PATIENT VILLE**S

UROSEPSIS- Urosepsis is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when a urinary
tract infection (UTI) progresses to a systemic infection, leading to sepsis. Sepsis is a serious condition
where the body's response to infection can result in widespread inflammation, organ failure, and death if
not treated promptly.

Signs and symptoms of urosepsis may include:

1. Fever and Chills: A high fever, often accompanied by chills, is a common symptom of urosepsis.
2. Increased Heart Rate (Tachycardia): The heart rate may become abnormally fast as the body
tries to respond to the infection.
3. Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure): Urosepsis can lead to a drop in blood pressure, which can
result in dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting.
4. Confusion or Altered Mental State: In severe cases, urosepsis can affect the brain, leading to
confusion or changes in consciousness.
5. Increased Respiratory Rate (Tachypnea): The body may respond to the infection by increasing
the respiratory rate.
6. Pain or Discomfort: There may be pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen, pelvis, or back,
which could be associated with the urinary tract infection.
7. Dysuria: Pain or a burning sensation during urination is a common symptom of a urinary tract
infection.
8. Frequent Urination: An increased urge to urinate may be present.
9. Cloudy or Foul-Smelling Urine: Changes in the appearance or odor of urine can be indicative of a
urinary tract infection.
10. Nausea and Vomiting: Urosepsis can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea and
vomiting.

DRUG MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE

NAME ACTION REACTION
Generic Azithromycin • Treatment of respiratory • Hypersensitivity to • Common side
Name: inhibits bacterial tract infections (e.g., azithromycin or effects include:
Azithromycin protein synthesis by pneumonia, bronchitis) other macrolide gastrointestinal
Brand Name: binding to the 50S • Treatment of skin and antibiotics disturbances
Zithromax, ribosomal subunit soft tissue infections • Concomitant use (nausea,
Zmax of susceptible • Sexually transmitted with ergotamine abdominal
Classification: microorganisms, infections (e.g., or pain, diarrhea)
Macrolide thus preventing the chlamydia, gonorrhea) dihydroergotamine • Serious side
Antibiotic formation of effects may
• Prevention and
Actual functional 70S include:
treatment of
dosage, ribosomes. hepatotoxicity
Mycobacterium avium
route, and QT interval
complex (MAC) in certain
frequency: prolongation.
immunocompromised
500 mg/tab
patients • Allergic
1 tab PO, OD reactions,
include: rash
and anaphylaxis
Before
1. Conduct a thorough patient
assessment, including
medical history, allergies,
and current medications to
identify any
contraindications or
potential interactions.
2. Check relevant laboratory
values, such as liver
function tests, as
azithromycin may impact
liver function.
3. Provide the patient with
information about the
medication, including its
purpose, potential side
effects, and the importance
of completing the full
course of treatment.
4. Obtain informed consent
from the patient before
administering the
medication, explaining the
risks and benefits.
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF
ACTION
Generic Name: Carvedilol is a non-
Carvedilol selective beta-
Brand Names: blocker that blocks
Coreg, Coreg CR both beta-1 and
Classification: Non- beta-2 receptors. It
selective beta- also has alpha-1
blocking activity that
During After
1. Verify prescription. 1. Continuously monitor the patient for
Confirm the prescription therapeutic effects and potential adverse
details, including the reactions.
correct dosage, route, 2. Assess vital signs, including temperature,
and frequency, before heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood
preparing the pressure.
medication. 3. Address any discomfort or side effects the
2. Check for allergies to patient may be experiencing, such as nausea
azithromycin or other or gastrointestinal upset.
macrolide antibiotics. 4. Educate the patient about the importance of
3. Prepare the medication completing the entire course of antibiotics,
according to institutional even if the patient feels better before
policies and procedures,
completion.
ensuring accuracy in
5. Educate the patient about potential side
dosage and
effects and when to seek medical attention.
administration route.
6. Emphasize the importance of infection
4. Administer azithromycin
control practices, including proper hand
as prescribed, whether
hygiene, to prevent the spread of infection.
it's an oral tablet, liquid,
or intravenous
formulation.
5. Administer oral forms
with or without food,
depending on the
specific product
instructions.
6. Monitor the patient for
any immediate adverse
reactions during and
after administration.
7. Observe for signs of an
allergic reaction, such as
rash, itching, or difficulty
breathing.
INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION
• Heart Failure: • Known • Dizziness, fatigue,
Carvedilol is hypersensitivity hypotension, and
indicated for to carvedilol. bradycardia.
the treatment • Severe • Serious side effects
of heart bradycardia, may include heart
failure (HF) in heart block failure
patients with greater than first
blocker, alpha-1 reduces the heart reduced left degree, exacerbation,
blocker rate and contractility, ventricular decompensated bronchospasm, and
Actual dosage, leading to a decrease ejection heart failure, liver dysfunction.
route, frequency: in cardiac output. fraction. asthma, and
6.25 mg/ tab Alpha-1 blockade • Hypertension: certain other
1 tab PO, BID causes vasodilation, It is also used conditions.
contributing to its to manage
antihypertensive essential
effects. hypertension.

Before During After

1. Conduct a comprehensive
assessment of the patient,
including vital signs, heart rate,
blood pressure, and any signs
or symptoms of heart failure.
2. Assess the patient's medical
history, especially focusing on
cardiovascular and respiratory
conditions.
3. Confirm the patient's allergy
status, especially any known
allergies to Carvedilol or other
beta-blockers.
4. Educate the patient about the
purpose of Carvedilol, the
importance of adherence, and
potential side effects.
1. Confirm the correct
medication, dose, and route
before administration.
2. Monitor blood pressure,
heart rate, and respiratory
rate regularly during and after
administration.
3. Hold the dose and notify the
healthcare provider if vital
signs indicate a need for
dosage adjustment.
4. Assess the patient's response
to the medication, including
improvements or
exacerbations of heart failure
symptoms.
5. Advise the patient to rise
slowly from a sitting or lying
position to prevent
orthostatic hypotension.
1. Document the administration details,
including the time, dosage, and any
observed patient responses.
2. Reinforce medication instructions,
including the importance of taking
Carvedilol as prescribed and not
skipping doses.
3. Educate the patient about potential
side effects, such as dizziness or
fatigue.
4. Provide guidance on managing
common side effects and symptoms,
such as orthostatic hypotension or
bradycardia.

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION

ACTION
Generic Name: Insulin glargine is Insulin glargine is 1. Hypersensitivity 1. Hypoglycemia:
Insulin Glargine designed to provide a indicated for the to insulin glargine Common adverse
Brand Name: slow, continuous release treatment of or any of its effect, especially if
Lantus of insulin, mimicking the diabetes mellitus components. the dosage is too
Classification: basal insulin secretion in adults and high.
Long-acting insulin that occurs in non- children. 2. Injection Site
analog diabetic individuals. This Reactions: Redness,
Actual dosage, results in a relatively swelling, or itching at
route, frequency: constant level of insulin the injection site.
10 units SQ OD qHS
 activity over a 24-hour
period.

Before During After

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION

ACTION
Generic Name: Rebamipide exerts Gastric Ulcers and • Hypersensitivity • Gastrointestinal
Rebamipide mucoprotective Gastritis: to rebamipide or Disturbances:
Brand Name: effects by increasing • Rebamipide any of its Nausea, diarrhea,
Mucosta the production of is indicated components. abdominal
Classification: mucin, which for the discomfort.
Gastrointestinal enhances the treatment • Allergic Reactions:
mucoprotective protective barrier of of gastric Rash, itching,
agent the gastric mucosa. It ulcers and swelling.
Actual dosage, also has anti- gastritis.
route, frequency: inflammatory and
100 mg/tab antioxidant
1 tab PO, TID properties.

Before During After

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION

ACTION
Generic Name: The exact • Management • Hypersensitivity • Hepatotoxicity:
Paracetamol mechanism is not of mild to to paracetamol Overdose can lead
Brand Name: fully understood, moderate or any of its to severe liver
Acetaminophen but paracetamol is pain (such as components. damage.
Classification: believed to inhibit headache, • Severe liver • Allergic reactions
• Classification: the synthesis of muscle disease. (rare).
Analgesic (pain prostaglandins in aches, and
reliever) the central nervous toothache)
• Antipyretic system, leading to • Reduction of
(fever reducer) its analgesic and fever
Actual dosage, route, antipyretic effects.
frequency: 300 mg
IVTT
Q4 PRN for fever with
T >38 °C
Before During After