Divine Word College of Bangued

Bangued, Abra
School of Arts, Sciences and Education

LESSON 7 PERSONAL POLLUTION

DISCUSSION/REVIEW QUESTIONS (To be submitted on November 27, 2021)

1. What are the pros and cons of eating “natural” foods and foods that contain chemical
additives?
Pros:
1. Increases product shelf life: Additives act as food preservative by combatting
bacteria and virus growth extending the food shelf-life. They maintain the quality of
food products for a longer period.
2. Increase nutrients value: Adding additives to processed food helps maintain the
nutrient value of the product. The nutrition helps maintain a balanced diet.
3. Enhance the flavor: Processing tasks can alter the food flavor, therefore adding
additives enhance the flavor and taste of your food.
4. Preserve texture: Some food additives added to the food to improve on its
texture and appearance. They also maintain the consistency of the product.
5. Mass production: Additives are added to the food products during production
and suppliers don’t have to worry about spoilt products and food poisoning. This
enables them to produce food products in large quantities.
6. Reduce foodborne diseases: Adding additives to the food prevent the growth of
micro-bacteria and any virus caused by decaying food.
7. Prevent build-up of fat: Antioxidants added to foods with unsaturated fats
prevents the build-up of fatty deposits around the arteries.
8. Reduce premature birth: Folic acid supplement prevents pre-mature birth and
malformation in early pregnancy stages.
9. Reduce food spoilage: Adding additives help keep the food fresh thus reducing
food losses.
10. Promote the development of food industries: Use of food additives to improve
the nutrition value, increase the taste and appearance of the cooked food has
contributed to the growth of food industries.
 Divine Word College of Bangued
Bangued, Abra
School of Arts, Sciences and Education

Cons:
1. Health complications: Some food additives consist of harmful components to
human life. BHA preservative causes nausea, diarrhea and even shortness of
breath for some people. Too much salt can result in a heart attack.
2. Destroy vitamins in food: Although they are being used to enhance the color and
increase the nutrient value of food, they destroy the vitamins since additives
replace real ingredients and make bad quality food look appetizing.
3. A decrease in food prices: Food additives have contributed to decreased food
prices since additives will be used to preserve excess food. This leads to greater
food supply and more suppliers.
4. Increase obesity and diabetes: Corn-syrup additive used in processed foods
increase the chances of being obese and diabetic.
5. Cancer: Some components included to the additives are linked to
cancer. According to research carried, the carcinogenic component can cause
cancer in animals.
6. Cause allergy: Some food additives may cause some allergies to some people
or gastric irritation.
7. Trick the eyes: Food products and drinks can be added to a lot of additives to
retain the appearance or make them look bright. These bright colors may make
you think your take healthy product.
8. Replace real ingredients: Manufacturers may replace the real ingredient in a
commodity and add additives to bring out the same flavor. Due to these unethical
practices, consumers are bound to suffer in long run.
9. Leads to food poisoning: Huge quantities in processed food and in meat
products to preserve them for long life may turn poisonous.
10. Expensive natural ingredients: There is a growing concern of individual shifting
from synthetic and artificial food additives to natural ingredients which turn out to
be very expensive to consumers.
Source: https://prosancons.com/food/pros-and-cons-of-food-additives/
 Divine Word College of Bangued
Bangued, Abra
School of Arts, Sciences and Education

2. Is an analgesic a pain killer or a germ fighter? Explain.

Analgesics are medicines that are used to relieve pain. They are also known as painkillers
or pain relievers. Technically, the term analgesic refers to a medication that provides relief
from pain without putting you to sleep or making you lose consciousness.

3. Many consumer products are almost identical in chemical composition but are sold under
different brand names and at varying prices. Do you think these products should be
identified by their chemical (generic) names or their trade names? Why?
Drugs often have several names. When a drug is first discovered, it is given a chemical
name, which describes the atomic or molecular structure of the drug. The chemical name is
thus usually too complex and cumbersome for general use. Next, a shorthand version of the
chemical name or a code name (such as RU 486) is developed for easy reference among
researchers.
When a drug is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA—the U.S. government
agency responsible for ensuring that drugs marketed in the United States are safe and
effective), it is given a
Generic (official) name
Brand (proprietary or trademark or trade) name
For example, phenytoin is the generic name and Dilantin is a brand name for the same
drug, which is a commonly used antiseizure drug.
The generic name is assigned, in the United States, by an official body—the United States
Adopted Names (USAN) Council.
The brand name is developed by the company requesting approval for the drug and
identifies it as the exclusive property of that company.
When a drug is under patent protection, the company markets it under its brand name.
When the drug is off-patent (no longer protected by patent), the company may market its
product under either the generic name or brand name. Other companies that file for
approval to market the off-patent drug must use the same generic name but can create their
own brand name. As a result, the same generic drug may be sold under either the generic
name (for example, ibuprofen) or one of many brand names (such as Advil or Motrin).
 Divine Word College of Bangued
Bangued, Abra
School of Arts, Sciences and Education

Generic and brand names must be unique to prevent one drug from being mistaken for
another when drugs are prescribed and prescriptions are dispensed. To prevent this
possible confusion, the FDA must agree to every proposed brand name.
Government officials, doctors, researchers, and others who write about the new compound
use the drug’s generic name because it refers to the drug itself, not to a particular
company’s brand of the drug or a specific product. However, doctors often use the brand
name on prescriptions, because it is easier to remember and doctors usually learn about
new drugs by the brand name.
Generic names are usually more complicated and harder to remember than brand names.
Many generic names are a shorthand version of the drug’s chemical name, structure, or
formula. In contrast, brand names are usually catchy, often related to the drug’s intended
use, and relatively easy to remember, so that doctors will prescribe the drug and consumers
will look for it by name. Brand names often suggest a characteristic of the drug. For
example, Lopressor lowers blood pressure, Glucotrol controls high blood sugar (glucose)
levels, and Skelaxin relaxes skeletal muscles. Sometimes, the brand name is simply a
shortened version of the drug’s generic name—for example, Minocin for minocycline.
The term generic, when applied to such items as foods and household products, is used to
describe a less expensive, sometimes less effective or lower-quality copycat version of a
brand-name product. However, most generic drugs, although less expensive than the
comparable brand-name drug, are as effective and of the same quality as the brand-name
drug (see Bioequivalence and Interchangeability of Generic Drugs). In fact, generic drug
makers manufacture many brand-name products for companies that control the brand
names. Sometimes, more than one generic version of a drug is available. For example,
many manufacturers sell versions of acetaminophen, a nonprescription drug commonly
used to relieve pain and fever.
Source: https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/brand-name-and-generic-drugs/overview-
of-generic-drugs-and-drug-naming
4. Differentiate between an active and a passive smoker.
VO2max was significantly higher in non-smokers compared to active smokers and passive
smokers. However, the VO2max of passive smokers did not differ from active smokers.
 Divine Word College of Bangued
Bangued, Abra
School of Arts, Sciences and Education

Source: de Borba, A.T., Jost, R.T., Gass, R. et al. The influence of active and passive
smoking on the cardiorespiratory fitness of adults. Multidiscip Respir Med 9, 34 (2014).
https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-6958-9-34
5. What are the effects of alcohol on the human body?
Brain:
Alcohol interferes with the brain’s communication pathways, and can affect the way the
brain looks and works. These disruptions can change mood and behavior, and make it
harder to think clearly and move with coordination.
Heart:
Drinking a lot over a long time or too much on a single occasion can damage the heart,
causing problems including:
 Cardiomyopathy – Stretching and drooping of heart muscle
 Arrhythmias – Irregular heart beat
 Stroke
 High blood pressure
Liver:
Heavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can lead to a variety of problems and liver
inflammations including:
 Steatosis, or fatty liver
 Alcoholic hepatitis
 Fibrosis
 Cirrhosis
Pancreas:
Alcohol causes the pancreas to produce toxic substances that can eventually lead to
pancreatitis, a dangerous inflammation and swelling of the blood vessels in the pancreas
that prevents proper digestion.
Cancer:
According to the National Cancer Institute: "There is a strong scientific consensus that
alcohol drinking can cause several types of cancer. In its Report on Carcinogens, the
 Divine Word College of Bangued
Bangued, Abra
School of Arts, Sciences and Education

National Toxicology Program of the US Department of Health and Human Services lists
consumption of alcoholic beverages as a known human carcinogen.
 "The evidence indicates that the more alcohol a person drinks–particularly the more alcohol
a person drinks regularly over time–the higher his or her risk of developing an alcohol-
associated cancer. Even those who have no more than one drink per day and people who
binge drink (those who consume 4 or more drinks for women and 5 or more drinks for men
in one sitting) have a modestly increased risk of some cancers. Based on data from 2009,
an estimated 3.5% of cancer deaths in the United States (about 19,500 deaths were alcohol
related."
 Clear patterns have emerged between alcohol consumption and increased risks of certain
types of cancer:
 Head and neck cancer, including oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx cancers.
 Esophageal cancer, particularly esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, people
who inherit a deficiency in an enzyme that metabolizes alcohol have been found to have
substantially increased risks of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma if they consume
alcohol.
Liver cancer.
 Breast cancer: Studies have consistently found an increased risk of breast cancer in women
with increasing alcohol intake. Women who consume about 1 drink per day have a 5 to 9
percent higher chance of developing breast cancer than women who do not drink at all.
Colorectal cancer.
Immune System:
Drinking too much can weaken your immune system, making your body a much easier
target for disease. Chronic drinkers are more liable to contract diseases like pneumonia
and tuberculosis than people who do not drink too much. Drinking a lot on a single
occasion slows your body’s ability to ward off infections – even up to 24 hours after getting
drunk.
 Divine Word College of Bangued
Bangued, Abra
School of Arts, Sciences and Education

1. THINGS TO DO: ( To be submitted on November 27, 2021)

Ask
your parents or grandparents if they have witnessed food poisoning on animals, humans, plants, etc.
Give report on these.
It was the time I was having my vacation at my grandparent’s and my grandpapa loves to put some
trap with some pesticide in it. He used to do that everyday because we were dealing with mice and
rats that he called pests inside our home. But suddenly the food in the supposed to be trapped ate by
our dog accidentally and our dog died due to food poisoned with the pesticide that was mixed with the
supposed to be a trap food for the rats.
2. Research on the different Laws passed by congress that are applicable to personal pollution.
Always write your complete source/s including date of publication.
[REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8749]
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL POLICY
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
This Act, which is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 1255 and House Bill No. 6216 was
finally passed by the Senate and the House of Representatives on May 13, 1999 and May
10, 1999, respectively.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 3931
AN ACT CREATING THE NATIONAL WATER AND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
COMMISSION
Approved: June 18, 1964
Source: https://www.chanrobles.com/RA3931.htm#.YZpjOPlBzrc