51 Structures With Prepositions

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51

SPANISH
GRAMMAR
STRUCTURES
WITH PREPOSITIONS
The examples provided To practice various tenses, you can simply
modify the verb's conjugation. However, be
are exclusively in the
careful when using the past tense, as the
present tense to ensure meaning may vary. In order to apply past
that students of various tenses correctly, it is important to grasp the
distinction between the Pretérito de Indefinido
proficiency levels can
and the Imperfecto.
comprehend and utilize
the structures effectively.
While some of the English translations may sound peculiar, they
are presented that way to convey the Spanish expression
accurately. The English version is crafted in a manner that
allows you to grasp the contextual significance of the structure.
ENGLISH TRANSLATION

structure

Relevant HACER ALGO


Replace with a verb (infinitive form Sentence 1 in Spanish
Image
English translation
for ALGO
Sentence 2 in Spanish
the Replace with anything
English translation
reference
ALGUIEN Sentence 3 in Spanish
Replace with anyone English translation

Extra information, if any.


TO GO TO DO SOMETHING

IR + A + HACER ALGO
infinitive form of the verb

Voy a nadar en la piscina.


I am going to swim in the pool.
Mi prima va a cocinar mi comida favorita.
My cousin is going to cook my favourite food.
Vamos a jugar al baloncesto.
We are going to play basketball.

Recent Future
TO GO SOMEWHERE

IR + A + ALGO

¿(Vosotros) Vais a Barcelona?


Are you all going to Barcelona?

Mis abuelos van al mercado hoy


My grandparents will go to market today.

Vamos a jugar al baloncesto.


We are going to play basketball.

a + el = al
TO GO ON FOOT

IR + A + PIE

Voy a pie a la escuela.


I go on foot (by walk) to the school.

¿Vas a pie a la tienda?


Do you go on foot to the shop

Vamos a pie a la casa de mi hermana.


We are going on foot to my sister's house
or let's go by walk to my sister's house.
TO GO / TRAVEL BY HORSE

IR + A + CABALLO

Tío, Sam va a caballo por la ciudad.

Uncle Sam goes by horse in the city.

No van a caballo hoy.

They won't go by horse today.

Montar 'a' caballo is the structure use for horse riding


or to ride a horse.
TO GO BY A PARTICULAR TRANSPORT

IR + EN + EL TRANSPORTE

Mi padre va en coche a su oficina.


My father goes by car to his office.

Mateo y yo vamos en autobús al cine.


Mateo and I go by bus to the cinema.

Ana: ¿Vas en avión a Málaga?


Andrea: No, voy en tren.
Ana: Are you going by plane to Málaga?
Andrea: No, I go by tren.
TO GO FOR SHOPPING

IR + DE + COMPRAS

¿Va de compras usted?

Are you going for shopping

Voy de compras esta noche.

I go for shopping tonight.

Mis amigos van de compras al centro comerical.

My friends go for shopping to the mall.


TO GO ON A VACATION

IR + DE + VACACIONES

¿Dónde vas de vacaciones esta semana?

Where are going on vacation this week?

Mi hijo va de vacaciones a la casa de su abuela.

My son goes on a vacation to his grandmother's house.

Yo no voy de vacaciones este verano.

I am not going on vacation this summer.


TO GO WITH SOMEONE

IR + CON + ALGUIEN

¿Con quién vas al restaurante?


Whom you are going with?

Benjamin va con su tía al Madrid.


Benjamin goes to Madrid with his aunt.

Voy de vacaciones este verano con mi hermana.


I am going on a vacation this summer with my sister.
TO PLAY A SPORT

JUGAR + A + DEPORTE

No juego al bádminton hoy en día.


I don't play badminton now a days.
¿Juegas al fútbol?
Do you play football?
Jugamos a las cartas.
We are playing / Let's play cards.

a + el = al
TO BEGIN DOING SOMETHING

EMPEZAR + A + HACER ALGO


infinitive form of the verb

Empiezo a cocina los fines de semana.


I am starting to cook on weekends.
Los médicos empiezan a operar.
The doctors are starting to operate.
¿Empezáis a ver la película?
Are you all starting to watch the movie?
TO BEGIN WITH SOMETHING OR SOMEONE

EMPEZAR + CON + ALGO

La película empieza con la escena de horror.


The movie starts with a horror scene.

Empezamos con las patatas fritas.


Let's start with fries.

¿Cuándo empiezas con las clases de español?


When are you starting with Spanish classes?
TO BEGIN BY DOING SOMETHING

EMPEZAR + POR + ALGO / HACER ALGO


infinitive form of the verb

Empiezo los ejercicios por nadar


I start exercise by swimming.

Mi hermana empieza por hacer la tarea más difícil.


My sister starts by doing the most difficult task.

¿No sé por dónde empezamos?


I don't know from where to start?

To indicate the initial step of a process


TO THINK ABOUT SOMETHING / SOMEONE

PENSAR + EN + ALGO / ALGUIEN

Pienso en ti.
I think about you.

Siempre mi amigo piensa en su familia.


My friend always thinks about his family.

Gabriel piensa en temas serios.


Gabriel thinks about serious issues.
TO BELIEVE IN SOMETHING / SOMEONE

CREER + EN + ALGO / ALGUIEN

Creo en diós.
I believe in god.

Ellos creen en la igualdad.


They believe in equality.

¿Crees en los fantasmas?


Do you believe in ghosts?
TO TRUST / HAVE FAITH IN SOMETHING / SOMEONE

CONFIAR + EN + ALGO / ALGUIEN

Mi familia confían en este médico.


My family trusts this doctor.

Confío en usted.
I trust you (formal).

Confiamos en la justicia.
I trust the judiciary / I have faith in justice.
TO THINK OF DOING SOMETHING

PENSAR + HACER ALGO


infinitive form of the verb

¿Piensas despertarte temprano?


Do you think of waking up early?

No pienso volver a Andalucía.


I don't think of going back to Andalucía.

¿Qué pensáis hacer después del colegio?


What do you think of doing after school?
TO THINK ABOUT SOMETHING / SOMEONE

PENSAR + DE + ALGO / ALGUIEN

¿Qué piensas de Rubel?


What do you think of Rubel?

Pienso bien del medio ambiente.


I think good about the environment.

¿Qué pensáis del transporte público?


What do you all think of public transport?

To have an opinion about something or someone


TO LEAVE FROM ANY PLACE

SALIR + DE + LUGAR

Sal de aquí
Leave from here.

Salimos de la casa a las dos.


We leave the house at 2 o'clock.

Salgo del centro comercial en una hora


I'll leave the mall in an hour.

Sal = Imperative of Salir


TO LEAVE FOR ANY PLACE

SALIR + PARA + LUGAR / HACER ALGO


infinitive form of the verb

¿Sales para Sevilla hoy?


Are you leaving for Sevilla today?

Salís para cine a las nueve y media.


You all leave for cinema at 9:30.

Salgo para comer esta noche.


I'll go out to eat tonight.
BEFORE DOING SOMETHING

ANTES + DE + HACER ALGO


infinitive form of the verb

Antes de comer, rezamos.


Before eating, we pray.

Antes de bailar, llevo un disfraz


Before dancing, I wear costume.

Me gusta meditar antes de nadar.


I like to meditate before I swim.
BEFORE DOING SOMETHING

DESPUÉS + DE + HACER ALGO


infinitive form of the verb

Después de hablar contigo, tomo la pastilla.


After talking to you, I'll take medicine.

Después de comer, no bebo nada.


After I eat, I don't drink anything.

Me gusta caminar después de levantarme.


I like to walk after I wake up/get up.
JUST FINISHED DOING SOMETHING

ACABAR + DE + HACER ALGO


infinitive form of the verb

Acabo de hablar con el tío, Manuel.


Just spoke to Uncle Manuel.

Los niños acaban de beber la leche.


The children just finished drinking milk.

Acabamos de hacer los deberes


We just finished homework.
FROM (ONWARDS)

A PARTIR DE

A partir de ahora, no como la comida chatarra.


From now onwards, I'll not eat junk food.

A partir de mañana, hacemos ejecicios.


From tomorrow, we'll exercise.

A partir de viernes, empiezo a estudiar.


From Friday, i'll start studying.
IN SPITE OF . REGARDLESS

A PESAR DE

A pesar del mal tiempo, viajamos a Toledo.


In spite of bad weather, we travel to Toledo.

A pesar de todo, me gusta la experiencia.


Regardless of everything, I like the expereince.

A pesar de estudiar mucho, no entiendo nada.


Despite studying a lot, I don't understand anything.
TO ENJOY SOMETHING

DISFRUTAR + DE + ALGO

María disfruta de la vida.


Maria enjoys her life.

Disfruto de las películas románticas


I enjoy romantic movies.

Disfrutamos de los frutos de éxito.


We enjoy fruits of success.
TO RIDE A TRANSPORT

MONTAR + EN + EL TRANSPORTE

No monto en bicicleta hace muchos años


It has been years since I ride a bicycle.

Montamos en moto cuando llegamos a Cancún.


We'll ride motorcycle once we reach Cancún.

¿Montas en barco en tu región?


Do you ride boat in your region.
IN PLACE OF / INSTEAD OF

EN LUGAR DE / EN VEZ DE

En lugar de ducha, prefiero el baño.


In place of shower, I prefer bath.

En vez de estudiar, Diego juega los videojuegos


Instead of studying, Diego plays videogames.

Compro la camiseta en lugar/vez de la camisa.


I buy Tshirt instead of shirt.
TO HAVE TO DO SOMETHING

TENER QUE + HACER ALGO


infinitive form of the verb

Tienes que leer esta novela.


You have to read this novel.

Tío Antonio tiene que llegar al tiempo.


Uncle Antonio has to reach on time.

Tenemos que comer ahora.


We have to eat now.
ONE SHOULD/MUST DO SOMETHING

HAY QUE + HACER ALGO


infinitive form of the verb

Hay que beber mucha agua.


One should drink a lot of water.

Hay que practicar los deportes.


One must do sports.

Hay que ayudar el medio ambiente.


One must help the environment.
TO LEARN TO DO SOMETHING

APRENDER + A + HACER ALGO


infinitive form of the verb

Aprendemos a hablar en francés.


We are learning to speaking in French.

Aprendo a cocinar con mi abuela.


I am learning to cook with my grandmother.

¿Aprendes a usar el calculador?


Are you learning to use the calculator?
TO CALL SOMEONE

LLAMAR + A + ALGUIEN

Llamo a mi padre todos los días.


I call my father every day.

¿Llamáis a vuestros padres?


Are you all calling your parents?

Paco no llama a nadie.


Paco doesn't call anyone.
TO ATTEND ANYTHING

ASISTIR + A + ALGO

No asisto la clase de biología esta semana.


I won't attend Biology class this week.

¿Asisten la boda tus padres?


Are your parents attending the wedding?

Asistimos la conferencia en dos minutos.


We attend the conference in 2 minutes.
TO ATTEND SOMEONE

ATENDER + A + ALGUIEN

Atiendo a mi jefe en esta reunión.


I'll attend my boss in this meeting.

La médica atiende a todos los pacientes hoy.


The doctor attends all the patients today.

¿Atiendes a su abuela esta tarde?


Are you attending your grandmother this afternoon.
TO GET ACCUSTOMED TO SOMETHING

ACOSTUMBRARSE + A + ALGO

Me acostumbro a los problemas de la vida.


I am accustomed to life problems.

Lola se acostumbra al sabor de la comida china.


Lola is accustomed to the taste of Chinese food.

Mis abuelos no se acostumbran al trafico de la ciudad.


My grandparents aren't used to city's traffic.
TO GET ACCUSTOMED TO DO SOMETHING

ACOSTUMBRARSE + A + HACER ALGO

No se acostumbran a levantarse temprano.


They aren't used to waking up early.

Me acostumbro a estudiar con la música.


I am accustomed to studying with music,

Mi madre se acostumbra a trabajar mucho.


My mother is accustomed to working a lot.
TO RESEMBLE SOMEONE

PARECERSE + A + ALGUIEN

Mi abuelo se parece a mi padre mucho.


My grandfather resembles my father a lot.

Me parezco a un actor mexicano.


I look like a Mexican actor,

Te pareces a Penélope Cruz.


You look similar to Penelope Cruz.
TO INVITE SOMEONE

INVITAR + A + ALGUIEN

Mi amigo no invita a nadie a su casa.


My friend never invites anyone to his house.

Invitamos a tu familia esta noche.


We invite your family tonight.

Miguel invita a todos los estudiantes para su cumpleaños.


Miguel invite all the students for his birthday.
TO BE DEDICATED TO

DEDICARSE + A + ALGO

¿A qué te dedidcas?
What do you do (for a living)?

¿A qué se dedica ud.?


What do you do? (formal)

Me dedica a la enseñanza,
I am a teacher / I am in teaching.

Literal - What are you dedicated to? - Asking about


profession.
TO REMEMBER SOMETHING / SOMEONE

ACORDARSE + DE + ALGO / ALGUIEN

No me acuerdo .
I don't remember.

¿Te acuerdas de mí?


Do you remember me?

Nos acordamos de hacer los deberes.


We remember completing the homework.
TO FALL IN LOVE

ENAMORARSE + DE + ALGO / ALGUIEN

Me enamoro de mi mejor amiga.


I fall in love with my best friend.

Ella se enamora de París durante su viaje.


She falls in love with Paris during her trip.

¿Te enamoras de Javier?


Do you love Javier?
TO CARE ABOUT SOMEONE

CUIDAR + DE + ALGUIEN

¿Cuidas de mí?
Do you care about me?

Ana cuida de su madre mucho.


Ana cares about her mother a lot.

Cuidamos bastante de nuestra mascota.


We care about our pet a lot.
TO CARE / MAKE SURE ABOUT DOING SOMETHING

CUIDAR + DE + HACER ALGO

Las atletas cuidan de mantener su salud.


The athletes care about maintaining health.

El niño cuida de no caer cuando camina.


The kid makes sure not to fall while walking.

Cuido de hacer la tarea al tiempo.


I make sure that I complete the task in time.
TO BE CARDEFUL WITH/OF SOMETHING/SOMEONE

CUIDAR + CON + ALGO / ALGUIEN

Cuido con esa gente..


I am being careful of these people.

¿Cuidas con los errores que cometes en el examen?


Are you careful of the mistakes that you make in the exam?

Luis y Isabel cuidan con emociones.


Luis and Isabel are careful of their emotions.
TO TAKE CARE OF SOMETHING

CUIDARSE + DE + ALGO / HACER ALGO

Me cuido de este trabajo.


I take care of this work.

La cocinera se cuida de la comida en la fiesta.


The chef takes care of the food in the party.

¿Te cuidas de organizar la reunión?


Will you take care of organising the meeting?
TO PARTICIPATE IN SOMETHING

PARTICIPAR + EN + ALGO

Mi equipo participa en la competición.


My team participates in the competition.

¿Participáis en los beneficios?


Do you all participate/share in profits?

Mi amigo y yo participamos en el evento.


My friend and I participate in the event.
TO PARTICIPATE IN SOMETHING

CASARSE + CON + ALGUIEN

Pillar se casa con Mario.


Pillar marries Maria.

¿Cuándo te casas con Pablo?


When are you getting married to Pablo?

No me caso con nadie.


I won't marry anyone.
TO MAKE SOMEONE ANGRY

ENFADAR + A + ALGUIEN

Enfado a mi madre todos los días.


I make my mother angry every day.

Los estudiantes enfadan a la profesora en la clase.


The students are making the teacher angry in tha class.

¿Te enfado a ti?


Am I making you angry?
TO BE ANGRY WITH SOMEONE

ENFADARSE + CON + ALGUIEN

El cliente se enfada con la gerente.


The client is angry with the manager.

¿Os enfadáis con vuestros padres?


Do you get angry with your parents?

No me enfado con Alvaro.


I am not angry with Alvaro.
TO AKS / INQUIRE ABOUT

PREGUNTAR + POR

Andrea pregunta por Juan.


Andrea asks about Juan.

Pregunto por el horario de tren.


I inquire about train's schedule.

¿Preguntas por la salud de tu abuela?


Have you asked about your grandmother's health?

ask about someone's wellbeing, location or availability.


TO LOOK AFTER / TAKE CARE OF SOMEONE

MIRAR + POR

Siempre miro por mis hijas.


I always look after my daughters.

El jefe no mira por sus empleados.


The boss doesn't take care of his employees.

¿Miráis por sus abuelos?


Do you all look after your grandparents?
TO HELP SOMEONE BY DOING SOMETHING

AYUDAR + A + ALGUIEN + A + HACER ALGO


infinitive form of the verb

A veces ayudo a mi madre a cocinar.


At times, I help my mother in cooking

Mi amiga no me ayuda (a mí) a hacer los deberes.


My friend doesn't help in doing homework.

¿Ayudáis a su abuela a subir las escleras?


Do you all help your grandmother to climb the stairs?

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