HIGHER TECHNNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

TENTH OF RAMADAN CITY

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Electronics (2)
(EEC 141)

Prepared by :
Dr.Eng. Eslam Samy EL-Mokadem
 Electronics (2)
(EEC 141)

Lecture (3)
Common emitter amplifier
 Types of Single stage transistor
amplifiers

Common Emitter Common Base Common Collector

Amplifier Amplifier Amplifier
 1- Common-Emitter amplifier with
Fixed-Bias Configuration
❑ Note that the input signal 𝑉𝑖𝑛 is applied to the base of the
transistor, whereas the output 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 is off the collector

❑ the input current 𝐼𝑖𝑛 is not the base current, but the source
current, and the output current 𝐼𝑜 is the collector current.

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 DC analysis for Common-Emitter amplifier Fixed-Bias
Configuration

❑ the DC equivalent of a transistor network is obtained by:

1. Setting all AC Voltage sources to zero and replacing them by a short-

circuit to ground
2. Replacing all capacitors by an open-circuit equivalent
3. Redrawing the network in a more convenient and logical form

▪ DC equivalent circuit
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 DC analysis for Fixed-Bias

1- First step : Base emitter loop

By applying KVL:

𝑰𝑬 = (𝜷 + 𝟏) ∗ 𝑰𝑩

𝑽𝑻
𝒓𝒆 = Where thermal voltage (𝑽𝑻 ) =26 mv at 25℃
𝑰𝑬

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 BJT TRANSISTOR MODELING

❑ A model is a combination of circuit elements, properly chosen,

that best approximates the actual behavior of a semiconductor
device under specific operating conditions.

❑ Once the ac equivalent circuit is determined, the schematic

symbol for the device can be replaced by this equivalent circuit
and the basic methods of circuit analysis applied to determine
the desired quantities of the network.

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 AC analysis for Common-Emitter amplifier with Fixed-
Bias Configuration

❑ the ac equivalent of a transistor network is obtained by:

1. Setting all dc sources to zero and replacing them by a short-circuit to

ground
2. Replacing all capacitors by a short-circuit equivalent
3- Replace the transistor symbol by its equivalent small signal model
(𝐫𝐞 Model)
4. Redrawing the electronic circuit in a more convenient and logical form

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 Model parameters

1- The value of 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧𝐩𝐮𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫( 𝐫𝐞 ) e

must be determined from a dc analysis of the system

𝑽𝑻
𝒓𝒆 =
𝑰𝑬
Where thermal voltage (𝑽𝑻 ) =26 mv at 25℃

2- The value of 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐩𝐮𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫 (𝐫𝐎 )

is typically obtained from the specification sheet or characteristics.
𝑽𝑨
𝒓𝒐 =
𝑰𝑪
Where 𝑽𝑨 is the Early voltage
3- Assuming that 𝜷, 𝐫𝐞 , and 𝐫𝐎 have been determined will result in
the following equations for the important two-port characteristics of
the system. 9/37
AC analysis for Common-Emitter amplifier Fixed-Bias
Configuration

▪ AC equivalent circuit

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AC analysis for Common-Emitter amplifier Fixed-Bias
Configuration

▪ AC equivalent circuit

Substituting the 𝐫𝐞 model into the network

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 AC analysis for Common-Emitter
amplifier Fixed-Bias Configuration

❑ 𝒁𝒊𝒏 is that the input impedance of the system

❑ 𝒁𝑶 is the output impedance of any

system

❑ 𝑨𝒗 is the AC voltage gain of the

system

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 AC analysis for Common-Emitter
amplifier Fixed-Bias Configuration

𝑽𝒐 = −𝜷𝑰𝒃 (𝑹𝑪 //𝒓𝒐 )

𝑽𝒊𝒏 = 𝑰𝒃 𝜷 𝒓𝒆

𝑽𝑶 −𝜷𝑰𝒃 (𝑹𝑪 //𝒓𝒐 )

𝑨𝑽 = =
𝑽𝒊𝒏 𝑰𝒃 𝜷 𝒓𝒆

−(𝑹𝑪 //𝒓𝒐 )
𝑨𝑽 =
𝒓𝒆

if 𝒓𝒐 = ∞
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 Phase Relationship
➢ The negative sign in the resulting equation for 𝑨𝑽 reveals that a 180°
phase shift occurs between the input and output signals, as shown in
Fig .
➢ The is a result of the fact that 𝜷𝑰𝒃 ,establishes a current through
𝑹𝑪 that will result in a voltage across 𝑹𝑪 , the opposite of that defined
by 𝑽𝒐

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 Example 1

For the network of figure shown :

a. Determine 𝒓𝒆 .

b. Find 𝒁𝒊𝒏 (with 𝒓𝒐 = ∞).

c. Calculate 𝒁𝒐 (with 𝒓𝒐 = ∞).

d. Determine 𝑨𝑽 (with 𝒓𝒐 = ∞).

e. Repeat parts (c) and (d) including

𝒓𝒐 = 50 kΩ in all calculations and
compare results.
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 Solution
1- DC analysis:

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 Solution
2- AC analysis:

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 Solution
2- AC analysis:

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 Solution
b.

c. if 𝒓𝒐 = ∞

−(𝑹𝑪 )
d. if 𝒓𝒐 = ∞ 𝑨𝑽 =
𝒓𝒆

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2- Common Emitter amplifier with Voltage Divider
Bias

▪ AC equivalent circuit

Substituting the 𝐫𝐞 model into the network

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 2- Common Emitter amplifier with Voltage
Divider Bias
❑ 𝒁𝒊𝒏 is that the input impedance of the system

❑ 𝒁𝑶 is the output impedance of

any system

if 𝒓𝒐 = ∞

21/37
 2- Common Emitter amplifier with Voltage
Divider Bias

❑ 𝑨𝒗 is the AC voltage gain of the system

𝑽𝒐 = −𝜷𝑰𝒃 (𝑹𝑪 //𝒓𝒐 )

𝑽𝒊𝒏 = 𝑰𝒃 𝜷 𝒓𝒆

𝑽𝑶 −𝜷𝑰𝒃 (𝑹𝑪 //𝒓𝒐 )

𝑨𝑽 = =
𝑽𝒊𝒏 𝑰𝒃 𝜷 𝒓𝒆

if 𝒓𝒐 = ∞

The negative sign means a 180° phase shift between 𝑽𝒐 and 𝑽𝒊𝒏 .
22/37
 Example 2

For the network of figure shown :

a. Determine 𝒓𝒆 .

b. Find 𝒁𝒊𝒏 (with 𝒓𝒐 = ∞).

c. Calculate 𝒁𝒐 (with 𝒓𝒐 = ∞).

d. Determine 𝑨𝑽 (with 𝒓𝒐 = ∞).

e. Repeat parts (b) and (d) including

𝒓𝒐 = 50 kΩ in all calculations and
compare results.
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 Solution
1- DC analysis:

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 Solution
1- DC analysis:

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 Solution
2- AC analysis:

26/37
Solution

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