特殊情况下的无线电通话用语手册

Guidance on Radiotelephony Communications
under Unusual/Emergency Situations
ICAO
70%
ICAO ICAO
DOC9835/AN453 12611
ICAO9835
2008 1
PAN PAN MAYDAY
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122
128
131
ASSIST
1Acknowledge: Make sure you understood the nature of emergency

and acknowledge accordingly.
2Separation: Dont forget to establish/maintain separation
3Silence: Impose silence on your control frequency if necessary.

Dont disturb urgent cockpit actions by unnecessary transmissions!
4Inform: Inform your supervisor and other sectors/units concerned.
5Support: Give maximum support to pilot and crew.
6Time: Allow pilots sufficient time to work on their problem.
PAN PAN MAYDAY
1
PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PANindicates an urgent condition,
one of being concerned about safety, and requiring timely BUT NOT
immediate assistance.
PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN
PAN PAN
2
MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAYindicates that an aircraft is
being threatened by serious or imminent danger and requires
immediate assistance.
MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY
MAYDAY
C: HDA397, Guangzhou Approach, do you declare emergency? I can not quite

follow you, calm down and report your trouble. (what has occurred?)
397
C: VIR081, confirm squawk A7500?

081
7500
C: CSN3516, Hongqiao Tower, calm down, please say again your trouble slowly
and use simple words.
3516
C: CES2857, Harbin Control, can you manage your aircraft all right at present?
What damage do you sustain (have)?
2857
C: DLH901, Beijing Approach, we understand youre in a terrible state (in a

difficult condition) emergency service will be ready for you on your arrival as
soon as possible.
901
C: CCA1508, Shanghai Control, roger you have gear extension problem, we will
inform Air China Dispatch of your trouble, calm down and remain this
frequency.
1508
C: CAL543, Zhuhai Approach, what is the nature of your emergency?

543
3
4
5
6
7
()
anonymous call
emergency evacuation
escape chute (emergency slides)
the bomb disposal squad
explode
flame
explosion
hand grenade
threaten
terrorist
hostage
compromise
forced landing
burst
bank the aircraft
stall
jetway
air bridge/loading bridge
passenger gate
terminal
7
ground handling
conveyor
servicing truck
airport passenger bus/ferry
tug/towing tractor
tow bar
ground power unit
air steps
fire engine
ambulance
crash tender
wheelbarrow
security van
ice-melter
coach
refueller
hydrant dispenser
P: Zhengzhou Control, CCA1308, we have found explosions (bombs) on board.

1308
(
)
P: Chengdu Control, JAL818, we are hijacked, there is a bomb in our airplane.

818
P: Xiamen Tower, CCA1038, the guy said that a bomb is in his baggage.
1038
P: Shenzhen Tower, SIA416, we are delayed, an anonymous call said there was a
hand grenade on board.
416
P: Changchun Tower, SWR923, the rear cabin is on fire, a bomb exploded.

923
P: Beijing Control, UAE725, there seems to be a bomb on board.

725
P: Request first priority landing.
P: We want to divert to the airport which is closest to us.
P: We are returning, request emergency services on landing.
P: We intend to return to land but have to dump 25 tons of fuel first.

25
P: Yinchuan Tower, CES5103, well execute emergency evacuation after landing

and please send the bomb disposal squad to get on board right away.
5103
P: Shanghai Ground, AMU497, we are executing emergency evacuation, request

emergency services.
497
P: Tower, CSC9103, please check whether they can provide accommodation for
105 people at Wuhan or arrange ground transportation?
9103
105
C: EVA714, Shanghai Control, we have just received an anonymous call saying

theres a bomb on board and requirement your aircraft proceeding to Hong Kong,
whats your intention?
714
C: What is the nature of your emergency?
C: How can I help you?
C: Do you require the emergency equipment?
C: Shall we call the bomb disposal squad for you ?
C: The emergency equipment is standing by.
C: HDA018, Qingdao Tower, cancel takeoff, I say again, cancel takeoff,

suspected bomb on board, after the FOLLOW ME car, taxi back to the apron.
018
C: CSN3506, radar vectors to ILS runway 06, turn left heading 030 to GB and
descend to 2400m, youll be number 1.
3506
06
030 GB
2400
C: BAW159, Beijing Approach, proceed immediately to Beijing airport at

6000m, airport emergency assistance services have been notified.
159
6000
1:
P: Pan Pan, Pan Pan, Pan Pan, Hong Kong Approach, HAD929, we are coming
back, there seems to be a bomb on board, position 10 miles north of DOVAR,
heading 340, flight level 240.
C: HAD929 roger.
C: HAD929, descend to 8000 feet, turn left heading 270, report TAMOT.
P: Descending to 8000 feet, turn left heading 270, report TAMOT, HAD929.
10
DOVAR
TAMOT
TAMOT
2:
C: CSN3145, Guangzhou Approach, we have an anonymous call saying there is
a bomb on your aircraft.
P: Guangzhou Approach CSN3185, roger. We intend to return to land but have to
dump 20 tons of fuel first.
C: CSN3145, set heading to YV, after passing YV heading 350 to start dumping,
upon completion turn left heading 080 to YV, maintain 5100m.
P: Direct to YV, after passing YV heading 350 to start dumping, upon
completion turn left heading 080 to YV maintain 5100m, CSN3145.
3145
3145 20
3145 YV YV 350
080 YV5100
YV YV 350 080
YV5100 3145
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
flight control system

control system inoperative
system jammed
crank
thrust reverser
manual controls
handles
switch
stick
the elevator controls
the autopilot controls
rudder
elevator
boosted control
lever/stick/column
knobs
smooth
the control surface
aileron
slat
flap
spoiler
12
a flapless landing
flap setting
the full flaps position
retract the flaps
brakes are unreliable
the control stand
the rudder bar
the flap controls
steering wheel
airbrakes
flap angle
pitch trim
glare shield panel
autothrottle system
bank
turn
climb
dive
pressure sensor
accelerometer
trim indicator
shed
instrument landing system
microwave landing system
P: Guangzhou Control, UAL198, were having difficulties in maintaining

straight course, plane tends to drift to the right.
198
P: Shenyang Control, CES5107, were in manual control now, we dont have the
steering problem anymore. There must be something wrong with the boosted
control.
5107
P: Guilin Tower, CSZ8506, flaps and slats are jammed. We cant extend beyond
15 degrees.
13
8506 15
P: Shenzhen Tower, KAL451, flaps are jammed. They wont extend further
down than 15.
451
15
P: Zhuhai Approach, CES2105, we can have full flaps now, may be a lubrication
problem.
2105
P: Guangzhou Approach, MAH198, overheat lights on. The oil needs cooling
down.
198
P: Nanjing Approach, SIA074, we have been struck by lightning, the rear

fuselage damaged, weve lost the rudder and left elevator.
074
P: Chongqing Approach, CSN3109, we have lost control of the left aileron.

3109
P: Zhuhai Approach, CDG8123, we have got control problems, yaw damper

inoperative.
8123
P: Beijing Approach, VIR813, weve lost control of the pitch trim.

813
P: Beijing Control, KOR901, autopilot has got some trouble, now by manual
handling control.
901
P: Nanning Approach, CSH105, we have trouble with elevator control, it is

fluttering (shaking) slightly, were to keep higher approach speed on final.
105
14
P: Zhengzhou Control, CCA1085, the A/C is rolling right and left up to 20

degrees, something (is) wrong with the rudder system.
1085
20
P: Tower, ANZ165 thrust reverser and air brake are failure.

165
P: Chongqing Ground, OKA9217, we are stuck halfway along taxiway D4 due to
unserviceable brakes and steering.
9217
D4
P: Guiyang Tower, CXA6017, we have a configuration problem.

6017
P: Wed like to hold over WBT to make further checks.

WBT
P: Ill have to hold for a while to sort this out.
P: Beijing Ground, DLH416, we have to taxi back to the apron due to flaps
setting problem, please advise ground mechanics we need their help.
416
P: Shanghai Tower, ABB036, we'll have to taxi back to the apron, our thrust
reverser is inoperative.
036
P: Request first priority landing.
P: Request send a tug to tow us back to the apron.
15
C: Report endurance.
Report fuel remaining time.
C: Report your intentions.
C: Do you require any additional assistance?
C: Request number of people on board.

(How many souls on board?)
C: Shall we call medical assistance for you ?
C: JAL268, Guangzhou Approach, cleared to land with higher approach speed,

be sure not to land beyond the touchdown zone.
268
C: CSZ6215, Shanghai Approach, cleared ILS approach runway 18L, you are
number one.
6215
18

16
C: All stations, Zhuhai Approach, stop transmitting MAYDAY.
C: All stations, Shenzhen Tower, distress traffic ended.
C: Airport emergency assistance services will be notified.
1:
P: MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY, Beijing Control, CCA982, we lost control
of the aircraft, pitcher inoperative, 9600m, descending.
C: CCA 982, Beijing Control, roger MAYDAY. Break Break, all stations,
emergency descent between PSN and VMB, all aircraft below 9600m between
PSN and VMB leave A593 to the east immediately.
P: Beijing Control, CCA 982, cancel distress, resume control of aircraft, wed
like to divert to Zhengzhou.
C: CCA982, roger cancel MAYDAY, any message we can pass on to
Zhengzhou?
P: Please advise ground mechanics, we need their help.
MAYDAYPSN
VMB PSM VMB
2:
P: Nanjing Approach, DLH699, we are climbing, part trousers of port engine
shed, hit the leading ledge, request come back and first priority landing.
C: DLH699, Nanjing Approach, you are number one, turn left heading 270 and
17
descend to 1200m.
P: Turn left heading 270 and descend to 1200m, DLH699.
P: Reaching 1200m.
C: DLH699, continue descending to 900m, ILS approach, RWY24, report
established on the localizer.
24
18
2
3
4
5
6
7
:
electric failure
DC generator
AC generator
APU
wire
circuit breaker
tripped circuit breaker
loose connection
the battery is down/flat
power supply
reset
power failure shortly
voltmeter
fuse
blown out fuse
lead
the bus bar
warning flags/ light
disconnect
short circuit
rectifier
engine-driven generator
19
solid state transformer

main switch
feeding
electrical unloading
IDG (Integrated Drive Generator)
TRU (Transformer Rectifier Units)
GCU (Generator Control Units)
BPCU (Bus Power Control Units)
P: Urumqi Control, CSC8791, No.2 engine shut down due to generator failure.
8791
P: Xian Control, UAL126 is reporting engine shutdown 45 miles north of Xian,

well divert to Xian cause we departed Shanghai with 2 generators and we only
have one left now.
126
45
P: Changsha Tower, CES2517, generator out of operation due to short circuit.

2517
P: Request immediate/priority landing at runway 36R.

/
36
P: Request radar vector.
P: Transponder switched off. (save energy)
P: Check and may reset the circuit breaker.
P: Shut down the generator.
20
P: Request visual approach.
P: Shut off the taxiing lights and landing lights.
P: Beijing Tower, AFR106, unable to start up, batteries down. Please help check
whether a GPU is available from Air China.
106
P: Guangzhou Approach, HVN591, we dont want to chance an instrument

approach, in case we lost power to the instruments, request the BTO latest
weather.
591
BTO

?
C: Report electrical power remaining.
C: Confirm squawk emergency.
C: Cleared ILS approach.
21
C: SVA973, Beijing Approach, cleared visual approach, RWY18R, you are

number one.
973
18
C: JAL791, Shanghai Control, if contact lost (communication failure), approach

and landing at your own discretion.
791
1:
P1: PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN Beijing Approach, CES5402,
engine-driven generator inoperative, KM 32, 8100m, using battery feeding. We
can fly less than 40 minutes. Request priority landing.
C: CES5402, Beijing Approach, follow KM 1A Arrival, runway 18L. You are
number one.
P1: Follow KM 1A , runway 18L, CES5402.
P2: PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN, Beijing Approach, CCA1201, we have
some problem with the circuit breaker. We have shut down the generator.
C: CCA1201, Beijing Approach, report your intention and electrical power
remaining.
P2: We are checking the power remaining. We may reset the circuit breaker in 2
minutes, CCA1201.
C: CCA1201, keep us advised.
P2: CCA1201.
P2: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, CCA1201, we can just fly 25 minutes,
request immediate landing, ETO VYK 35, 3300m.
C: CCA1201, standby. Break Break, CES5402 abort approach, divert to HUR
and hold as published, MAYDAY. I will call you back later.
P1: Divert to HUR and hold, CES5402.
C: CCA1201, cleared ILS approach runway 36R, you are number one.
P2: Cleared ILS approach runway 36R, CCA1201.
5402KM 32
40
5402 KM 1A 18
P1: KM 1A 18 5402
P1:
8100
C:
22
1201
C: 1201
P2:
2 1201
C: 1201
P2: 1201
P2: 1201 25
35 3300
C: 1201 5402 HUR
P1: HUR 5402

C: 1201 36
P2: 36 1201
P2:
2:
P: Beijing Tower, CSN3602, ILS approach, short final, electrical failure, we are
at low electrical power. We will shut off the landing lights and taxiing lights and
manual extend the landing gear due electrical unloading.
C: CSN3602, Beijing Tower, cleared to land, runway 36R.
P: Cleared to land, runway 36R, CSN3602.
C: CSN3602, go around, I say again, go around, unreported vehicle crossing
runway.
P: CSN3602, going around. We are at low electrical power, request visual
approach and priority landing.
C: CSN3602, cleared visual approach, runway 36R, left or right on your own
discretion, report on final.
P: Cleared visual approach, runway 36R, CSN3602.
P: CSN3602, final.
C: CSN3602, continue approach, cleared to land, runway 36R.
P: Cleared to land, runway 36R, CSN3602.
3602
C: 3602 36
P: 36 3602
C: 3602
P:
23
P:
C:
P:
P:
C:
P:
3602
3602 36
36 3602
3602
3602 36
36 3602
24
c) ,
d)
3
4
5
6
7
8
:
1
2
a)
b)
engine failure
engine trouble
engine flame out
engine shut down
engine feathered
engine surge
engine runs rough
engine runs smoothly
overheat
engine on fire
engine partially disintegrated
pod
fan
LP and HP compressor
nozzle
engine setting
set the engine to idle
25
disintegrate
Engine is low on power
loud thump
vibration
low rumble
loud bangs
bird ingestion
warning light flashing on
boost pump
nacelle (cowl
spinner
discharging
fire service assistance
air inlet or intake
fan blade
compressor blade
exhaust section
the RPM
throttle up/down
P: Lanzhou Tower, CDG7610, take-off aborted (abandoned) because no power

on engine No.2.
7610
P: Beijing Approach, KLM219, engine No.1 is overheating, probably due to bird

ingestion on take-off, request priority landing at runway 36R.
219
36

P: Wuhan Approach, CSH7913, No.3 engine feathered, unable to continue climb,
leveling at 3600m.
7913
3600
P: Engine starter trouble (failure).
26
P: Hohhot Control, CAL264, engine failure, emergency descent, heading 120.

264
120
P: Beijing Control, RBA627, request precautionary landing at Beijing due to

engine failure.
627
P: Jinan Control, CQH179, the fire warning lights just flashed on, engine on fire,
now discharging.
179
P: Shanghai Tower, UPS633, fire is out now, but we request fire service
assistance on landing.
633
P: Shanghai Control, CCA1509, No.2 engine intensive vibration (severe

vibration), reason unknown, we might shut down engine anytime.
1509
P: Zhengzhou Tower, CES5109, starboard (port) engine flamed out, we are

trouble-shooting.
5109
P: Guangzhou Approach, UKR495, we have a serious fuel leak in No. 4 engine.

495
P: QFA932, Pudong Tower, we have cut off (shut off) No.4 engine due to a fuel
line leak.
932
P: MAS681, Zhuhai Approach, fuel boost pump in right main tank is inoperative.
681
P: Xian Control, UIA457, fuel flow indicator of No.3 engine out of operation
(fluctuating), but we found No.3 engine working normally.
457
27
P: KAC129, fire broke out in the right engine after aircraft became airborne.
129
P: Chengdu Control, PAL105, dense smoke coming out of No.4 engine cowling
(engine nacelle), fire suspected.
105
P: Nanjing Approach, CES5321, 2700m maintaining, I say again, 2700m

maintaining, engine losing power, left engine losing power.
5321
P: Dalian control, MDA271, port engine air intake ingested birds during
climbing and engine flame out.
271
P: Guangzhou Control, this is AAL531 reporting engine shut down due to

malfunction of the pitch lock systems on the No. 2 engine.
531
P: Shanghai Control, CHH7196, cancel distress, engine restarted.

7196
P: Request priority landing at runway 36R.

36R
P: We request fire service assistance on landing.
P: Request emergency descent.
P: We intend to return to land but have to dump 20 tons of fuel first.

20
P: Fuel dumping completed, request approach.

,
28
P: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, Hong Kong Approach, VDA012, engine

failed, will attempt to land at your field, 5 miles south of CH, 6000ft, heading
360.
012
CH
5
6000
360
P: Chongqing Approach, CCA1035, weve got to come back due to a serious

power loss, request immediate landing.
1035
P: Tower, please relay this message to our maintenance base in Tianjin, we cant
seem to contact them: Had to shut down the No. 1 engine after hearing a loud
thump although cockpit instruments did not indicate a malfunction, fuel levels
going down on the No. 1 tank, must have been punctured by engine debris,
dispatch spare engine and tank to Beijing.
C: Can you keep level?
C: Which engine in trouble?
C: Can you accept regular radar vector?

?
C: What altitude and speed would you like?
29
C: Please check your landing weight.
C: Do you intend to dump fuel or waste (consume) fuel before landing?
C: Report registration number of your aircraft.

(How many souls on board?)
C: All stations, Hong Kong Tower, stop transmitting, MAYDAY.
C: All stations, Hong Kong Control, distress traffic ended, out.
C: KAL596, turn right proceed to QU, make straight in ILS approach RWY 36R.
596
QU
ILS
36
C: NWA105, roger MAYDAY, cleared VOR approach RWY 13, you are number
one.
105
VOR
13
C: OKA209, roger MAYDAY, airport emergency assistance service will be

notified.
30
209
C: YZR903, set heading to YV, after passing YV heading 350 to start dumping.
903
YV
YV
350
C: TNA038, join downwind RWY 36R, left or right to suit you.

038
36
C: All stations, emergency descent between WF and VM, all aircraft below
3900m between WF and VM leave corridor to the east immediately.
WF VM
WF VM
3900
C: The MVA (Minimum Vectoring Altitude)/MSA (Minimum Sector Altitude) is

1200m.
/
1200
C: The MVA/MSA in your area is 1200m.

/
1200
1:
PIL: Beijing Ground, CCA981, Gate 3 to Hong Kong, information B, ready for
pushback and start-up.
CTL: CCA981, standby.
PIL: Standing by, CCA981.
CTL: CCA981, pushback and start-up approved, expect runway 36L, D08
Departure, squawk 3123.
PIL: Pushback and start-up approved, runway 36L, D08 Departure, squawk 3123,
31
CCA981.
CTL: CCA981 taxi to holding point via taxiway D1 B1 B2 and B3.

PIL: Holding point via taxiway D1 B1 B2 and B3, CCA981.
CTL: CCA981, hold at holding point V, contact Tower 118.7.
PIL: Holding at holding point V, 118.7, CCA981.
CTL: CCA981, Beijing Tower, line up.
PIL: Lining up, CCA981.
CTL: CCA981, cleared for take-off, wind 340 degrees 8 m/s.
PIL: Taking off CCA981.
CTL: CCA981, stop immediately, I say again, stop immediately, flames coming
from your No. 2 engine.
PIL: Stopping, CCA981.
PIL: Beijing Tower, CCA981, we are standing on the stop way, request
emergence service.
CTL: CCA981 fire engines and ambulance will be available in a few minutes.
981 B
981
981
981 36 D08
3123
36 D08 3123
981
981 D1 B1 B2 B3
D1 B1 B2 B3 981
981 V 118.7
V 118.7 981
981
981
981 340 8
981
981
981
981
981
32
2:
P1: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, Hong Kong Approach, CSN3043, port
engine failed, will attempt to land at your airport, 5 miles west of Charlie, 8000ft,
heading 060.
C: CSN3043, Hong Kong Approach, roger MAYDAY, radar vectors to IGS
RWY 13, turn left heading 030 to CH and descend to 6000ft, youll be number
one if dangerous goods on board
P1: Left heading 030, descending to 6000ft, IGS RWY 13. Negative dangerous
goods, CSN3043.
P2: Hong Kong Approach, CCA1247.
C: CCA1247, stop transmitting MAYDAY. Break Break, all stations, Hong Kong
Approach, stop transmitting, MAYDAY.
3043Charlie
5 8000 060
3043 IGS 13
030 CH 6000
030 6000 IGS 13
3043
1247
1247
33
/
:
2
3
4
5
6
7
anti-icing system inoperative

de-icing system inoperative
the freezing level
icing
freezing rain
anti-icing fluid
flushing toilet
icing indicator
icing rate indicator
anti-icing duct
anti-icing air regulator
pneumatic impulse ice-protection system
anti-icing valve
pitot de-icer
P: Xian Control, CSH7103, we have encountered continuous severe icing at this

level, our anti-icing system is inoperative, request descent.
7103
P: Shenyang Control, JAL016, de-icing system is inoperative, request lower

level.
016

34
P: Guangzhou Control, BAW918, leading edges are iced over, request immediate
descent.
918
P: Anti-icing/de-icing system inoperative (unserviceable, failure, out of work).
C: Report your fuel remaining
C: Do you like to return or land immediately?
C: UEA914, Beijing Control, cleared descend to 7200m to avoid the icing area,
report reaching.
914
C: CPA105, descend to 900m and turn left heading 165 to ML.

105
900
165
ML
1:
P: PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN, Guangzhou Approach, CSN3579, anti-icing
35
system is unserviceable, request descent and weather condition en route.

C: CSN3579, Guangzhou Approach, roger PAN, descend and maintain 900m,
report reaching, cloud is building up on your route.
P: Guangzhou Approach, CSN3579, we are coming back.
C: CSN3579, Guangzhou Approach, roger, report your fuel remaining.
P: Guangzhou Approach, CSN3579, endurance 40 minutes, request priority
landing.
C: Negative due CCA102 engine failed, hold at YANGWU at 900m, inbound
track 163, correction, track 193, right hand pattern, outbound time one minute.
P: Hold at YANGWU at 900m, inbound track 193 right hand pattern, outbound
time one minute, CSN3579.
3579
3579 900
3579
3579
3579 40
102 YANGWU 900
163 193
YANGWU 900 193 1
3579
2:
P: Guangzhou Approach, CKK610, anti-icing system is unserviceable, request
descent.
C: CKK610, descend to 2700m and turn left heading 013 to TAN, report
reaching.
P: Descend to 2700m, heading 013 to TAN, call you reaching, CKK610.
P: Level at 2700m, fuel remaining 45 minutes, we cant return, we would like to
divert to our alternate, CKK610.
C: Roger, contact 119.1.
P: 119.1, CKK610.
610
36
610 2700 013 TAN

2700 013 TAN, , 610
2700 45
610
119.1
119.1 610
37
4000
5
6
1
2
3
4
windscreen ( )
windshield ( )
windshield problem
windshield is iced over
outer windshield crazed
inner windshield
wiper
bird strike
smash
crack
transverse crack
shatter
unknown foreign object
thump
decompression
oxygen masks
P: Shanghai Control, AIC204, it looks like our windshields iced over. Does the
Met confirm severe icing in the area?
38
204
P: Chengdu Approach, CPA508, outer windshield panel appears to be crazed by

hailstones or lightning, because we heard a thump.
508
P: Xiamen Tower, DLH781, first officer windshield was smashed due unknown
foreign object strike.
781
P: Lhasa Tower, CCA1503, first officer has been seriously injured after bird
strike.
1503
P: Sanya Tower, CXA512, hailstones have ripped off the nose cone, caused a big
hole in port engine cowling and cracked the windshield.
512
P: Restricted visibility.
P: Request priority landing at runway 06.

06
P: Guiyang Tower, CCA1502, request oxygen supply on landing for about 10

passengers, because several oxygen masks didnt drop out at decompression.
1502
10
P: Kunming Tower, CSN3501, request medical assistance on landing, 5

passengers have been injured during decompression.
39
3501 5
C: Do you have a decompression problem?
C: Do you intend to dump fuel or hold to waste (consume) fuel before landing?
C: What type of approach will you perform?
C: Confirm squawk emergency.
C: Descend to 4800m and reduce speed to 600km/h.

4800
600
C: You are number one.
C: Join downwind, left or right on your own discretion.
40
C: Keep us advised.
C: Divert to Wuhan for immediate landing
C: All stations, emergency descent between WF and VM, all aircraft below
3900m between WF and VM leave corridor to the east immediately.
WF VM
WF VM
3900
C: The MVA (Minimum Vectoring Altitude)/MSA (Minimum Sector Altitude) is

1200m.
/
1200
C: The MVA/MSA in your area is 1200m.

/
1200
1:
P: PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN, Beijing Approach, CSN3105, our
windshield panel appears to be crazed by hailstones or lightning, because we
heard a thump. Cockpit cabin decompression. We have to land immediately.
C: CSN3105, Beijing Approach, report your current position.
P: We are now 3 miles DME north of VYK at 6000m, request priority landing.
C: CSN3105, follow VYK 1A Arrival, runway 18R, you are number one.
P: Follow VYK 1A, runway 18R, CSN3105.
C: CSN3105, make straight in approach ILS runway 18R, wind 175 degrees
12m/s, QNH 1001. Do you require any additional assistance?
P: Straight in ILS runway 18R, QNH 1001, no more assistance, thank you very
much, CSN3105.
3105
3105
41
3 6000
3105 VYK 1A 18
VYK 1A 18 3105
3105 18 175 12 QNH 1001
18 QNH 1001
3105
2:
P: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, Beijing Control, CCA981, we have a
situation.
C: CCA981, Beijing Control, how can I help you?
P: Our aircraft was damaged when flying through a hailstorm 10 minutes ago,
hailstones have ripped off the nose cone, caused a big hole in port engine
cowling and cracked the windshield. First officer has been seriously injured. We
are making an emergency descent, request priority landing. Our position 40
DME 130 radial VYK VOR at 8400m.
C: CCA981, roger MAYDAY. Reduce speed and descend to 3600m, report
reaching. Break Break, all stations, stop transmitting, MAYDAY. Break, all
stations, emergency descent between TER and VNG, all aircraft below 8400m
between TER and VNG leave the area to the west immediately.
P: Beijing Control, CCA981, level at 3600m.
C: CCA981, windshear warning, strong low level windshear observed in the
vicinity of Beijing airport at 1500 hours, advise divert to the alternate.
P: CCA981, roger, we are diverting to our alternate, please advise them we need
ambulance and emergency assistance.
C: CCA981, wilco, ambulance and emergency assistance there will be notified.
981
981
10
VOR 130 40
8400
981 3600
TER VNG
42
TER VNG 8400
981 3600
98115
981
981
43
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
pilots cabin
passenger cabin
rear cabin
toilet(restroom)
baggage hold
fire warning(alarm)
cargo compartment
extinguisher
evacuation
open flame
emergency slides/escape chutes
fire engine
fire brigade/firemen
firefighting equipment
asphyxia/suffocate
engine bleed air system
P: Fire detected in rear baggage hold (in rear cabin).
P: Fire has been put out (has been extinguished) by cabin staff.
44

P: Fire under control now, smoke steady dispersing.
P: Dense smoke spread all over the cabin.
P: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, Beijing Approach, BAW193, engine on fire,

making forced landing 20km south of Beijing, passing 3000m heading 030.
193
20
3000
030

P: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, Wuhan Tower, JAE407, left engine on fire,
emergency slides are released, request fire services and first-aid.
407
P: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, Beijing Tower, CCA1308, we have an

explosion and is on fire, the aircraft is disintegrating, making forced landing 20
miles south of VYK.
1308
20

P: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, Lanzhou Tower, TWA790, cabin on fire,
we have dense smoke in the cabin, several passengers have suffocated.
790
P: Hohhot Control, CES5017, we have a smell of burnt rubber in the cabin,

suspect risk of fire.
5017
P: Beijing Control, IAW819, smoke was detected in the rear cargo compartment,
extinguisher has been discharged.
819
P: Guilin Tower, ANA459, three passengers are seriously burned.

45
459
P: Changchun Tower, AIC957, we got deck fire, well execute emergency
evacuation after landing.
957
P: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, Yanji Tower, CDG792, aborted takeoff,

engine on fire, request emergency assistance.
792
P: Request priority landing at runway 36R.

36
P: Request fire service assistance and first aid on landing.
C: Do you intend to dump fuel before landing?

46

C: Report number of people on board.
(How many souls on board?
1:
P: Nanjing Approach, CSN3501, cabin on fire.
C: CSN3501, Nanjing Approach, report fire position and condition.
P: The rear aisle carpet is on fire. Someone set fire to the petrol in a can.
C: Roger, please try to keep the passengers in order. Weve informed firefighting
and other related services.
P: The illegal guy has been arrested. Fire is extinguished by the passengers and
flight attendants.
C: Roger, we will let you make a priority landing in case something else should
happen.
: 3501
: 3501
:
:
:
:
2:
P: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, Beijing Control, CCA981, smoke coming
from engine bleed air system, we suspect that something is on fire. We have
dropped the oxygen mask.
C: CCA981, youre cleared to turn and descend at your own discretion. Break
Break. All aircraft between TAMOT and VYK, leave A593 to the west
immediately, MAYDAY.
C: CCA981, whats your intention?
P: Were examining the mechanism and trying to locate the fire, request priority
landing, CCA981.
47
C: CCA981, cleared straight in approach, RWY 18R, youll be number one.

P: Straight in approach, RWY 18R CCA981.
P: Now we have open flame in the cargo compartment and rear cabin, several
passengers are burnt, request first aid and fire service on landing, CCA981.
C: CCA981, roger, airport emergency services will be notified.
981
981 TAMOT
A593
981
981
981 18
18 981
981
981
48
A7500
3 A7500
5
6
7
8
9
10
:
hijack
intimidate/threaten
compel/force
terrorist
hostage
compromise
scheduled flight
non-scheduled flight
outbound flight
inbound flight
domestic flight
international flight
extra section flight
charter flight
passenger flight
cargo flight
49
business flight
special flight, state flight
general aviation
flight dispatcher
transit passenger
pilot
captain
co-pilot (first officer)
pilot-in-command
flight crew
cabin crew
stewardess
purser
ramp commander, ramp controller
P: Fuzhou Approach, CCA1208, four hijackers attempted (tried) to hijack our

aircraft.
1208
P: Shenyang Control, CDG6591, the hijackers intimidated (compelled/forced) us

to fly to Guangzhou.
6591
P: Hefei Tower, CCA1387, the terrorists threatened to blow up (to destroy) the
A/C, if we dont comply with their demands (requirements).
1387
(
)
P: Chengdu Approach, CSC7295, we were forced to accept their request to fly to

Hong Kong.
7295
P: Shanghai Control, CCA1279, were being hijacked, the guy (chap) wants us
to land in Tokyo, but well have to refuel at Shanghai airport, request immediate
descent.
1279
50
P: Xiamen Tower, CSH7193, the guy (hijacker) wants one million US dollars in
cash, there will have to be a car waiting for him at the end of runway, he says
hell have to keep three passengers as hostages and shoot them if the police
attempt to catch him.
7193
P: Guangzhou Tower, CQH8219, we had conquered (subjugated/overcome) them,

but a few persons got injured, request medical assistance and ambulances on
landing.
8219
P: The hijackers were compromised with the aircrew.
C: Confirm squawk A7500?

7500
C: Did you declare hijacking?
C: How many hijackers on board?
C: Whats their request?
C: Whats their intention?
51
C: What kinds of weapons they have?
C: Report fuel remaining time.
1:
C: CCA981, Beijing Control, confirm squawk 7500.
P: Beijing Control, four hijackers attempted (tried) to hijack our aircraft.
C: CCA981, whats their intention?
P: The hijackers intimidated us to fly to Hong Kong, and threatened to blow up
the aircraft, if we fail to comply with their requirement.
C: CCA981, report your intentions.
P: Beijing Control, we have to accept their requirement to fly to Hong Kong,
CCA981.
C: CCA981, roger, direct to VYK, any message we can pass to the police for
you?
981 7500
981
981
981
981
52
2:
P: Beijing Tower, CSN3036, we have been hijacked.
C: CSN3036, Beijing Tower, how many hijackers on board, and what kind of
weapons they have?
P: Four hijackers, with guns, CSN3036.
P: Beijing Tower, CSN3036, we had conquered them, but a few persons got
injured, request medical assistance and ambulances on landing.
C: CSN3036, roger , the emergency assistance equipment is standing by.
3036
3036
3036
3036
3036
53
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
(for RNAV)
primary surveillance radar (PSR)

precision approach radar (PAR)
secondary surveillance radar (SSR)
airport surveillance radar (ASR)
radar position indication (RPI)
radar position symbol (RPS)
PSR blip
SSR response
radar separation/non-radar separation
aircraft proximity
radar clutter
radar contact
identified
(compulsory) reporting point
significant point
way point
C: AFR716, radar control terminated due radar failure.

716

54
C: CES5109, identification lost due radar failure.

5109
C: CSN3519, resume own navigation. If possible maintain own separation and

VMC.
3519
C: All stations, Beijing Control, ATC radar failure, converting to non-radar

control.
C: All stations, SSR malfunction, PSR signal is heavily jammed, maintain own
separation and proceed with caution. Repair is under way.
C: CSN3051, radar failure, converting to non-radar separation, maneuver left

and right for spacing.
3051
C: ANA878, I am unable to give you further clearance at this time, I've got a
problem, the radar has failed at ACC, call you back.
878
C: TWA790, en-route radar failure, direct to TAMOT, contact Hong Kong

Approach 119.1.
790
TAMOT
119.1
C: CSC155, radar unserviceable, I can no longer assist you, reduce speed by

30kts to increase separation, report over SWK.
155
30
SWK
C: CAL102, our radar is operation on low power at the moment, we are unable
to spot primary targets, adjust speed so as to cross MG 35.
102
35
MG
55
C: UEA219, Beijing Control, radar failure, report your position.

219
C: Resume position report.
C: Report estimate of HLG

HLG
C: Report present level.
C: Report leaving/reaching/passing 3000m.

/
/
3000
C: Report passing PEK.

PEK
C: Report DME 10 from PEK DME.

PEK DME10
C: Report distance from PEK.

PEK
1
C: CCA1032, hold visual over the airport.
1032
C: CSN3108, hold at VYK as published, maintain 3000m, expect approach

(further clearance) at 10.
3108
3000
/
10

56
3 NDB/VOR
C: NWA398, hold at BX, maintain 3000m, inbound track 360 degrees, right (left)
hand pattern, outbound time 1 minute, expect approach (further clearance) at 10.
398
BX
3000
360
/
1
/
10

4VOR/DME
C: SAS939, hold on the 345 radial of the VYK VOR at 10 DME (between 10
and 20 DME), maintain 3000m, inbound track 165 degrees, right (left) hand
pattern, expect approach (further clearance) at 10.
939
VOR 345
DME 10
DME10 20
3000
165
/
/
10
C: Expect approach time 10.

10
C: Revised expected approach time 10.
10
C: Delay not determined.
Report fuel remaining in time.
C: HDA017, now radar regained (resume operation), Ill continue to pass

instructions.
017
C: All stations, Beijing Control, radar now available, resuming radar control.
57
C: UAL668, SSR resume operation, squawk 5312 for identification.

668
5312
1:
C: All stations, Beijing Control, radar failure, radar control service terminated,
establishing non-radar separation now.
C: CSN301, Beijing Control, report your position.
P1: Beijing Control, CSN301, EPGAM 49, 9000m, estimating VYK 57.
C: CSN301, direct to VYK, report reaching.
P1: Roger, CSN301.
C: CCA981, make an orbit right for spacing. Break Break, DLH290, climb and
maintain 9000m, hold between CH and JR, right hand pattern, youre too close
to the preceding aircraft.
P2: CCA981, roger, orbiting right.
P3: Holding between CH and JR at 9000m, DLH290.
(Later)
C: All stations, Beijing Control, radar is now operative, resuming radar control.
C: CCA981, squawk 3572 for identification.
P2: Squawking 3572, CCA981.
C: CCA981, identified, youre cleared to VYK, report reaching. Break Break,
DLH290, holding ended, you may proceed en-route.
P3: DLH290.
301
1 301EPGAM 49 9000 57
301
1 301
981 290 9000
CH JR
2 981
3 CH JR 290
58
981 3572
2 3572 981
981
290
3 290
2:
C: JAL289, Wuhan Control, we have a radar failure, radar service terminated, 75
kilometers north of WXI, resume position report.
P: Wuhan Control, JAL289, roger, estimating WXI at 1510 at 10,200 meters.
C: JAL289, Wuhan Control, traffic over WXI, opposite direction at 10800
meters.
P: JAL289, roger.
C: JAL289, Wuhan Control, cross WXI at or after 1512, then descend and
maintain 9600 meters.
289 WXI
75
289 WXI 1510 10800
289 WXI
10800
289
289 1512 WXI 9600
59
5
6
9
10
1
2
undercarriage trouble
landing gear
gear locked
the wheel door
burst
extend/retract the gear
crank the gear down
appear down/up
jar the wheel down
collapsed
spray
belly landing
gear up landing
foam carpet
gear check
60
jam
low pass
the nose wheel
the wheel well
a flat(deflated) tyre
puncture
emergency extension system
the gear is jammed
does not appear down/up
touch and go
fuel dumping
divert
P: Lanzhou Tower, CXA517, we have undercarriage trouble, we would like to

overshoot.
517
P: Beijing Approach, SAS891, were having difficulties with landing gear.

891
P: Xiamen Tower, DLH169, we have a full emergency now. Were unable to

lower (extend put out) the nose wheel, wed like to make a low pass so that you
can check whether nose wheel is down.
169
P: Tower, we have trouble with extending the landing gear.
P: Nose gear does not appear down.
P: Zhuhai Approach, BAW819, the hydraulic pressure is dropping fast. Well

check gear extension, call you back.
819

61
P: Hong Kong Approach, UAL739, only one green is on. We have lost the main
gear. Well try manual.
739
P: AUA047, two tyres burst on left main landing gear.

047
P: Wed like to hold over FGH to make further checks.

FGH
P: Hongqiao Tower, ANA171, wed like to make a low pass so that you can
check whether nose wheel is down.
171
P: Kunming Tower, HVN583, request low pass for visual check.

583
P: Hongqiao Tower, MDA926, request touch and go to jar the wheel down.
P: Hongqiao Tower, MDA926 request permission for touch and go. Well
attempt to jar the wheel down.
926
P: Lanzhou Approach, CSH153, we have 4000lbs left, thats 20 minutes

endurance. Wed like to keep about 3000lbs in case we had to overshoot.
153
4000
20
3000
P: Endurance is about 30 minutes.

30
P: Haikou Tower, CCA1507, take-off aborted, undercarriage fire, emergency

evacuation passengers.
1507
62
C: CSZ106, Shenyang Approach, do you intend to make another approach

straight away or to hold somewhere?
106
C: Report fuel remaining in time.
C: Suggest make a low pass for visual check.
C: Do you want to land on the concrete runway or on the grass runway?
C: Suggest make a touch and go to jar the wheel down.
C: UAL901, Urumqi Tower, confirm you decide to make a touch and go, and
attempt to jar the wheel down.
910
C: NWA906, proceed to VBT, hold as published, maintain 2100 meters, report

check completed.
906
VBT
2100
C: CPA109, Beijing Tower, cleared low pass runway 36R, not below 150 meters,
report final.
109
36
150
C: CYZ284, Nanjing Tower, make a low pass on the left-hand side of runway 24.
Ill keep you advised.
63
284 24
C: CSA831, cleared for touch and go on runway 36R.
831
36
C: MGL729, you are cleared to land at pilots own discretion on the soft grass
ground at east of the runway.
729
C: No nose wheel.
C: Landing gear appears down.
C: Right (leftnose) wheel appears up (down).

///
C: Right (leftnose) wheel does not appear up (down).
///
C: Nose wheel is only half way down.
P: Hongqiao Tower, JAL804, check completed. I think gear is still jammed, but
Im not quite positive about it.
804
P: MEA508, Beijing Tower, nose wheel still appears to be jammed.

508
P: MSR741, were unable to crank landing gear down.

741
64
1.
P: Dalian Tower, ANA399, we have to make a belly landing, request foam the
runway and dumping instructions.
399
P: Beijing Tower, QTR406, well have to make a gear up landing, request foam
carpet at the touchdown zone of the runway.
406
P: Please have the emergency equipment standby.
2. :
C: Check your landing weight.
3. :
C: JAL882, Beijing Tower, its going to take about 30 minutes to foam the
runway. Youll land on 36R.
882
30
36
C: ACA892, Guangzhou Tower, the foam carpet should be ready in 10 minutes.

892
10
C: OKA501, emergency services have been already arranged and tug will be
ready to tow your aircraft to apron.
501

65
C: DLH104, Chengdu Tower, runway is being foamed, expect approach shortly.

104
C: AAL918, the foam carpet is 900m after the threshold, it is 15m wide and
800m long, report established on the localizer.
918
900
15
800
C: CUA4879, Zhuhai Tower, have a thorough check before landing.

4879
C: SAA471, Pudong Tower, sorry, the foam carpet aids (no foam spraying
service) are unserviceable in the airport, request proceeding to your alternate
aerodrome.
471
4.
C: Confirm you have enough fuel to overshoot?
C: Report your endurance please.
1:
C: CCA1203, cleared for take-off, wind 340 degrees 8m/s.
P: Taking off, CCA123.
P: Tower, CCA1203, take-off aborted due to burst tyre.
C: CCA1203, vacate the runway next left.
P: CCA1203, we are standing on the stop way, executing emergency evacuation,
request emergency service.
C: CCA1203, ambulance will be available in a few minutes.
1203 340 8
123
1203
66
1203
1203
1203
2:
P: Tower, CCA981, we have a full emergency now, we are unable to lower the
nose wheel, request low pass for visual check.
C: CCA981 low pass approved, RWY01, not below 150m, report final.
C: CCA981, the wheel not down, whats your intention?
P: Request holding procedure, checking the undercarriage will take a while.
C: All stations, Tower, stop transmitting MAYDAY.
P: We can not even crank it down, request touch and go to jar the wheel down.
C: Touch and go approved.
C: The gear does not appear to be down, what is your intention?
P: Roger, we will have to make a gear up landing, request foam carpet at the
touchdown zone of the runway.
C: CCA981, negative due to foam carpet aids inoperative, divert to your
alternate.
P: Unable to comply due low on fuel, we will have to make a forced landing on
the grass east of runway 01.
C: Cleared forced landing on the grass runway at your own discretion.
981
01 150
981
01
67
2:
* 900
* 16
* 15
3
3
15
2
1
2
3
4
5
:
fuel system
fuel leak
get low on fuel
fuel shut-off levers
fuel pressure indicators
aviation-grade petrol
rubbery sealant
fuel-tight compartment
electric or air-driven booster pump
blow pipe
vent
empty(free)of fuel
68
()
burn off fuel

select emergency fuel
fuel lines
joints
decant(dump)fuel
fuel endurance
fuel tanks
fuel pump
dump valves
fuel flow indicators
low fuel pressure warning light
gravity filler
one-way valve
heated filter
mobile tanker
fixed airport fuel hydrant
the rate of fuel consumption
P: Chengdu Approach, CES2813, we are running short of fuel because weve

held for one hour due to fog.
2813
P: Harbin Control, AFL606, fuel warning light is on due holding

606
P: UBA013, fuel level is going down on the No.1 tank.

013
P: Nanjing Approach, CDG7412, fuel leak on left wing, coming back.

7412
P: ARG927, were running short of (or: getting low on) fuel

l) cause weve held (orbited) for one hour over OB due to fog;
2) due to adverse winds over VYK, request precautionary landing at Beijing
airport.
927
69
OB
1
2
P: Beijing Tower, SAS094, request divert to Tianjin airport.

094
P: Chongqing Approach, CSC8401, we are coming back due to No.2 engine

flamed out after ingesting some birds, request dumping instructions.
8401
P: PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN, Beijing Approach, CSN3185, our low fuel
pressure warning light is on and we have only 25 minutes fuel left, request first
priority landing at runway 36R.
3185
25
36

P: Shanghai Approach, CSZ8206, number one engine flamed out during
climbing, we intend to return to land but we have to dump 20 tons of fuel first.
8206
20
P: Wuhan Approach, CCA1038, we have to dump fuel because of landing weight

requirements dictated by structural limitations of the aircraft.
1038
P: Xian Approach, THY510, request priority landing due to fuel leak on left
wing.
510
P: CSZ7451, leak is getting worse, we'll divert to Harbin airport.

7451
70
C: Do you want vectors?

2.
CHDA579, Zhuhai Approach, you are number one, turn left heading 270 and
descend to 4500m.
579 270 4500
1.
C KAL012, set heading to MN, after passing MN heading 270 to start jettison,
upon completion turn right direct to BX, maintain 5100m.
012
MN
MN
270
BX
5100
C: All stations, Beijing Approach, fuel dumping in progress in VY Fuel Dumping

Area at 3000 meters by Boeing 747. All aircraft avoid this area below 4000
meters.
VY
3000
747
4000

C: All stations, Beijing Approach, fuel dumping by Boeing 747 terminated.
747
C: All stations, Beijing Control, fuel dumping in progress over DABOX at 9000
meters by L-1011, heading 210 inbound, left-hand pattern. All aircraft avoid this
area below 10,000 meters within 15 kilometers of track.
71
DABOX 9000 L-1011

210 10000 15
1:
C: CSN3085, cleared for takeoff.
P: Cleared for takeoff, CSN3085.
P: Foxtrot Approach, CSN3085, flaps and slats are jammed, we can not climb.
C: CSN3785, report your intension.
P: Foxtrot Approach, CSN3085, we intend to return to land but because of
landing weight requirements dictated by structural limitations of the aircraft, we
have to dump 20 tons of fuel first.
C: CSN3085, set heading to EK, after passing EK, start jettison, upon
completion turn right heading 160 to BT.
P: CSN3085, wilco.
3085
3085
Foxtrot 3085
3085
Foxtrot 3085
20
3085 EK EK 270
160 BT
3085
2:
P: Bravo Approach, DAL340, ready for descent.
C: DAL340, descend to 4500m on standard.
P: DAL340, wilco.
P: DAL340, leaving 5700m, descending to 4500m.
C: DAL340, hold over KD due to traffic, standard pattern.
72
P: Hold over KD, roger, DAL340.

P: Mayday Mayday Mayday, Bravo Approach, our low fuel pressure warning
light is on and we have only 30 minutes fuel left, request first priority landing
RWY27.
C: DAL340, you are number one, turn right heading 250 and descend to 1500m.
P: Turn right heading 250 and descend to 1500m, DAL340.
Bravo 340
340 4500
340
340 5700 4500
340 KD
KD 340
Bravo 30
27
340 250 1500
250 1500 340
73
SPI
a)
7600
b)
c)
2
a)
b)
c)
3
aeronautical communication
airfield control communication
air-ground communication
air-to-air communication
establish communication
interrupt communication
communicator
microwave communication
plane-to-plane communication
74
preflight-check communications
P: Zhengzhou Control, DHL718, transmitting blind due to receiver failure,

DLH718, over ZHO at 9600m, ETO WXI 45; transmitting blind, DLH718, over
ZHO at 9600m, ETO WXI 45, next transmission at 55.
718
718
ZHO
9600
WXI 45
718
ZHO
9600
WXI 45
55

P: Jinan Control, CES5126, transmitting blind, receiver failure, proceeding to
destination.
5126
P: CCA1503, JAL907, please establish communication with Bravo Control on

123.75, tell him we are having trouble with the transceiver.
1503
907
123.75
Bravo
1.
C: NWA918, Shanghai Control, radio contact lost, if you read, squawk 7600, I
say again, 7600.
918
7600
7600
C: CCA1507, Kunming Approach, reply not received, if you read, squawk ident.
1507
C: CES2508, ident observed, will continue to pass instructions.

2508

2.
C: LAO359, Beijing Approach, reply not received, if you read turn right heading
060, I say again, heading 065.
75
359 060
065
C: HDA208, Beijing Approach, turn observed, position 10km north of VYK, will
continue to pass instructions.
208
10
C: CHH7108, if radio contact lost, resume own navigation and divert to Wuhan.
Proceed with caution.
7108
C: QFA419, if no transmissions received for 5 minutes/seconds, continue present

heading and VMC.
419
5 /
C: All stations, Beijing Approach, JAL109, B747, heavy, lost communication at

37, last report at HOK, 5400m, descending.
109
747
37
HOK 5400

1:
P1: CCA1504, transmitting blind due receiver failure, next transmission at 1440,
time now 1430, request first priority landing at Nanjing airport.
(1 minute later)
P2: Nanjing Approach, CSN3017, intercepted urgency call from CCA1504, I say
again, CCA1504, request priority landing, the aircrafts position north of YTR at
4000m.
C: CSN3017, Nanjing Approach, roger.
C: CSN3017, Nanjing Approach.
P2: Nanjing Approach, CSN3017, go ahead.
C: CSN3017, please relay this message to CCA1504.
P2: Ready to copy, CSN3017.
C: CCA1504 is cleared to make straight in approach ILS runway 24, wind 235
76
degrees at 10m/s, QNH 1009.

P2: CCA1504, CSN3017, Nanjing Approach clears you a straight in approach
ILS runway 24, wind 235 degrees 10m/s, QNH 1009.
P1: CSN3017, CCA1504, thank you.
1 1504 1440 1430
2 3017 1504
1504 YTR 4000
3017
3017
2 3017
3017 1504
2 3017
1504 24 235 10 1009
2 1504 3017 24 235
10 1009
1 3017 1504
2:
C: Aircraft squawking 7600, Beijing Approach, squawk standby.
C: Standby squawk observed, squawk normal. If landing Beijing Airport, squawk
ident.
C: Ident observed, expect ILS runway 36L approach, wind 310 degrees at 4
meters per second, QNH 1002. If approach clearance desired, squawk ident.
7600
36 310 4
1002
77
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
hydraulic failure
hydraulic lines
airborne hydraulics
aircraft hydraulics
back-up (standby) hydraulics
extreme-temperature hydraulics
high-pressure hydraulics
primary hydraulics
hydraulically-damped
hydraulically-operated
hydraulic fluid
hydraulic tank
jack
pressure control valves
relief valves
flow control valves
seal
boosted control
hydraulic pump
pressure sensor
pneumatic brake
diesel engine
78
P: Shenzhen Tower, CDG5291, brakes and steering inoperative due to hydraulic

trouble.
5291
P: Tianjin Tower, SIA198, the hydraulic pressure is dropping fast (rapidly). Well
check gear extension.
198
P: Xiamen Tower, MDA471, for the hydraulic system problem, we have lost
main gear. Well try manual extension.
471
P: Shenyang Tower, SAA518, we are going to apply (use) pneumatic brakes.

518
P: Dalian Control, LOT583, hydraulic system still leak, well be able to manage
(steer) it to Beijing.
583
P: Pudong Tower, IBE701, hydraulic system failure, hydraulic braking

impossible after landing.
701
P: Shenyang Control, CCA1504, a minor hydraulic leak detected, we are unable

to stop the leak but it is not very serious.
1504
P: Changchun Tower, CKK6108, we suffered total loss of hydraulic fluid.

6108
P: Hongqiao Tower, CPA968, no hydraulic pressure, emergency lowering of

landing gear by manual gear extension procedure.
968

79
P: Urumqi Approach, CES5137, descent and maintain 3600m, pressure is back to

normal at this altitude; there must be something wrong with the pressure control
system. All the passengers are OK, request further descent.
5137
3600
P: Xining Tower, CCA1530, we are having difficulties extending the landing

gear due to hydraulic failure, we have cranked it down manually, request a low
pass to check visually whether it is down and locked.
1530
P: Wed like to hold over SWH to make further checks.

SWH
Report fuel remaining in time.
80

How many souls on board?
C: How is your hydraulic system?
C: Do you want (require) the fire service assistance?
C: CCA1538, Beijing Tower, stop immediately, the B737 ahead of you is stuck
on the taxiway due to hydraulic trouble. We'll have you pushed back, so that you
can resume taxiing via the southern taxiway.
1538
737
C: SIA617, you are No. 1 in traffic, no delay, expect ILS approach runway 03.
Do you require any assistance on arrival?
617
03
C: CDG9218, Hefei Tower, airport fire-fighting service has been alerted

(informed), they would be at the runway on your arrival.
9218
C: Emergency equipment has been notified.
1:
P: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, Cathay875, we have experienced a
hydraulic failure and having difficulty.
C: Cathay875, Hong Kong Control, squawk 7700, how may I assist you?
P: Cathay875, request vector toward the aerodrome while we evaluate the
situation.
81
C: Cathay875, turn left heading 250 for a vector to FTS, maintain 10200 meters.
Advise when ready for further clearance.
875
875 7700
875
875 250 FTS 10200
2:
P: Shanghai Approach, CCA1392, the hydraulic pressure is dropping fast, well
check gear extension.
C: CCA1392, roger.
P: CCA1392, for the hydraulic system problem, we have lost main gear.
C: CCA1392, report your intentions.
P: Well try manual extension, CCA1392.
C: CCA1392, I will keep you advised.
P: MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY, Shanghai Approach, CCA1392, we still can
not crack down the main gear.
C: CCA1392, roger MAYDAY. All stations, Shanghai Approach, stop
transmitting, MAYDAY.
P: CCA1392, well have to make a belly landing, request foam carpet at the
touchdown zone of the runway.
C: CCA1392, wilco, foam spraying will take 30 minutes.
P: Roger, request fire services and first-aid, CCA1392.
C: CCA1392, fire services and ambulance will be ready on your arrival.
1392
1392
1392
1392
1392
1392
1392
1392
1392
82
1392 30
1392
1392
83
an injured passenger
patient
paralyzed passenger
faint
first aid
oxygen mask
wheel-chair
a badly sick passenger
heart attack
pregnant woman
pure oxygen
medical assistance
medical department
ambulance
stretcher
1
2
3
4
5
, flu, fever, headache, bronchitis

, hepatitis, arthritis, dropsy, leprosy
, tuberculosis, mumps, malaria, beriberi
, cancer, rabies, leukemia, insomnia
, amnesia, anemia, measles, smallpox
, appendicitis, diabetes, pneumonia,
gall-stone, hypertension, AIDS, SARS
, bird flu, cholera, schizophrenia, diphtheria
, fracture, asthma, hemorrhoids
cold
84
P: Dalian Tower, CSH8516, a woman passenger on board badly sick (seriously

ill).
8516
P: The sick woman complains on acute pain in the underbelly (in the heart area).
P: The woman patient has fainted, we suspect she is appendicitis (or:

appendicitis is suspected).
P: Pure oxygen is being fed to the woman patient.
P: Please arrange first aid (medical assistance) for the patient on arrival.
P: Guiyang Tower, CES2815, we have a stretcher case on board, request

ambulance and doctor to be ready on arrival.
2815
P: Guangzhou Approach, CCA1307, we request a doctor on arrival at Shenzhen

because one of the crew members is not feeling well, the message to be copied to
Air China.
1307
P: The patient has recovered consciousness, things seem to be OK at the time.
P: A pregnant woman is about to give birth.
P: A passenger has just had a heart attack, request priority landing.
85
P: Weve just been caught in severe turbulence, passengers have been hurt.
P: Hefei Control, CHH7185, could you please tell Nanjing Tower we have a
paralyzed passenger on board and we request a wheel-chair on landing.
7185
P: Beijing Tower, UAL962, message for you: An overseas Chinese is dead on

board, request instructions (advise).
962
P: Guangzhou, QFA198, weve got three passengers whose health certificates

might no longer be valid.
198
C: HDA613, Beijing, confirm your message, did you say a passenger on board is
dead?
613
C: JAL410, the health service is asking whether all passengers have got full
cholera vaccination.
410
C: DLH917, Xian Tower, we have informed the medical department (first-aid

service), doctor and ambulance are to meet you at the terminal apron.
917

86

C: The doctor will be available on your arrival.
C: The ambulance and doctor are waiting at the airport.
C: You are cleared to return to Guangzhou.
C: Guangzhou Tower, please tell AFR805 theyll have to report to health service
on landing, they may expect a quarantine, cause were very tight on validity
dates of the health certificates at the moment.
805
C: UAL996, Chengdu, the health department advise us that they will be meeting
you, they say that your passengers must stay on board until cleared.
996
1:
P: PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN, Hong Kong Approach, CCA101, 20 miles
west of Hong Kong at 8000 feet, an American Chinese with suspected heart
attack, request priority landing.
C: CCA101, Hong Kong Approach, radar vector to runway 13, IGS approach,
youll be number one.
P: Roger, runway 13, IGS approach, CCA101.
P: Approach, the American Chinese is dead on board, request instructions.C:
CCA101, confirm your message, did you say an American Chinese on board is
dead, affirm?
P: Affirm, CCA101.
C: CCA101, we have informed the medical department (first-aid service), doctor
and ambulance are to meet you at the terminal apron.
87
101 20 8000
101 13IGS
13IGS 101
101
101
101
2:
P: Hong Kong Approach, CSN305, TAMOT 22 at FL 150.
C: CSN305, Hong Kong Approach, after passing TAMOT, track to MIKE at
FL150.
P: Roger, FL 150 to MIKE, CSN305.
P: CSN 305, MIKE in two minutes
P: PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN, Hong Kong Approach, a sick woman
complains on acute pain in the underbelly, we suspect she is appendicitis.
C: CSN305, Hong Kong Approach, roger, turn left heading 030 and descend to
6000 feet, QNH 1010, youll be number one.
P: Left heading 030 and down to 6000 feet, QNH 1010, CSN305.
305TAMOT 22 15000
305 TAMOT MIKE 15000
150 MIKE 305
305 MIKE
305 030 6000 QNH 1010
030 6000 QNH 1010 305
88
7
8
:
1
2
3
4
instrument failure
standby compass
stand-by instrument
indicator
the instrument panel
the flight engineers panel
the vertical speed indicator
the turn and bank indicator
the directional gyro
centralized warning system
flight director
gauge
meter (dial)
overhead panel
altimeter
the airspeed indicator
the (gyro) horizon
FMS
primary display system
engine indicator
system monitoring instruments
89
electronic head-up display

horizontal situation indicator (HSI)
radio altimeter
flight navigation control panel
flight data interface unit
digital flight data recording system
engine vibration monitoring unit
altitude direction indicator (ADI)
inertial reference system (IRS)
P: Jinan Control, CCA1037, heading is 090. The standby compass shows 180,
but the copilots reads 090, just like mine. Well make further check.
1037
90
180 ,
90

P: Jinan Control, CCA1037, all compass read 180 now. There must have been a
short power failure, probably very short, because the warning flags didnt even
come on .
1037
180
P: There is something wrong with the overhead panel.
P: There must be something wrong with FMS.

Weve got trouble with FMS.
P: Our flight director has just gone out. Can you help us?
P: Our instrument failure, request radar vectors and priority landing.
P: Harbin Control, CSH6182, there is something wrong with our altimeter,

request lower level to get below the clouds.
6182
90
C: CDG7989, cleared for radar vectors, maintain present heading, expect further
clearance 15.
7989
15
C: CSC9153, descend and maintain 6300m, I will keep you advised on this
frequency.
9153
6300
C: CSN3157, radar vector to VYK, contact Beijing Approach 127.1.

3157
127.1
C: CHH8701, cancel instrument approach, I say again, cancel instrument

approach, ILS category I inoperative.
8701
C: Make all turns rate one

rate half
(number) degrees per second, execute instructions immediately
upon receipt.
91
C: Turn left (right) now.
C: Stop turn now.
1:
P: Beijing Control, TWA535, estimating VYK 25, 9600m, heading 280.
C: TWA535, descend to 6600m and maintain, report passing 8400m.
P: Descending to 6600m, report passing 8400m, TWA535.
P: PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN, Beijing Control, compass failure, request
radar vectors.
C: TWA535, for identification turn right heading 310.
P: Right heading 310, TWA535.
C: TWA535, identified, turn left direct to VYK, report VYK.
P: Direct VYK, report VYK.
P: TWA535, VYK 28, request further clearance.
C: TWA535 continue descend to 3600m, VFR, contact Beijing Approach 118.5.
P: Down to 3600m, 118.5 for Beijing Approach, TWA535.
P: Beijing Approach, TWA535, request visual approach due to compass failure.
C: TWA535 cleared for visual approach, report runway36L in sight.
P: Report runway 36L in sight, TWA535.
: 535 25 9600 280

: 535 6600 8400
: 6600 8400 535
:
: 535 310
: 310 535
: 535
:
: 535 28
: 535 3600 118.5
: 3600 118.5 535
: 535
: 535 36
92
: 36 535
2:
P: PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PA N PAN, Hong Kong Control, AFR725, our heading
is 090, the standby compass shows 180, but the copilots reads 090, just like
mine, well make further check.
C: AFR725, Hong Kong Control, roger, call you in 1 minute.
C: AFR725, Hong Kong Control.
P: Hong Kong Control, AFR725, our instrument failure, request radar vectors.
C: AFR725, cleared for radar vectors, maintain present heading, descend to
3600m on standard, expect further clearance 35.
P: Radar vector, present heading down to 3600m, AFR725.
PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN 725 90

180 90
725
725
725
725 3600
35
3600 725
93
2
3 4000
4
5
6
7
8
pressurization problem
decompression
pressure control
oxygen mask
supercharger
turbocharger
heat exchanger
environmental control system
humidifier
cabin altitude rising
electronic cooling system
LP and HP compressors
relief valves
passenger cabin
rear cabin
baggage compartment
cargo hold
P: Xian Control, CSN3215, cabin decompression, emergency descent to 3000m.

3215
3000
94
P: Guangzhou Control, QTR953, front cabin door opened in flight, emergency

descent.
953
P: ARG196, lower cargo compartment seal slackened, emergency descent.

196
P: Guangzhou Tower, CSN3147, request oxygen supply on landing for about 10

passengers, because several oxygen masks didnt drop out at decompression.
3147
10
P: Beijing Control, CSN3409, emergency descent due to decompression, leaving

9600m, descending to 3600m, position 30km north of VYK.
3409
9600
3600
VYK
30
P: Zhengzhou Control, JAL105, 10200m, request emergency descent due to

cabin altitude rising fast, position 15 miles north of ZHO.
105 10200
ZHO
10
P: Beijing Control, CCA982, leaving 9600m for 3300m due to decompression,

request landing priority, if not divert to Tianjin.
982
9600
3300
P: Shanghai Control, BAW156, pressurization problem in passenger cabin, some

passengers feel bad, request emergency descent and landing Hangzhou for
medical assistance.
156
P: Xian Approach, CDG8401, pressure is back to normal at this altitude, there

must be something wrong with the pressure control system, all the passengers
are OK, request further descent.
8401
95
P: Tianjin Tower, this is CQH6135 reporting an airmiss, weve just missed

colliding with an aircraft, it may be executing an emergency descent.
6135
P: MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY, CAL9160, weve just been hit by a light

aircraft, left wing-tip appears to have been torn off. It seems to be undertaking an
emergency descent. Well try to land at Qingdao.
9160
C: Shall we call medical assistance for you?
C: BAW156, Guangzhou Control, roger PAN, leave 9600m for 3300m, turn left,
join downwind, you will be number 1, ambulance will be ready for you.
156
9600
3300
C: All stations, Hong Kong Tower, stop transmitting, MAYDAY.
96
C: All stations, Hong Kong Tower, distress traffic ended.
C: All stations, emergency descent between KG and BX, all aircraft below
4200m between KG and BX leave corridor to the west immediately.
KG BX
KG BX
4200
C: HDA339, Beijing Approach, 900 meters is the MVA (Minimum Vectoring

Altitude) in the area, 14 kilometers south of QU, turn right heading 020, cleared
for ILS runway 36R Approach, maintain 900 meters until established on the
localizer course.
339
900
QU
14
020
36
900

C: CPA778, the MSA (Minimum Sector Altitude) in the area, 600m available if
vectors can be accepted.
778
600
1:
P: Beijing Control, JAL786.
C: JAL786, Beijing Control, go ahead.
P: JAL786, estimating VYK 15, 8400m, maintaining.
C: JAL786, descend to 6600m, reporting reaching.
P: Down to 6600m,will call you reaching, JAL786.
P: Beijing Control, JAL786, reaching 6600m.
C: JAL786 contact Beijing Approach 125.65.
P: 125.65, JAL786.
P: Mayday Mayday Mayday, Beijing Approach, JAL786, cabin altitude rising
fast, immediate descent to 3300m, request landing priority.
C: JAL786, continue descend to 1200m, join right hand downwind, you are
number 1, any message we can pass to the ground?
P: Request oxygen supply on landing for about 20 passengers because several
oxygen masks did not drop at decompression.
C: JAL786, roger, oxygen will be ready for you on landing.
97
786
786
786 15 8400
786 6600
6600 786
786 6600
786 125.65
125.65 786
786 3300
786 1200
20
786
2:
P: MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY, Alpha Control, CSN302, there is
decompression, emergency descent to 3600m, request divert to Bravo.
C: CSN302, roger MAYDAY, Break Break, all stations, stop transmitting,
MAYDAY, Break, all stations, emergency descent between VOQ and NZT, all
aircraft below 8400m between VOQ and NZT leave this corridor immediately to
the east.
C: CSN302, continue descend to 2400m, report your conditions now.
P: We are repairing our supercharger, we can manage it, CSN302.
C: CSN302, I will keep you advised on this frequency.
P: Alpha Control, CSN302, cancel distress, we have solved the pressurization
problem, request resume 8400m, direct to Delta.
C: CSN302, climb to 8400m, direct to Delta, Goodbye.
C: All stations Alpha Control, distress traffic ended out.
(30 minutes later)
P: MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY, Alpha Approach, TWA535, our left cockpit
windshield has shattered, emergency descent to 3000m, request priority landing.
C: TWA535, continue descend to 1200m, turn left join downwind, you will be
number 1. Do you require any additional assistance?
P: Request medical assistance from Ground on arrival.
98
C: TWA535, ambulance will be ready for you on arrival. Good luck!
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY, Alpha 302

3600 Bravo
302
VOQ NZT
8400
302 2400
302
302
Alpha 302 8400
Delta
302 8400 Delta
Alpha
()
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY Alpha 535
3000
535 1200
535
99
5
6
:
1
2
3
bird strike
overheat
seagull
crow
sparrow
magpie
swallow
swan
vulture
ingest
inboard engine or inboards
outboard engine or outboards
air inlet or intake
foreign object damage
vibration
engine flame out
stall
windshield
windscreen
dispersing van
bracing position
life jacket
emergency exit
survival, first-aid and polar kits
100
flock of birds
P: Qingdao Tower, KAL410, a seagull hit the right wing tip, leading edge flap
sustained minor damage.
410
P: Urumqi Approach, CKK8605, we collided with a giant vulture head on, it

came through the right wind-screen, the co-pilot was fatally (seriously)
wounded.
8605
P: Guangzhou Approach, CSN3517, we've got to come back due to bird strike,
port engine intake ingested birds during climbing, engine flame out.
3517
P: Beijing Tower, CCA1075, we are coming back due bird strike, number two
engine is overheating.
1075
P: CES5321, bird strike, one bird crashed the left windshield, captain was badly
wounded by broken glass, request first priority landing and ambulance.
5321
P: Xian Approach, G-BC, No. 3 engine ingested bird and partially disintegrated,
we're coming back, request fuel dumping instructions.
G-BC
C: GFA091, Beijing Tower, message for you, flock of crows last reported over
the up-wind end of the runway.
091

101
C: BAW987, Fuzhou Approach, please keep a sharp look-out to avoid bird strike
(collision).
987
C: Which engine in trouble?
C: Can you accept regular radar vector?

?
C: Do you have a decompression problem?
C: CCA1304, join downwind runway 36R, left or right to suit you.

1304
36
C: CSH9710, cleared to land, ambulance and first aid will be ready for you.
9710
C: CQH5804, divert to Changsha for immediate landing

5804
C: KAL965, roger MAYDAY, cleared ILS approach RWY22, you are number
one.
965
22
1:
C: CCA981, cleared for take off, wind 330 degrees 5m/s.
P: Taking off , CCA981.
102
P: Beijing Tower, CCA 981, we have to come back due bird strike, a bird came
through the windshield and hit first officer, he was badly injured, request first
priority landing.
C: CCA 981, Beijing Tower, join downwind runway 18L, left or right to suit you,
you're number 1.
P: CCA 981.
981 330 5
981
981 18
981
2:
P: Beijing Approach, CSN3108.
C: CSN3108, Beijing Approach, go ahead.
P: CSN3108, KR 15, 6300m, maintaining.
C: CSN3108, descend to 3600m.
P: Descend to 3600m, CSN3108.
P: Mayday Mayday Mayday Beijing Approach, CSN3108, number two engine is
overheating due unknown foreign object strike, suspected bird ingestion, request
priority landing and emergency services on arrival.
C: CSN3108, descend to 900m, cleared ILS approach RWY18R, No.1,
emergency equipment is standing by.
3108
3108
3108KR 15 6300
3108 3600
3600 3108
3108
3108 900 18
103
a.
b.
c.
2
a.
b.
(strong)(severe)(moderate)
3
light rain
heavy rain
intermittent rain
continuous rain
bright periods
occasional showers
passing shower
torrential rain, downpour
waterspout
drizzle
freezing rain
sleet
squall
hurricane
tornado
whirlwind
104
//
()
thunderstorm
lightning
hail
hailstone
hailstorm
snow
snowstorm
snowflake
snow shower
visibility
windshear
deteriorate
sandstorm
RVR
braking action good/medium/poor
sky clear
few
scattered
broken
overcast
on top
below cloud
between layers
in cloud
mist
haze
sky obscured
tailwind
headwind
crosswind
wind-gauge
wind-sock
jet stream
Fog dispersal in progress
Fog is coming down
Fog is clearing up
CAVOK
rime
105
P: Hong Kong Tower, CES2859, encountered windshear on final, gained 20kts

between 600 and 400ft followed by a loss of 30 knots between 400ft and the
surface.
2859
600
400
20
400
30
P: Beijing Tower, AIC537, no contact at minima, going around, request divert to

Tianjin.
537
P: Tower, ACA801, have you got the trend ?

801
P: UIA396, request the latest weather at Wuhan.

396
P: Hong Kong Tower, JAE5983, we encountered severe windshear on final,

missed approach and we would like to divert to our alternate.
5983
P: RJA697, the weather is below VFR (IFR) minima due to a fog bank
obscuring the south end of the field, we would like to delay our approach for 30
minutes.
697
VFR (IFR)
30
P: CSN3508, request radar vector for approach.

3508
C: CCA981, windshear warning, strong low level windshear observed in the

vicinity of Chengdu airport at 0900 hours, what is your intention?
981
9
106
C: SIA195, Nanjing Tower, the weather is deteriorating, RVR runway 06 is less

than 1500m, what can I do for you ? .
195
06 RVR
1500
C: RNA711, Beijing Tower, have you got the met ?

711
C: All stations, windshear alert, centerfield wind 210/14kts, west boundary wind
170/23kts.
210
14
170
23
C: UAL164, expect lower visibility for you arrival.

164
C: SIA910, caution, windshear reported at 600m, 4km final, runway 24.

910
24
600
C: CCA1508, RVR RWY 06 touchdown 650m, mid-point 750m, stop end 700m.
1508 RVR
06
650
750
700
C: Current ceiling 400m, expected to rise to 650m within the next 20 minutes.
400
20
650
107

1:
P: CCA982, outer marker.
C: CCA982, you are Number 1, the weather is still deteriorating, RVR RWY18L
is now less than 1500m.
P: Number 1 to land, CCA982.
P: Going around, no contact at minima, confirm standard procedure, CCA982.
C: CCA982, climb straight ahead too 300m, then turn right inbound to QU at
900m, contact Beijing Approach 129.0.
P: Roger, climb to 300m and turn right inbound to QU at 900m, contact 129.0,
CCA982.
982
982RVR 18 1500
982
982
982 300 QU 900
129.0
300 QU 900 900
129.0 982
2:
P1: Beijing Tower, CSN3207, reaching holding point runway 18L, request line
up.
C: CSN3207, hold short of runway, stop transmitting, MAYDAY in progress.
P1: Holding short, CSN3207.
C: SIA916, extend downwind one minute to give room for the emergency traffic.
P2: Roger, extend downwind one minute, SIA916.
P3: Beijing Tower, JAL701, we are going around, we encountered a sudden loss
of height just now, possibly windshear.
C: Roger, execute standard missed approach procedure.
P4: Beijing Tower, CCA101, outer marker.
C: CCA101, caution, preceding JAL701 reported windshear on your landing
course, cleared to land runway 18L, wind variable.
P4: Cleared to land, CCA101.
108
1 3207 18
3207
1 3207
916
2 916
3 701
4 101
101 701
18
4 101
109
(severe)(moderate)(light)
(severe)(moderate)(light)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
offset
build-up
CB
go round
circumnavigate
detour
to be struck
chop
bumpy/turbulent
depression
light turbulence
moderate turbulence
severe turbulence
smooth
CAT
updraught
downdraught
The temperature is rising
The temperature is falling
The temperature is steady
110
()
()
freezing level
gust
gale
The wind is shifting
The wind is rising
The wind is abating
The wind is getting stronger
weather station
weatherman
cold (warm) front
SIGMET
VOLMET
P: Shanghai Control, QFA102, we have an indication of weather 50km ahead of

us, request clearance to go round it.
102
50
P: Hong Kong Approach, CSN3175, we have been struck by lightning, rear

fuselage damaged, right elevator lost, request priority landing and radar vector to
final approach.
3175
P: Shanghai Control, CCA1502, we have just been caught in severe turbulence,

several passengers have been injured, we have to divert to Hefei.
1502
P: Nanchang Control, CSH8917, weve just been caught in severe turbulence,

would you check the type of traffic thats ahead of us?
8917
P: Guangzhou Control, SIA679, request 30 degrees 40km offset left to avoid

build-up.
679
30
40

111
P: ANZ538, B767 at 10200m, 80km to ZHO, encountering moderate icing

request descent.
538
767
10200
ZHO 80
P: Beijing Control, BAW919, we are encountering severe icing in cloud at

3600m, request descent.
BAW919
3600
P: ZhengZhou Control, CSN3079, request descent, our anti-ice system is

inoperative.
3079
P: Beijing Control, CES5109, our yaw damper is inoperative, are we likely to

run into turbulence on our route ahead?
5109
P: Wuhan Control, CHH8516, now clear of CB and closing back to the course.
8516
P: Guangzhou Control, AAL503, request alternate route, cause last time we flew
into turbulence, 2 engines feathered.
503
P: Guangzhou Control, ABB114, engines started again, seems to be running

quite smoothly now. It shut down when we were caught in an updraught.
114
C: ACA157, expect hail 15 miles ahead of your present position.

157
15
C: All stations, severe icing from FL 180 upward.

FL180
112
C: Weather conditions rapidly deteriorating.
C: Weather conditions gradually improving.
C: CCA102, request flight conditions.
C: DLH831, Xiamen Control, thunderstorm moving in your direction, go round

the CBs by turning 30 degrees left, track out 25km from your present position.
831
30
25
C: SAS136, Beijing Tower, hold at the holding point of runway 36R for a few
minutes, the thunderstorm is rapidly approaching the far end of the runway.
136
36
C: ANA114, turn right to detour the CB.

114
113
C: CSH791, Harbin Control, cleared to circumnavigate the build-up at your own

discretion, report clear of CBs.
791
C: SAS180, Beijing Control, climb to 10800m to over fly the CB, if not possible
go round it 35 miles to the right.
180
10800
,
35
C: AFR560, descend and maintain 900m.

560
900
C: COA132, keep us advised if conditions continue or get worse.

132
C: CKK9817, you are number one, radar will assist you until landing.
9817
C: SIA915, cleared to diver to Dalian, call when ready to leave my frequency.

915
C: JAL414, turning right is not approved due military movement (or due traffic),
turn left 25 degrees to go round the build-up.
414
25
C: CSC401, reduce to 150kts, it should be sufficient to avoid running into the

wake turbulence (or vortex wake) of the jet ahead of you.
401
150
1:
P: UAL134, weve just been caught in severe turbulence, about 15 passengers
have been hurt, well have to divert to Shenzhen, request medical assistance on
landing.
C: Roger, you are cleared to Shenzhen at 6300m. How many ambulances will
you need on landing?
P: The cabin crew say 5 passengers will have to be taken to hospital, the other
114
ten suffer from minor bruises.

134
6300
2:
P: Alpha Control, KLM359, we have an indication of weather about 40km ahead
of us, request turn right to go round it.
C: KLM359, negative due prohibited area, turn left 30 degrees, track out 35km,
report clear of the build-up.
P: Turning 30 degrees left with 35km, KLM359.
P: Alpha Control, KLM359, now cleared of CB and closing back to the course.
C: KLM359, roger, report joining.
P: KLM359, now on course at 10200m ETO SLG 45.
Alpha
359
40
359
30
35
30
35
359
Alpha
359
359
359
10200
SLG 45
115
1
2
bog down
displace
tow bar
frozen ruts and ridges
side-bar light
cross-bar light
paving
brighten up
dim (brighten down)
catering
hangar
passenger stairs
snow drift
sweeper
stairway
apron/ramp
runway snow blower
snow plough
airport passenger bus/ferry
runway is slippery
pools of water
slush
loose snow
firm snow
compacted snow
ramp vehicle
water service truck
galley service truck
catering truck
116
P: Beijing Ground, AIC182, we have just skidded off TWY D, left main gear
appears to be stuck in the mud, can you send a tug around?
182
D
,

P: Shantou Ground, CES5127, we are stuck halfway along TXY B2 due to
unserviceable brakes and steering, request a tug to tow us back to the apron.
5127
B2
P: Guilin Ground, CCA1358, the tow bar was broken during pushback, we are
waiting for a replacement.
1358
P: Beijing Tower, EVA988, boarding has not completed yet, besides we have a
catering delay, well be ready in 15 minutes, could you put me on request for a
slot time after 45?
988
45

P: Hainan Tower, DLH192, the passenger coach is being held up on the
motorway, please delay our flight plan, I'll call you back when embarkation is
complete.
192
P: Guangzhou Tower, IRA495, I'm not familiar with your airport. Could you
please guide me to the runway-in-use?
495
P: Beijing Tower, JAL912, flight operations have just told us we are to pick up
30 passengers from a Lufthansa flight that's been cancelled, I11 call you back
for start-up.
912
30
117
P: Shanghai Ground, CCA1038, would you confirm that there is a security van
waiting for us? We are carrying a valuable shipment, and the company won't
answer us on company frequency.
1038
C: CES2518, Hongqiao Tower, my apologies, the computer has failed to produce

a strip for you. I'll write one out, start-up approved, the temperature is plus 15.
2518
15

C: CSH901, taxi with caution, work in progress adjacent to stand 27.
901
27
C: All stations, threshold RWY 06 displaced 110m due broken surface.

06
110
C: RWY conditions 18L, available width 33 meters covered with thin patches of
ice, braking action poor, snow up to 25 cm along edges.
18
33
25

C: CPX684, taxi with caution, TWY A2 is partially covered with snow and ice, a
preceding Boeing 737 reported frozen ruts and ridges.
684
A2
737
C: CDG929, taxi back to stand 19, there is an Airbus 320 bogged down near the
holding point K, caution the man and equipment.
929
19
K
320
C: CSN3109, for your information, TWY N centerline lighting unserviceable.

3109
N
C: VIR108, we will send you a tug and passenger stairs right away.
108

118
C: NWA566, ILS category I minimums in effect, ILS category II is unavailable

due to inoperative centerline lighting.
566
C: AAL802, Pudong Tower, we had an emergency this morning, the runway had
to be foamed and it's being cleaned up at the moment, should be re-opened
shortly.
802
C: ABB142, will you make a one eighty and backtrack to vacate runway on the
03 fast turn-off (or rapid exit), there's a fire vehicle on the 05 fast turn-off.
142 180
03
05
C: Shall we call maintenance for you?
1:
P: BAW962 is at the outer marker.
C: BAW962 is cleared to land, runway 08, wind 070, 18kts.
P: Is the runway wet ?
C: BAW962, it has been raining for some time, but there are no reports of
standing water.P: Tower, from BAW962, do you mean there is no standing
water?C: Not as far as I know, but I can't be sure.P: BAW962, I'm very heavy,
I'm overshooting.C: Roger, BAW962, understand you are going around.P: Affirm,
BAW962 is going around.C: Roger, BAW962, climb straight ahead to 900m and
119
remain on this frequency.

(Time interval)C: BAW962 , what was the reason for the missed approach ?
P: (coldly) Tower, I need to know if you have any standing water or not before I
land at this weight.C: Roger, BAW962, contact Approach on 129.6.
P: 129.6.
962
962 08 70 18
962
962
962
962
962
962 900
962
962 129.6
129.6
2:
P: Dalian Ground, CSZ217, runway vacated.
C: CSZ217, taxi to the terminal via taxiway A and D, the taxiway centerline
lighting in the first portion of TWY A is off, taxi with caution.
P: Roger.
P: Ground, CSZ217, the taxiway seems very slippery, do you have any previous
report?
C: CSZ217, it must be frozen ruts and ridges, we had such a report thirty minutes
ago, caution the snowdrift on the left side of D intersection.
P: CSZ217, looking.
P: CSZ217, we have just skidded off the taxiway on the right side of D
intersection, right main gear stuck in the mud, we can't seem to get back to the
paving, request a tug and passenger stairs.
120
217
217 A D A
217
217 D
217
217 D
121
a.
b.
c.
2
100
:
1. Poor visibility
2. Blocked runway
3. Bad approach (altitude too high or low, wheels not down )
4. Too close to preceding aircraft
5. Strong cross wind
6. Bad weather (heavy rain, snow, hail storm)
7. Runway lighting failure
8. Mechanical failure
go around
touch and go
full stop
low approach
circuit
overload
missed approach
minimum approach speed
low visibility landing
landing constraints
missed approach point
deviate
122
P: No contact at minima, going around;

overshooting;
pulling up;
executing missed approach.
P: runway is blocked
P: altitude too high
P: altitude too low
P: wheels not down
P: cant crank landing gear down
P: too close to preceding aircraft
P: strong cross wind
P: braking action poor
P: runway lighting failure
P: Request touch and go.
P: Make another circuit.
P: Request low approach.
P: Request low pass for landing gear check.
P: Request low approach for another approach training.
P: We intend to dump 20 tons of fuel.

20
P: Wed like to go around and proceed to the holding for check.
123
C: Go around, I say again, go around, unreported vehicle is crossing RWY;

too close to the preceding aircraft;
there is a runway lighting failure;
wheels are not down
C: JAL144, Pudong Tower, go around, the preceding aircraft is unable to vacate

the RWY (the preceding aircraft has not vacated the RWY).
144
C: PAL907, Beijing Tower, the RWY is still blocked, go around.

907
C: Your altitude is too high;

Your altitude is too low;
RVR less than 800m;
Cross wind 20kts gusting to 30kts;
The rain is developing into showers
advise go around.
RVR 800
20 30
C: CCA1508, make full stop.

1508
C: KLM967, maneuver right and left for spacing.

967
C: JAL505, Beijing Tower, weather is below VFR minimums, it's illegal for
you to land, or I'll have to write up an incident report and it might end up with a
124
licence suspension.
505
VFR
1:
P1: Beijing Approach, CCA104.
C: CCA104, Beijing Approach.
P1: Beijing Approach, 4500m, VFR, information M, CCA104.
C: CCA104, squawk 2345.
P1: Squawking, CCA104.
C: CCA104, radar contact, descend and maintain 900m report reaching.
P1: Descend and maintain 900m, CCA104.
P1: 900m, Im not familiar with NDB approach, field in sight, request visual
approach, CCA104.
C: CCA104, cleared visual approach, contact Tower 118.1.
P1: 118.1, CCA104.
P1: Beijing Tower, CCA104, overhead at 900m for landing.
C: CCA104, cleared to land, runway18R.
C: CCA104, go around, aircraft on the runway.
P1: Going around, CCA104.
P2: Beijing Tower, CKK, short final.
C: CKK, go around, make another circuit, the runway is still blocked by an
aircraft.
P2: Going around, CKK.
C: Runway is clear, CCA104, you are number one for landing, runway 18R,
Break Break, CKK, you are number two, follow CCA104 on downwind.
P1: Number one for landing, runway 18R, CCA104.
P2: Number two, traffic in sight, CKK.
C: CCA104, landing time 45, vacate by the end of runway, contact Ground
121.7.
1 104
104
14500 M 104
104 2345
1 2345 104
125
104 900
1 900 104
1900 NDB 104
104 118.1
1118.1 104
1 104 900 104
18
104
1 104
2 306
306
2 306
104 18
306 104
1 18 104
2 306
104 45 121.7
2:
P:Beijing Tower, CCA102, we cant extend the nose gear, going around.
C: CCA102, standard procedure.
P: CCA102, request touch and go to jar wheel down.

C: Cleared touch and go, turn left heading 345 to HUR and hold, advise check
wheels when completed.
P: CCA102, turning left, heading 345 to HUR, the wheel light is still not on, we
have tried manual extension, request low pass for visual check.
C: CCA102, cleared low pass, not below 200m, report final.
C: CCA102, nose gear is still up.
P: CCA102, endurance 25 minutes, request gear up landing and foam carpet on
the runway.
C: CCA102, roger, foam spraying will last 20 minutes.
P2: Beijing Tower, CSN 306, downwind, request landing clearance.
C: CKK, negative, proceed to and hold at HUR at 900m, left hand pattern, Ill
call you back.
126
102
102
102
345 HUR
102 345 HUR
102 200
102
102 25
102 20
306
306 HUR 900
127
closing
converging
diverging
crossing left to right
crossing right to left
overtaking
opposite direction
parallel
same direction
eastbound (westbound)
unknown traffic
C: HDA739, Jinan Control, unknown traffic 12 oclock, 5 miles, opposite

direction, fast moving.
739
12
5
C: CES5109, Kunming Control, unknown traffic 2 oclock, 9 miles, crossing

right to left, fast moving.
5109
2
9
C: BAW101, Lanzhou Control, traffic 10 oclock, 8km, eastbound, Boeing 757,

128
1800m, descending.
101
757
1800
10 8

C: CCA1508, Wuhan Approach, traffic 2 oclock, 7 miles, westbound, Y-12,

1200m, climbing.
1508
2
7
Y-12
1200

C: CSN3509, Xian Approach, traffic 9 oclock, 7km, overtakingA320, 3600m.
35099 7
A320 3600
C: CSC096, Chengdu Approach, traffic southwest bound, B737, 3000m,
maintaining, estimated (over) WXI at 10.
096
B737
3000
WXI 10
P: CHH7102, looking.
7102
P: CSN3127, traffic in sight, now passed clear.

3127
P: CCA1032, negative contact, request vectors.

1032
C: HDA019, turn right immediately heading 090 to avoid traffic 12 oclock,

6km.
019
090
12
6
C: CCA982, descend to 8400m, expedite, I have a crossing traffic.

982
8400
C: SAS 996, now clear of traffic, resume own navigation, direct OBY.
996
OBY

129

1:
C: CCA982, unknown traffic 10 oclock, 10km, eastbound, fast moving.
P: CCA982, looking.
C: CCA982, do you want vectors?
P: CCA982, negative vectors, traffic in sight, now passed clear.
98210 10
982
982
982
2:
C: CSN3503, traffic 3 oclock, 7 miles, closing, A320, 9600m.
P: CSN3503, negative contact, request vectors.
C: CSN3503, descend to 9000m, report reaching.
P: Leaving 9600m for 9000m, CSN3503.
P: CSN3503, reaching 9000m.
C: CSN3503, clear of traffic, climb to 9600m.

P: Climbing, CSN 3503.
35033 7 A320
9600
3503
3503 9000
9600 9000 3503
3503 9000
3503 9600
3503
130
References
1. Guidelines for Controller Training in the Handling of Unusual/Emergency
Situations. EUROCONTROL
2. Aircraft Emergencies - Considerations for Controllers NATS.
3. Manual on the Implementation of ICAO Language Proficiency
Requirements. DOC 9835, AN/453
4.
5.
6. Skytalk
7. Airspeak
8. ENGLISH FOR PILOTS AND CONTROLLERS, PAR Y.RENGADE avec
la collaboration de C.POTTER et G.ROVES
131

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Guidance on Radiotelephony Communications

under Unusual/Emergency Situations

PAN PAN MAYDAY

1Acknowledge: Make sure you understood the nature of emergency

2Separation: Dont forget to establish/maintain separation

3Silence: Impose silence on your control frequency if necessary.

4Inform: Inform your supervisor and other sectors/units concerned.

5Support: Give maximum support to pilot and crew.

6Time: Allow pilots sufficient time to work on their problem.

PAN PAN MAYDAY

C: HDA397, Guangzhou Approach, do you declare emergency? I can not quite

C: VIR081, confirm squawk A7500?

C: DLH901, Beijing Approach, we understand youre in a terrible state (in a

C: CAL543, Zhuhai Approach, what is the nature of your emergency?

P: Zhengzhou Control, CCA1308, we have found explosions (bombs) on board.

P: Chengdu Control, JAL818, we are hijacked, there is a bomb in our airplane.

P: Changchun Tower, SWR923, the rear cabin is on fire, a bomb exploded.

P: Beijing Control, UAE725, there seems to be a bomb on board.

P: Request first priority landing.

P: We want to divert to the airport which is closest to us.

P: We are returning, request emergency services on landing.

P: We intend to return to land but have to dump 25 tons of fuel first.

P: Yinchuan Tower, CES5103, well execute emergency evacuation after landing

P: Shanghai Ground, AMU497, we are executing emergency evacuation, request

C: EVA714, Shanghai Control, we have just received an anonymous call saying

C: What is the nature of your emergency?

C: How can I help you?

C: Do you require the emergency equipment?

C: Shall we call the bomb disposal squad for you ?

C: The emergency equipment is standing by.

C: HDA018, Qingdao Tower, cancel takeoff, I say again, cancel takeoff,

C: BAW159, Beijing Approach, proceed immediately to Beijing airport at

flight control system

P: Guangzhou Control, UAL198, were having difficulties in maintaining

P: Nanjing Approach, SIA074, we have been struck by lightning, the rear

P: Chongqing Approach, CSN3109, we have lost control of the left aileron.

P: Zhuhai Approach, CDG8123, we have got control problems, yaw damper

P: Beijing Approach, VIR813, weve lost control of the pitch trim.

P: Nanning Approach, CSH105, we have trouble with elevator control, it is

P: Zhengzhou Control, CCA1085, the A/C is rolling right and left up to 20

P: Tower, ANZ165 thrust reverser and air brake are failure.

P: Guiyang Tower, CXA6017, we have a configuration problem.

P: Wed like to hold over WBT to make further checks.

P: Ill have to hold for a while to sort this out.

P: Request first priority landing.

P: Request send a tug to tow us back to the apron.

C: Report your intentions.

C: How can I help you?

C: Do you require the emergency equipment?

C: Do you require any additional assistance?

C: The emergency equipment is standing by.

C: Request number of people on board.

C: Shall we call medical assistance for you ?

C: JAL268, Guangzhou Approach, cleared to land with higher approach speed,

C: All stations, Zhuhai Approach, stop transmitting MAYDAY.

C: All stations, Shenzhen Tower, distress traffic ended.

C: Airport emergency assistance services will be notified.

solid state transformer

P: Xian Control, UAL126 is reporting engine shutdown 45 miles north of Xian,