEPTH LIMITS, ESPECIALLY IN UNFAMILIAR OR
CHALLENGING WATERS.

2. GYRO COMPASS- A GYRO COMPASS IS A NAVIGATION INSTRUMENT USED ON SHIPS

AND AIRCRAFT TO DETERMINE TRUE NORTH BY UTILIZING THE PRINCIPLES OF
GYROSCOPIC PRECESSION. UNLIKE MAGNETIC COMPASSES, GYRO COMPASSES ARE
NOT AFFECTED BY MAGNETIC FIELDS, MAKING THEM RELIABLE IN VARIOUS
NAVIGATION CONDITIONS. A RAPIDLY SPINNING GYROSCOPE ALIGNS ITSELF WITH
THE EARTH'S ROTATION AXIS, PROVIDING A STABLE REFERENCE FOR DIRECTION.
GYRO COMPASSES OFFER ACCURATE AND STABLE HEADING INFORMATION,
CRUCIAL FOR PRECISE NAVIGATION. THEY FIND EXTENSIVE USE IN MARITIME
OPERATIONS, OFFERING CONSISTENCY AND INDEPENDENCE FROM MAGNETIC
INFLUENCES. WHILE MODERN NAVIGATION SYSTEMS INCLUDE OTHER
TECHNOLOGIES, GYRO COMPASSES REMAIN VITAL FOR THEIR RELIABILITY AND
CONTRIBUTION TO SAFE AND ACCURATE HEADING INFORMATION AT SEA.

3. ELECTRONIC NAUTICAL CHARTS- AN ELECTRONIC NAUTICAL CHART (ENC) IS A

DIGITAL REPRESENTATION OF TRADITIONAL PAPER CHARTS USED IN NAVIGATION.
 ENC DISPLAYS NAVIGATIONAL INFORMATION, SUCH AS WATER DEPTHS,
COASTLINES, BUOYS, AND HAZARDS, IN A DIGITAL FORMAT. GOVERNED BY
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, ENCS ARE USED WITH ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY
AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ECDIS) ON SHIPS. THEY ALLOW REAL-TIME
NAVIGATION, ROUTE PLANNING, AND DYNAMIC UPDATING, ENHANCING SAFETY
AND EFFICIENCY. ENCS OFFER FEATURES LIKE ZOOMING, LAYERED INFORMATION,
AND CUSTOMIZATION, PROVIDING MARINERS WITH DETAILED AND UP-TO-DATE
SPATIAL DATA. THEIR ADOPTION HAS SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED NAVIGATION
ACCURACY, CONTRIBUTING TO THE MODERNIZATION OF MARITIME OPERATIONS
AND ALIGNING WITH GLOBAL EFFORTS TO ENHANCE SAFETY AND REDUCE THE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SHIPPING.

4. WEATHER FORECASTING EQUIPMENT- WEATHER FORECASTING EQUIPMENT

COMPRISES VARIOUS SOPHISTICATED INSTRUMENTS DESIGNED TO COLLECT AND
ANALYZE ATMOSPHERIC DATA, ENABLING THE PREDICTION OF WEATHER
CONDITIONS. COMMON TOOLS INCLUDE WEATHER SATELLITES, WHICH MONITOR
CLOUD COVER AND ATMOSPHERIC PATTERNS GLOBALLY, AND WEATHER RADARS,
WHICH TRACK PRECIPITATION AND STORM MOVEMENTS. GROUND-BASED
WEATHER STATIONS MEASURE PARAMETERS LIKE TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, AND
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. RADIOSONDES ARE USED TO COLLECT UPPER-AIR DATA.
SUPERCOMPUTERS PROCESS VAST AMOUNTS OF DATA THROUGH NUMERICAL
WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS, GENERATING FORECASTS. DOPPLER RADAR AND
LIDAR ASSIST IN DETAILED ANALYSIS OF STORMS. THESE TECHNOLOGIES
COLLECTIVELY CONTRIBUTE TO ACCURATE AND TIMELY WEATHER FORECASTS,
AIDING IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS, AGRICULTURE, AVIATION, AND NUMEROUS
OTHER SECTORS RELIANT ON WEATHER-SENSITIVE OPERATIONS.

5. NAVIGATION PLOTTING TOOLS IN ECDIS- NAVIGATIONAL PLOTTING TOOLS IN

ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ECDIS) ENHANCE
MARITIME NAVIGATION BY PROVIDING ADVANCED FEATURES FOR ROUTE
PLANNING AND MONITORING. ECDIS INCLUDES TOOLS LIKE WAYPOINTS,
ALLOWING MARINERS TO MARK SPECIFIC LOCATIONS AND CREATE EFFICIENT
ROUTES. IT ENABLES ROUTE OPTIMIZATION, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT
NAVIGATIONAL HAZARDS, WEATHER CONDITIONS, AND OTHER FACTORS.
DISTANCE MEASURING TOOLS AID IN ASSESSING DISTANCES BETWEEN POINTS.
ALARMS NOTIFY THE CREW OF POTENTIAL DANGERS OR DEVIATIONS FROM THE
PLANNED ROUTE. THE SYSTEM ALSO INCORPORATES FEATURES FOR DISPLAYING
AND UPDATING NAVIGATIONAL DATA, INCLUDING CHARTS AND ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION LAYERS. OVERALL, THESE TOOLS IN ECDIS CONTRIBUTE TO SAFER
AND MORE EFFICIENT NAVIGATION, REDUCING THE RISK OF HUMAN ERRORS AND
ENHANCING SITUATIONAL AWARENESS AT SEA.