POLICE COMPARATIVE POLICING SYSTEM

POLICE

= refers to a body of civil authority, which is tasked to maintain peace and order, enforce the law,
protect lives and properties and ensure public safety.

= a public official with an extraordinary power to make an arrest and performing direct police functions.

COMPARATIVE = is the degree of likeness and unlikeness of two police models

SYSTEM = is a complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose operations are directed towards
goals and which are influenced by the environment within which they function

GLOBALIZATION = The process of creating transnational markets, politics, and legal systems in an effort
to form and sustain a global economy.

EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION to Law Enforcement

= law enforcers are expected to be the protector of the people…….unaccountable flow of

migration and open markets present new threats to state-based human rights regimes – great challenge
to law enforcement.

Threats to Law Enforcement

▪ increasing volume of human rights violations as evidence by genocide and mass killing

▪ conflict between nations

 ▪ Transnational criminal networks for drug trafficking, money laundering, terrorism

▪ TYPES OF POLICE SYSTEM

▪ 1. Common Law Systems = usually exists in English speaking countries of the world

▪ = there is strong adversarial system and rely upon oral system of evidence in which the public
trial is a main focal point

▪ = also known as “Anglo-American Justice”

▪ 2. Civil Law Systems = distinguished by strong inquisitorial system where less right is granted to the
accused and the written law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation

▪ = also known as “Continental Justice or Romano-Germanic Justice

3. Socialist System = distinguished by procedures designed to rehabilitate the offender.

= known as Marxist-Leninist Justice and exist in places such as Africa and Asia

4. Islamic System = based more on the concept of natural justice or customary law or tribal traditions

THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE

1. Continental = is the theory of police service which maintains that police officers are servants of
higher authorities. This theory prevails in the continental countries like France, Italy and Spain.

2. Home Rule = the theory of police service which states that police officers are servants of the
community or the people. This theory prevails in England and United States.

CONCEPT OF POLICE SERVICE

1. Old Police Service = states that the yardstick of police efficiency relies on the number of arrest made.

2. Modern Police Service = states that the yardstick of police efficiency relies on the absence of crime.
EVOLUTION OF POLICING SYSTEM

• Praetorian guards = military bodies who serve as guardians of peace in ancient Rome in which
the idea of policing said to have originated

• Officer de la Paix = a French term which claimed to be the origin of the term Police Officer

1. Anglo-Saxon Period of Policing System (Ancient England)

A. Tun Policing System

A system of policing emerged during the Anglo-Saxon period whereby all male
residents were required to guard the town (tun) to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties
of the people.

C. Trial by Ordeal

A judicial practice where in the guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by

subjecting him to an unpleasant, usually dangerous, experience. (In present terminologies, it would
mean an employment of a “3rd degree.”) The word “ordeal” was derived from the Medieval Latin word
“Dei Indicum” which means “a miraculous decision.”

2. Norman Period of Policing System

This system of policing existed during the time of Norman William The Conqueror (King
of France). When he invaded and conquered England, a military regime of conquers and dictators began
and changed the concept of crime being committed against the state.

A. Shire-Rieve

Shire-Rieve was a policing system during the Norman Period when England was divided
into fifty-five (55) military areas, each headed by a ruler called the Rieve (head-man or lieutenant of the
army). The fifty-five (55) military divisions in England are called shires. The shire-rieve had absolute
powers that no one could questions his or her actions.
Two “Constabuli” or “The Keeper of the Horse” were appointed to each village to aid the Rieve in his
duties. It became the source of the word Constable.

The term “Shire-Rieve” is said to be the origin of the word “Sheriff.”

B. Travelling Judge or Circuit Judge

A judge selected to hear cases which were formerly being judged by the Shire-Rieve and
tasked to travel through and hear criminal cases. This was the first instance of the division of the
police and judicial powers.

C. Legis Henrici

An act that was enacted during this period with the following features:

• Offenses were classified as against the king and individual.

• Policeman becomes public servant.

• The police and the citizens have the broad power to arrest. It introduced the system called
“citizen’s arrest.”

• Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law. A system which made inquisition onto
the facts of a crime and eliminate the “Anglo-Saxon Trial or “Trial by Ordeal System.”

D. Frankpledge System

A system of policing whereby a group of ten neighboring male residents over twelve
years of age were required to guard the town to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of
the people

3. Westminster Period of Policing System

It is called by this name because the laws governing policing came out of the capital of
England, which at the time was Westminster. This period has the following features:

• Guards were appointed and the duties of the constables at night (watch) and in daytime
(ward) were defined

• Statute of Westminster of 1285, a collection of regulations aimed at keeping the peace.

B. Statute of 1295
 The law that marks the beginning of the curfew hours, which demanded the closing of
the gates of London during sundown.

C. Justice of the Peace (About 1361)

Three or four men who were learned in the law of the land were given authority to
pursue, arrest, chastise and imprisonment violators of law. They handled felonies, misdemeanors and
infractions of city or village ordinances. This was later abolished about 75 years after.

D. Star Chamber Court (1487)

A special court designed to try offenders against the state. The room set-up is formed
in a shape of a star and judges were given great powers such as the power to force testimony from a
defendant leading to a great abuse of power or brutality on the part of the judges.

4. Keepers of the Peace

A proclamation issued by King Richard of England sometime in 1195 that required the
appointment of knights to keep the King’s peace by standing as guards on bridges and gates while
checking the people entering and leaving the cities and towns.

5. King Charles II of England (1663)

King Charles II passed an act which established or promoted the employment of

watchmen or bellmen to be on duty from sunset to sunrise.

6. Magna Carta or "The Great Charter"

A law promulgated by King John of England upon the demand of the Knights of the
Round Table forcing the King to sign the same with the following features:

• No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, banished or exiled except by legal judgment of his
peers.

No person shall be tried for murder unless there is proof of the body of the victim

PHILIPPINE POLICE SYSTEM

A. During the Spanish Regime

Maintenance of law and order is a part of the military system for the defense of the
colony.

Locally organized police forces although performing civil duties is a direct adjunct of the
colonial military establishments (policemen in appearance yet colonial soldiers in the ultimate sense).

Police Functions:

a. Suppression of brigandage by patrolling unsettled areas;

b. Detection of local or petty uprising by spying upon the work and movements of the people; and

c. The enforcement of tax collection including church revenues.

1. Guardilleros = a body of rural police organized in each town established by Royal decree of Jan. 8,
1836. It mandates that 5% of the able bodied male inhabitants of each province where to be enlisted in
this police organization for 3 years. There services are originally not paid or gratuitous subject to some
privileges although in some province they received a proportionate pay ranging from 4.00 to 8.00
depending on the revenue collection.

2. Carabineros De Seguridad Publica = Organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations of
the Department of State. This was armed and considered as the mounted police who later discharged
the duties of a port, harbor and river police. It was later given special commission by Royal Decree of
December 20, 1842 and it was called – Cuerco De Seguridad Publica ( Corps of Crabbiness for Public
Security).

3. Guardia Civil = Created by Royal decree on February 12, 1852, to partially relieve the Spanish
peninsula troops of their works in policing towns. It is consisted of a body of Filipino policemen
organized originally in each of the provincial capital of the province of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor

B. American Period

The Americans established the United States Philippine Commission headed by

General Howard Taft as its first governor-general. On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police Force
of Manila was organized pursuant to Act No 70 of the Taft Commission. This has become the basis for
the celebration of the anniversary of the Manila’s Finest every January 9th.

.
1. ACT NO 175 – entitled “An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an Insular
Constabulary”, enacted on July 18, 1901

CAPT. HENRY ALLEN = the first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901

2. ACT NO 183 - created the Manila Police Department, enacted on July 31, 1901

CAPT GEORGE CURRY = the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1901

3. Act No 255 – the act that renamed the Insular Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary, enacted
on October 3, 1901

4. Executive Order 389 – ordered that the Philippine Constabulary be one of the four services of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines, enacted on December 23, 1940

C. Post-American Period

RA 4864 – otherwise known as the Police Professionalization Act of 1966, enacted on September 8,
1966; created the Police Commission (POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the training and
professionalization of the local police forces under the Office of the President; later POLCOM was
renamed into National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)

D. Martial Law Period

PD 765 – otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975, enacted on August 8, 1975; established the
Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and the
integrated local police forces as components, under the Ministry of National Defense
 = transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President to the Ministry of National
Defense

E. Post Martial Law Regime

Executive Order No 1012 – transferred to the city and municipal government the operational
supervision and direction over all INP units assigned within their locality; issued on July 10, 1985

• Executive Order No 1040 – transferred the administrative control and supervision of the INP
from the Ministry of National Defense to the National Police Commission

RA 6975 – otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990,
enacted on December 13, 1990; reorganized the DILG and established the Philippine National Police,
Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the Philippine Public Safety
College

RA 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998,
enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain provisions of RA 6975

RA 9708 = law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum educational
qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12 August
2009

“AN ACT EXTENDING FOR FIVE (5) YEARS THE REGLEMENTARY PERIOD FOR COMPLYING WITH
THE MINIMUM EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
POLICE (PNP) AND ADJUSTING THE PROMOTION SYSTEM THEREOF, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE
PERTINENT PROVISIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6975 AND REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8551 AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES”

IMPORTANT FILIPINO PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLICING

BRIG GEN RAFAEL CRAME = the first Filipino chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1917
COL ANTONIO TORRES = the first Filipino chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1935

COL LAMBERTO JAVALERA = the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after the
Philippine Independence from the United States of America in 1946

P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO = the first chief of the Philippine National Police

LONDON POLICING PRIOR TO 1829

• Henry Fielding = appointed as Magistrate in 1748, introduced the first detective force, known as
the Bow Street Runners

• Bow Runners = a group of men organized by Henry Fielding and named by his brother John
Fielding task to catch thieves and robbers

= identified by carrying a Tipstaff with the Royal Crown

= made up of eight constables who also investigated crimes handed over to them by the
volunteer constables and watchmen

LONDON 1829 (BEGINNING OF MODERN POLICING)

• Sir Robert Peel = appointed as Home Secretary in 1822

• METROPOLITAN POLICE FORCE = organized in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel under the Metropolitan
Police Act of 1829

= the largest of the police services that operate in greater London (the others include the City of
London Police and the British Transport Police)

= finest police force around the world.

• TOTAL POLICING = motto of London Metropolitan Police

IMPORTANT DATES

• 1833 = Coldbath Fields Riot (Grays Inn Road). A major crowd disturbance dealt with by the
Metropolitan Police with controversial use of force.

• 1836 = The Metropolitan Police absorb the Bow Street Horse Patrol into its control.

• 1838 = incorporates Marine Police and Bow Street Runners into the Metropolitan Police and
the disbandment of the Bow Street Office and other Offices. These were all agreed and put into
effect.

SUPERVISION
 • The Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA) was the police authority responsible for supervising
the Metropolitan Police Service, the police force for Greater London

• It consisted of 23 members: 12 London Assembly members, appointed by the Mayor of London

in accordance with the political balance on the Assembly, four magistrates and seven
independents. The MPA was set up in 2000 as a functional body of the Greater London
Authority, by the Greater London Authority Act 1999. Previously control of the Metropolitan
Police had vested entirely in the Home Secretary.

• The MPA was disbanded on 16th January 2012 when the functions of the MPA were transferred
to the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPC)

• MPF Age criteria

• As of 1 October 2006, the age criteria (at the time of application) is as follows:

• 18–62½ years old = Police community support officers

• 18–57 years old = Special constables

• 18–57 years old = New constables and experienced officers

• Police staff = 16 years, except where the role involves shift work where the minimum age will be
18 years.

• Volunteers = 18+

PARTICULAR LONDON, ENGLAND

Name of Police Organization Metropolitan Police Force

Administration and Supervision Former: Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA)

Present: Mayor’s Office for Policing and Crime (MOPC)

Minimum Educational Qualification Must be proficient in English and Spanish

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 57 year old

Highest Rank Police Commissioner

 Lowest Rank Police Constable

UNITED STATES POLICE SYSTEM

TYPES OF US POLICE

1. Municipal Police = includes village, township, city and country police departments, sheriff
departments.

Types of Local Police

a. Country Sheriff = in charged with the operation of county jail, civil function such as service
of eviction notices and other court orders and police responsibility.

b. City Police = most common local police organization. It has jurisdiction in matters that occur
in an incorporated municipality.

2. State Police = includes special investigative agencies that concentrate on statewide law
enforcement. Also Tasked of regulating traffic and maintaining order and safety on state and
federal highways.

3. Federal Police = agencies operated by federal government at the national level

Some Federal Agencies Having Police Functions

a. Protection of Life, Property and Enforcement of Penal Statutes

1. Federal Bureau of Investigation (Department of Justice) = investigates all violations of federal law
except when the enforcement authority was given to other specific federal agency

2. United States Secret Service (Department of Treasury) = concerned with investigation of

counterfeiting, forging or altering of any of the money or other securities of the U.S. It is also in charged
of the protection of the president and his family, and of the executive mansion grounds

3. Bureau of Narcotics (Department of Treasury) = investigates all violations of federal law relating to
prohibited drugs

4. Immigration and Naturalization Service (Department of Justice) = investigates all violations of

immigration and naturalization laws, patrol boarders to prevent surreptitious entry of aliens,

b. Protection of the National Revenue

1. Intelligence Unit of the Bureau of Internal Revenue = investigation of violations of income tax laws

2. Alcohol Tax Unit of the Bureau of Internal Revenue = violations of internal revenue laws

3. Division of Investigation and Patrol, Bureau of Customs = investigates smuggling activities and
enforces customs and navigation laws.
 4. Private Police = additional police protection made by employing sworn officers through contract
when they are not officially on duty

Two Basic Forms of Private Police

a. Proprietary Police = when a person wish to receive service, he hires and security personnel directly

b. Contract Security = services of an independent security company

SELECTED U.S. Police Agencies

• New York City = it is where the first full time police force was organized in the United States

• New York Police Department = the largest police force in the United States

• Texas Ranger = police force originally created in response to colonization

• Department of Homeland Security = a federal law enforcement agency in the United States
which handles U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Immigration and Customs Enforcement,
United States Secret Service, United States Coast Guard and Transportation Security
Administration

The United States police rank model is generally quasi-military in structure. Although the large and
varied number of federal, state, and local police departments and sheriff's office have different ranks.

PARTICULAR USA

Name of Police Organization State Police

Administration and Supervision Department of Laws and Public Safety

Minimum Educational Qualification Bachelors Degree in Accredited University

Entrance Age 21 year old

Retirement Age 55 year old

Highest Rank Superintendent

Lowest Rank Trooper

CANADA POLICE SYSTEM

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) = colloquially known as Mounties and internally as “The Force”
= is the national police force of Canada and one of the most recognized of its kind in the world being a
national, federal, provincial and municipal policing body. It is founded in 1920 by the Merger of Royal
Northwest Mounted Police(1873) with the Dominion Police (1868).

PARTICULAR CANADA

Name of Police Organization Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Public Safety Canada

Minimum Educational Qualification High School Graduate

Entrance Age At Least 19 at the time of Engagement

Retirement Age 60 year old

Highest Rank Police Commissioner

Lowest Rank Police Constable 4th Class

AUSTRALIA POLICE SYSTEM

Australian Federal Police

a progressive and multi-faceted law enforcement organization, taking strong lead in the fight against
21st century crime.
 PARTICULAR AUSTRALIA

Name of Police Organization Australian Federal Police

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Home Affairs

Minimum Educational Qualification Bachelors Degree

Entrance Age Must be over 18 year of age

Retirement Age 57 year old

Highest Rank Police Commissioner

Lowest Rank Police Constable

JAPAN POLICE SYSTEM

• Keihoryo (Police Bureau within the Ministry of Home affairs to 1945)

• Japanese Colonial Government = the one which organized the first formal policing in China.

• Japanese Yakuza = considered as the center of Asian organized crime action.\

• OUTLINE OF PRESENT POLICE ORGANIZATION

• A. National Level

• 1. National Public Safety Commission (NPSC) = an administrative board under the jurisdiction
of the Prime Minister. It is composed of Chairman and five members, serving five year term,
who are appointed by the Prime Minister.

• The Chairman is the State Minister, who convenes the commission and presides over its
matters, but is not a member.

• The NPSC controls the National Police Agency (NPA) with respect to:
• a. police training
• b. communications
• c. criminal statistics
• d. equipment
• e. other police administration and
 • f. matters of police operations affecting national public safety.

The NPSC has the power to appoint or dismiss the Commissioner-General of the National Police Agency
with the approval of the Prime Minister.

Appointments and dismissals of Chiefs of Prefectural Police Headquarters are also made by the
NPSC with the consent of the Prefectural Public Safety Commission.

NPA Regional Bureaus = exercise control and supervision over regional police offices and provides
support with the prefectural police.

There are seven (7) Regional Police Bureaus established as local police officers
of the NPA whose jurisdiction extends to all districts except in the areas of Tokyo Prefecture and
Hokkaido.

B. Prefecture Level (Local)

1. Prefectural Public Safety Commission (PPSC) = established under the jurisdiction of the respective
Prefectural Governors, it controls the Prefectural Police in its respective jurisdiction.

The PPSC may, when necessary, submit recommendations to the NPSC with respect the
dismissal of or disciplinary action against the Chief of a Prefectural Police Headquarters.

2. Prefectural Police = jurisdiction is generally confined in their respective prefectures.

There are 47 Prefectural Police Departments in Japan.

The largest is the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, and the next is the Osaka Police
Headquarters.

Superintendent-General = head of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department

Rank Structure and Corresponding Position of NPA

• Commissioner-General (Keisatsu-chō Chōkan): The Chief of National Police Agency

• Superintendent General (Keishi-sōkan): The Chief of Metropolitan Police Department

• Superintendent Supervisor (eishi-kan): Deputy Commissioner General, Deputy Superintendent

General, The Chief of Regional Police Bureau, The Chief of Prefectural Police Headquarters,

• Chief Superintendent (Keishi-chō): The Chief of Prefectural Police Headquarters.

• Senior Superintendent (Keishi-sei): The Chief of Police Station.

• Superintendent (Keishi): The Chief of Police Station.

• Police Inspector or Captain (Keibu)

• Assistant Police Inspector or Lieutenant (Keibu-ho)

 • Police Sergeant (Junsa-buchō)

• Senior Police Officer or Corporal (Junsa-chō): Honorary rank

• Police officer, old Patrolman (Junsa)

PARTICULAR JAPAN

Name of Police Organization National Police Agency

Administration and Supervision National Public Safety Commission

Minimum Educational Qualification Upper-Secondary-School Graduate and University Graduates

Entrance Age 21 year old

Retirement Age 60 year old

Highest Rank Commissioner-General

Lowest Rank Police Officer

MALAYSIA POLICE SYSTEM

ROYAL MALAYSIAN POLICE (RMP)

Malay: Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM)

= police force of Malaysia.

= headquarters is located at Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur

= The constitution, control, employment, recruitment,fund, discipline, duties and powers of the
police force is specified and governed by the Police Act 1967

Motto = TEGAS, ADIL DAN BERHEMAH = Firm, Fair And Prudent

RMP Organizations

1. Management Department = the Management Department is tasked with the routine of management
and administration affairs of the RMP. This department is also the nerve centre of the RMP and acts as
the support services platform for the rest of the force.

2. Logistics Department = has the role to provide several equipments needed in RMP
3. Criminal Investigation Division = deals with the investigation, arrest and prosecution of hard crimes
(murder, robbery, rape etc) and petty crimes (theft, house-breaking etc).

= This department also specializes in gambling, vice and secret societies (triads)

Branches of Criminal Investigation Division

• D1 – Administrative Division

• D2 – Criminal Record Registration

• D3 – Internal Affairs

• D4 – Statistics

• D5 – Prosecution and Law Divisions

• D6 – Technical Assistance Division

• D7 – Gambling / Vice / Secret Societies

• D8 – Investigation Division / Planning

• D9 – Special Investigation Division

• D10 – Forensic Laboratory Division

• D11 – Sexual Investigation Division

• D12 – National Centre Bureau-Interpol Division

• 4. Narcotics Criminal Investigation Division = this department's function is to fight against

dangerous drugs by enforcing the law to stop and reduce the demand and supply of dangerous
drugs.

• 5. Internal Security and Public Order Department = responsible for traffic control and Search And
Rescue (SAR) operations

• 6. The Police Field Force (PFF) = organized in battalions and was a para-military units of the Royal
Malaysia Police. Also known as the Jungle Squad

• = established in 1948

• 7. Police Counter-Terrorism Unit = an elite unit of RMP responsible in counter-terrorism Operations

8. Marine Combat Unit (MCU) or Unit Gempur Marin (UNGERIN) = was established in 2006 and it was
fully operational by the end of 2007
 = first name was Unit Selam Tempur due to the pressing need to suppress the pirate attacks
alongside the coastal area of Malacca Straits and open sea area of South China Sea which were
continuously widespread from time to time despite various efforts done to overcome the problem

= members received training from U.S

*9. Federal Reserve Unit (FRU) or Pasukan Simpanan Persekutuan = its role is riot suppression, crowd
control, disaster relief & rescue, as well as special operations assistance

= organized in 1955

10. C4-i Implementations System (abbreviation for Command, Control, Communications, Computer-
Integrated) = based at Police Control Centre in all police contingents in Malaysia.

= this unit is assigned to patrol the city and the suburbs.

11. The Marine Operations Force or (Malay: Pasukan Gerakan Marin) = tasked with maintaining law
and order and coordinating search and rescue operations in the Malaysian Maritime Zone and on the
high seas

12. Royal Malaysian Police Air Wing Unit or Unit Udara PDRM (UUP) = is a special unit of Royal
Malaysia Police with a vital role in maintaining national security with thorough surveillance and patrol
from the air

13. Special Branch = This department is responsible for collecting intelligence for national security

14. Traffic Unit = responsible in maintaining the flow of traffic

15. Commercial Crimes Investigation Department = this department's main function is to investigate,
arrest, and prosecute offenders committing white collar crimes such as fraud, breach of trust, cyber-
crimes, forgery, counterfeiting etc

16. Mounted Police = police who patrol on horseback (equestrians) or camelback. They continue to
serve in remote areas and in metropolitan areas where their day-to-day function may be picturesque or
ceremonial, but they are also employed in crowd control because of their mobile mass and height
advantage
PARTICULAR MALAYSIA

Name of Police Organization Royal Malaysian Police (RMP)

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Home Affairs

Minimum Educational Qualification High School Diploma

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 58 year old

Highest Rank Inspector-General of Police (IGP)

Lowest Rank Police Constable

INDONESIA POLICE SYSTEM

• Indonesian National Police (Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia) = is the official police force
of Indonesia

= organized 1946

= also known as Polri

• Markasbesar/Mabes = name of the headquaters of Indonesian National Police located in

KebayoranBaru, South, Jakarta, Indonesia

POLRI TERRITORIAL FORCES

1. Kepolisian Wilayah or Polwil = regional police

2. Kepolisian Daerah or Polda = provincial police

3. Kepolisian Resort or Polres = city or regency police

4. Kepolisian Sector or Polsek = sub-district police

 SPECIAL BRANCHES

1. Brigade Mobile (BRIMOB) = the most militarized trained to deal with mass demonstrations

= paramilitary role to conduct security stabilization operations and providing security for VIP and
vital facilities

2. Anti-Riot Unit (Pasukan Anti Huru-Hura) = received special anti-riot training

3. Sea and Air Police = responsible patrolling the airspace

4. Plainclothes Unit = assigned in conducting investigations

5. Maritime Police = responsible in protecting the territorial sea

6. Anti-Terrorist Unit = trained in counter-terrorism

7. Forensics = in-charged of laboratory examination of evidence

PARTICULAR INDONESIA

Name of Police Organization Indonesian National Police (INP)

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Interior

Minimum Educational Qualification At least sixth-grade education

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 58 year old

Highest Rank Police General or Jenderal Polisi equivalent to General in the Army

Lowest Rank Second Bhayangkara or bhayangkara Dua equivalent to Private

 SINGAPORE POLICE SYSTEM

Singapore Police Force (SPF) = is the main agency task with maintaining law and order in the city-state.
It is formerly known as Republic of Singapore Police. Organized with split staff (15) and line functions
(13) roughly modeled after the military. Headquarters at New Poenix Park in Novena.

Francis James Bernard = formed the skeleton force as the heritage of Singapore Police Force in 1819.

Training in SPF

Police Academy = provides basic training to both new and serving officers of the SPF

6 Months = is the duration of training for Constables

10 Months = duration of training for Officer Cadet Trainees

PARTICULAR SINGAPORE

Name of Police Organization Singapore Police Force (SPF)

Administration and Supervision Public Service Commission Under the Ministry of Interior

Minimum Educational Qualification High School Graduate

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 50 year old

Highest Rank Commissioner of Police

Lowest Rank Police Constable

THAILAND POLICE SYSTEM

Royal Thai Police (RTP) = is the primary law enforcement agency of Thailand. Formerly known as
Thailand National Police Department (TNPD)

= In 1998, TNPD was transferred from the Ministry of Interior of Thailand to be directly under
the Office of the Prime Minister using the name Royal Thai Police. The position of its supreme head was
changed from that of the Director-General of the TNPD to the Commissioner-General of the Royal Thai
Police

10 Geographical Regions of RTP

1. Metropolitan Police Bureau

2. Provincial Police Region 1 = central region

3. Provincial Police Region 2 = eastern region

4. Provincial Police Region 3= lower northeastern region

5. Provincial Police Region 4 = upper northeastern region

6. Provincial Police Region 5 = upper northern region

7. Provincial Police Region 6 = lower northern region

8. Provincial Police Region 7 = western region

9. Provincial Police Region 8 = upper southern region

10. Provincial Police Region 9 = lower southern region

Different Bureaus of RTP

1. Border Patrol Police = maintenance of the public peace and security along the border areas

2. Central Investigation Bureau = responsible for major criminal cases, specially offenses committed in
breach of national security and integrity

3. Immigration Bureau = responsible for immigration proceedings of all country checkpoints, alien
registration control, prevention and suppression of trafficking of women and children

4. Narcotics Suppression Bureau = in charge of drug prevention and suppression in Thailand

5. Office of the Royal Court Security Police = provides security for His Majesty the King and the Queen,
the Heir, and His Majesty’s representatives

6. Special Branch = police intelligence unit, responsible for acquiring and managing intelligence
concerning national security.

7. Office of Human Resources = responsible for personnel management within the RTP

8. Police Education Bureau = provides training to RTP

 Recruitment and Training

Applicants with high school education receive training provided by Police Education Bureau
and become rank-and-file police officers.

Applicants who are college graduate are trained inside the Police Cadet Academy and become
sub-inspectors. They undergo 4 year course in the academy.

No entry is allowed beyond sub-inspector rank from outside the agency

Male 14-18 years old for a High School Applicant.

Male or Female 18-35 year old for college graduate applicant

PARTICULAR THAILAND

Name of Police Organization Royal Thai Police (RTP)

Administration and Supervision Former: Ministry of Interior

Present: Office of the Prime Minister

Minimum Educational Qualification High School Graduate

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 50 year old

Highest Rank Rank: Police General

Former Position: Director General

Present Position: Commissioner-General

Lowest Rank Police Constable

MYANMAR POLICE SYSTEM

Myanmar Police Force = formally known as The People's Police Force (Burmese: Pyi Thu Yae Tup Pwe)
 Its command structure is based on established civil jurisdictions. Each of Myanmar's seven states
and seven divisions has their own Police Forces with headquarters in the respective capital cities.

State and Division of Police Forces

There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces and three additional State/Division Police
Forces commanded by Police Colonels. Their jurisdictions are divided according to the Civil
Administration.

Each State and Divisional Police Force consist of four components.

1. Office of the Commander of the State and Divisional Police Force

2. Office of the Commander of the District Police Force

3. Office of the Commander of the Township Police Force

4. Police Stations

The District Police Forces are classified into two classes depending on the area, population and
development, namely A and B Class.

a. Class A District Police Forces = commanders are Police Lieutenant Colonels

b. Class B District Police Forces = commanders are Police Majors.

c. Township Police Forces = commanders are Police Majors

d. Police Station Officers = commanders are Police Lieutenants.

Special Departments

There are four Special Departments, in which the first two Departments are headed by the
Police Brigadier Generals and the remaining two are by Police Colonels.

1. Special Intelligence Department (Special Branch)

2. Criminal Investigation Department (CID)

3. Railways Police Department

4. City Development Police Department

5. Myanmar Traffic Police

Others Major Departments

1. Aviation Police Department

2. Coastal and River Patrol Police Department

3. Highway Patrol Police Department

4. Tourist Police Department

 TRAINING CENTERS

1. Central Training Institute of Myanmar Police Force

2. No.1 Police Training Depot = undertakes Basic Training Course for Police Sergeant for 2 years;
Warrant Officer and Police Sergeants Course for 12 Weeks; and Basic Training Course for Constables for
6 Month

3. No. 2 Police Training Depot = undertakes only Basic Training Course for Constables, which normally
takes around 6 months to complete.

PARTICULAR MYANMAR

Name of Police Organization Myanmar Police Force

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Home Affairs

Minimum Educational Qualification Baccalaureate Degree Holder

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 60 year old

Highest Rank Police Major General

Lowest Rank Lance Corporal

CAMBODIA POLICE SYSTEM

Cambodian National Police = is the primary law enforcement agency in Cambodia

The Cambodian National Police is divided into four autonomous units, headed collectively by the First
Deputy Director of National Police, and five central departments, each managed by a Chief of
Department and Deputy Director:

Four Autonomous Units ((headed by First Deputy Director)

1. Interpol unit

2. Headquarters unit

3. Intervention unit

4. Drug Enforcement unit

Border Department

The border police department is divided into three sub-departments:

1. Land border

2. Marine border

3. Logistics and technical

Public Order Department

1. Social Security

2. Defense

3. Administration

4. Public order

Judicial Department

The judicial police force is divided into three sub-departments:

1. Criminal police

2. Economic police

3. Scientific and technical

Security Department

The security police department is divided into four sub-departments:

1. General information

2. Anti-terrorism police

3. Body-guards

4. Foreigners
 Central Department of Means

1. Personnel

2. Pedagogy and training

3. Logistics and material

PARTICULAR CAMBODIA

Name of Police Organization Cambodian National Police (CNP)

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Interior

Minimum Educational Qualification Baccalaureate Degree Holder

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 60 year old

Highest Rank General Lieutenant

Lowest Rank Staff Sergeant

HONG KONG POLICE SYSTEM

 Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) = is the largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of
Hong Kong. It is the world's second, and Asia's first, police agency to operate with a modern
policing system. It was formed on 1 May 1844.

In 1969, Queen Elizabeth II granted the Royal Charter to the Hong Kong Police Force for
their handling of the Hong Kong 1967 riots — renaming them: the Royal Hong Kong Police Force.
Following the transfer of sovereignty, the Force is once again named the Hong Kong Police Force
The Force is commanded by the Commissioner of Police, who is assisted by two deputy commissioners:

a. Deputy Commissioner – Operations = supervises all operational matters including

crime and

b. Deputy Commissioner – Management = is responsible for the direction and

coordination of force management including personnel, training, and management services.

Motto =We Serve with Pride and Care

The Hong Kong Police Force is organized into Six Regions:

• Hong Kong Island

• Kowloon East

• Kowloon West

• New Territories North

• New Territories South

• Marine Region

The Force Headquarters (Management) is made up of five departments:

• Operations & Support

• Crime & Security

• Personnel & Training

• Management Services

• Finance, Administration and Planning

• Operations Wing

• The Operations Wing consists of three sections: Operations Bureau, the Police Tactical
Unit and the Explosive Ordnance Disposal Bureau.

Operations Bureau:

a. Regional Command and Control Centre provides the means for exercising control over resources
both at regional and district levels. It also acts as an information centre for the passage of information to
the Headquarters CCC and other agencies.

b. Emergency Unit comprises the ordinary uniformed policemen. The unit is primarily tasked with
regular patrol beats as well as providing quick responses to emergency situations such as 999 calls

Police Tactical Unit

 a. Special Duties Unit (SDU)

b. Emergency Unit

c. Airport Security Unit (ATU)

d. Counter Terrorism Response Unit (CTRU) created in 2009 as a means to deal with terror threats in
Hong Kong. The unit initially trained with the NYPD Hercules Team.

Explosive Ordnance Disposal Bureau is a special standalone unit within the Operations and Support
Wing. Its main responsibilities are bomb disposal work both on land and underwater. It also trains
officers on explosives related matters and inspects storage of ammunition and explosives.

Anti-Illegal Immigration Control Centre is responsible for collecting intelligence and monitoring
operations in respect to illegal immigrants from the Mainland and Vietnam

Administration Formation implements policies laid down by the Regional Commander and is
responsible for the Region's general administration. Its responsibilities include community relations,
staff relations, and magistrates.

Crime Formation investigates serious and inter-district crimes. In addition, it collects, collates and
evaluates intelligence on criminals and criminal activity within the Region.

Traffic Branch Headquarters covers traffic control, enforcement of traffic legislation and regulations,
investigation of traffic accidents, promotion of road safety, and implementing Force and Regional traffic
policies.

Crime Wing

Organized Crime and Triad Bureau (OCTB) investigates major organized and serious crime involving all
types of activities such as theft/smuggling of vehicles, human trafficking, firearms, vice, debt collection,
syndicated gambling and extortion.

Criminal Intelligence Bureau (CIB) is the Force's central co-ordinating body for intelligence on crime and
criminality which, after analysis and assessment, is disseminated to crime investigation units as required.

Commercial Crime Bureau (CCB) investigates serious commercial and business fraud,computer-related
crimes, the forgery of monetary instruments, identity documents andpayment cards, and
the counterfeiting of currency and coins.

Narcotics Bureau (NB) investigates serious drug cases such as importation and manufacture of illicit
drugs, and gathers intelligence in relation to major drug activities.

Support Group is made up of units which provide a technical and professional service to support
criminal investigation, including Criminal Records Bureau, Identification Bureau, Forensic Firearms
Examination Bureau and Child Protection Policy Unit. The group also fulfils a liaison responsibility for
the Forensic PathologyService and the Forensic Science Division.

Hong Kong Police College = is responsible for all matters relating to training within the Hong Kong Police
except internal security, Auxiliary and Marine Police training.
 Training provided by the Police College includes recruit and continuation training, crime
investigation training, police driver training and weapon tactics training. The information technology
training, command training, local and overseas management training, some specialist courses and
periodic courses on firearms and first aid are also provided by the Police College.

Service Quality Wing = is responsible for spearheading initiatives to improve services provided to force
customers both external and internal. The wing comprises three branches: Performance Review,
Research and Inspections and Complaints and Internal Investigations (C&II)

Complaints and Internal Investigations (C&II)

= includes the Complaints Against Police Office (CAPO) oversees the investigation and successful
resolution of all complaints made both externally and internally against members of the

Recruitment and Training

Inspector = holder of a Bachelor degree from a Hong Kong university

Constable = Level 2 or equivalent (Note 1) or above in five subjects in the Hong Kong Diploma of
Secondary Education Examination (HKDSEE) (Note 2), or equivalent; or Level 2 (Note 3) / Grade E or
above in five subjects in the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE) (Note 2), or
equivalent

For Inspector, 36 weeks of basic training which covers leadership, staff management, police
procedures, laws, footdrill, physical training, weapon handling etc.

For Constable, 27 weeks of basic training which includes police procedures, laws, footdrill, physical
training, weapon handling and first aid, etc.

Physique

Male candidate, should be at least 163cm tall and weigh 50kg.

Female candidate, must be at least 152cm tall and weigh 42kg.

PARTICULAR HONG KONG

Name of Police Organization Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF)

Administration and Supervision Security Bureau of Hong Kong

Minimum Educational Qualification For Constable: above in five subjects in the Hong Kong Diplom
Education Examination (HKDSEE)
 For Inspector: Bachelor’s Degree

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 60 year old

Highest Rank Commissioner of Police

Lowest Rank Police Constable

CHINA POLICE SYSTEM

Kinds of Police System in China

1. Chinese People's Armed Police Force (commonly known as People's Armed Police <PAP>) = is a
paramilitary force primarily responsible for civilian policing and fire rescue duties in the People's
Republic of China

2. State Security Police = safeguards state security, prevent foreign espionage, sabotage and
conspiracies. Under the Ministry of State Security and directly accountable to the State council.

3. Prison Police = a part of the correctional arm of the overall police system stationed in prisons and
correction units. This is under the leadership of the Ministry of Justice.

4. Judicial Police = responsible for maintaining the security and order in courts and serving instruments
and some also executing death sentences.

5. Quasi-Parapolice = operate in many places and hired by officials to help carry out some unpopular
actions such as collecting taxes and fines and ousting peasants from seized land.

Other Important Government Agencies

Special Police College = conducts nationwide recruitment once a year.

Central Military Commission = appoints police in China

People’s Liberation Army = Chinese Armed forces.

Civil Service Promotion Examinations = basis for regulation of the rank promotion for police officer.

Recruitment and Training

Under the Police Law of 1995, an applicant must be over 18 years old and must be high school
graduate.
 Once recruited, new recruits are required to undergo 1 year probationary period in which they
received training in police academics. Only those who performed satisfactorily and passed and end-
term exams will be formally hired as police officer.

PARTICULAR CHINA (PROC)

Name of Police Organization Chinese People's Armed Police Force (commonly known as People's Armed Police (PAP)

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Public Security

Minimum Educational Qualification High School Graduate

Entrance Age Must be over 18 years old

Retirement Age 60 years old

Highest Rank Commissioner General

Lowest Rank Constable 2nd Class

TAIWAN (Republic of China)

NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY = is the unified police force of Taiwan

= under the supervision of MINISTRY OF INTERIOR

= under effective civilian control

ORG. OF NATIONA POLICE AGENCY IN TAIWAN

1. Administration Police = are generally referred to those who are required to wear uniforms to carry
out duties of household visits, patrolling, raid, guarding, duty officer, and reserves.

2. Traffic Police = the primary duties of the Traffic Police are to keep traffic order, to ensure traffic
safety, to prevent traffic accidents, and to smooth traffic flow

3. Special Police = are those who are responsible for protecting the Central Government, establishing
contingent plans and assisting local and specialized police units in maintaining public order.
 4. Criminal Investigation Police = the primary duties of the criminal investigation police are to prevent
and detect crimes.

5. Specialized Police = main duties are to protect state-run enterprises and public facilities like railways,
highways, airports, harbors, MRT and Bank of Taiwan.

PARTICULAR TAIWAN (ROC)

Name of Police Organization National Police Agency

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Interior

Minimum Educational Qualification High Graduate

Entrance Age 18 year old

Retirement Age 60 year old

Highest Rank Former: Police Supervisor Rank 1

Present: Police General (Police Supervisor Rank Supreme)

Lowest Rank Police Rank 4

PARTICULAR BRUNEI

Name of Police Organization Royal Brunei Police Force

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Interior

Minimum Educational Qualification Required to posses at least the Brunei Junior Certificate of Education(BJCE)
 Entrance Age For Male

between 18 – 28

For Female

18-25

Retirement Age 60 years old

Highest Rank Inspector-General of Police

Lowest Rank Lance Corporal

PARTICULAR LAOS

Name of Police Organization Laos National Police

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Defense

Minimum Educational Qualification Bachelor ‘s Degree

Entrance Age
21 years old

Retirement Age

60 years old

Highest Rank General

Lowest Rank Private

PARTICULAR NEW ZEALAND

Name of Police Organization New Zealand Police

 Administration and Supervision Ministry of Police

Minimum Educational Qualification Tertiary Education

Entrance Age 20 years old

Retirement Age 55 years in service

Highest Rank Police Commissioner

Lowest Rank Police Constable

PARTICULAR GERMANY

Name of Police Organization Federal Police of Germany

Administration and Supervision Federal Ministry of Interior

Minimum Educational Qualification High School Diploma

Entrance Age 18 years old

Retirement Age 60 years old

Highest Rank Inspector Police

Lowest Rank Senior Constable

PARTICULAR COLUMBIA

Name of Police Organization National Police of Columbia

(Policia National)

Administration and Supervision Ministry of National Defense

 Minimum Educational Qualification High school Graduate/College Graduate

Entrance Age 21 years old

Retirement Age 50 years old

Highest Rank Police Commissioner

Lowest Rank Police Patroller

PARTICULAR FRANCE

Name of Police Organization National Police of France (Police Nationale de France)

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Interior

Minimum Educational Qualification French Baccalaureate Degree

Entrance Age 18 years old

Retirement Age 60 years old

Highest Rank Directeur general de la police nationale (Director General)

Lowest Rank Gardien de la paix (Keeper of the peace)

PARTICULAR SUDAN

Name of Police Organization Sudan Police Force

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Interior

Minimum Educational Qualification Secondary School Certificate Examination

Entrance Age 18 years old

 Retirement Age 55 years old

Highest Rank Inspector General

Lowest Rank Lance Corporal

PARTICULAR MEXICO

Name of Police Organization Federal Police Of Mexico

Administration and Supervision Interior Ministry’s Investigation And National Security Center

Minimum Educational Qualification High School Graduate

Entrance Age 18 years old

Retirement Age 60 years old

Highest Rank General

Lowest Rank Sergeant / Private

PARTICULAR ISRAEL

Name of Police Organization Israel Police

Administration and Supervision Ministry of Internal Affairs

Minimum Educational Qualification Bachelor’s Degree

Entrance Age 21 years old

Retirement Age 55 years old

Highest Rank Inspector General

Lowest Rank Police Constable

PARTICULAR SRI LANKA

Name of Police Organization Sri Lanka Police

Administration and Supervision Ministry of defense, Public Security, Law and order

Minimum Educational Qualification High School Graduate

Entrance Age 22 years old

Retirement Age 58 years old

 Highest Rank Inspector General of Police

Lowest Rank Police Constable Rank 4

PARTICULAR INDIA

Name of Police Organization Indian Police Service (IPS)

A India Police Agency (IPA)

dministration and Supervision

Minimum Educational Qualification Bachelor’s Degree

Entrance Age 21 years old

Retirement Age 60 years old

Highest Rank Police Director

Lowest Rank Police Constable

PARTICULAR SPAIN

Name of Police Organization Cuerpo National Police (CNP) or Cuerpo Nacional de Policia

Administration and Supervision Cuerpo Superior de Policia (CSP)

Minimum Educational Qualification Secondary Education

Entrance Age 18 years old

Retirement Age 67 years old

Highest Rank Police Chief Superintendent

Lowest Rank Police Constable

UNITED NATIONS

United Nations = officially came into existence on October 24, 1945

= Coined by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt in the declaration by United Nation. This
declaration was made to officially state the Cooperation of the allies (Great Britain, the United States,
and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF UN

The six official languages of the United Nations, used in intergovernmental meetings and
documents, are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.

Branches of United Nations

1. UN general Assembly = is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the
United Nations. Comprising all 193 Members of the United Nations, it provides a unique forum
for multilateral discussion of the full spectrum of international issues covered by the Charter. is
headed by a president elected from the member states and 21 vice-presidents, and meets from
September to December

= makes final decision on admission to UN upon recommendation of Security Council

Functions of General Assembly

a. Deliberative = initiating studies and making recommendations for the development of international
law
b. Supervisory = receiving and considering annual and special reports from another organs

c. Financial = approval and apportionment of budget

d. Elective = election of non-permanent members of the security council

e. Constituent = admissions of members and the amendments of charter

Term of Office

The President and the 21 Vice-Presidents so elected will assume their functions
only at the beginning of the session for which they are elected and shall hold office until the close of
that session [Rule based directly on a provision of the Charter (Art. 21, second sentence)].

2. UN Security Council = is another branch in the organization of the UN and is the most powerful of all
the branches.

The presidency of the Council is held by each of the members in turn for one month,
following the English alphabetical order of the Member States names

FUNCTIONS

a. Preventive Action = consist of provisional measures to prevent a conflict from worsening, and may
involve the deployment of PEACEKEEPING AND OBSERVER missions

b. Enforcement Action = consist of deployment of air, sea and land forces

Five Permanent Members of Security Council with Veto Power

1. China

2. France

3. Russia

4. United Kingdom

5. United States

*The other 10 members are rotating or elective members for a period of two years by the
General Assembly

4. Secretariat = Administrative organ of the UN. Supports the other UN bodies administratively, e.g., in
the organization of conferences, writing reports and studies, and the preparation of the budget-plan.
 Its chairperson – the UN Secretary General – is elected by the General Assembly for a
five-year mandate and is the most important representative of the UN.

Ban Ki-moon = current secretary-general from South Korea

. Economic and Social Council = consists of 54 members elected by the General Assembly for a 3 year
term.

Martin Sajdik became President of the Economic and Social Council on 14 January 2014.

Efforts are Towards the Following:

a. Higher standards of living

b. Condition of economic and social progress and development

c. Solutions of international economic, social, health and related problems

d. Universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms

6. Trusteeship Council = task of supervising the administration of Trust Territories placed under the
Trusteeship System. It is made up of the five permanent members of the Security Council-China,
France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom and United States.

Its goal is to promote the advancement of the inhabitants of Trust Territories

and their progressive development towards self-government or independence.

UN CHARTER = it is closest to a constitution that basically governs the relations of international persons.
Technically, it is a Treaty.

TREATY = an international agreement concluded between states in written form and sworn by
international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more instruments and whatever
its particular designation.

INTERPOL

International Criminal Police Organization (I.C.P.O.) or Interpol = is the police forces organization that
primarily manifest global or international cooperation in addressing transnational crime.

Its headquarters was initially located in Vienna Austria (it is where Interpol was
founded) but at present it is transferred to Lyon France.

= is the world’s largest international police organization, with 190 member countries. It exists to help
create a safer world by supporting law enforcement agencies worldwide to combat crime.

= It aims to facilitate international police co-operation, and supports and assists all organizations,
authorities and services whose mission is to prevent or combat internal crime.
= the organization of law enforcement agencies worldwide that serves as transmission or
communication line for the exchange of information, data and request for assistance between and
among the member countries.

= It focuses on: (1) Combat crimes and transnational crimes; (2) protect minorities against the
dominant groups; and (3) Maintain law enforcement regardless of race or religion.

INTERPOL today has a global membership of 190 countries. Each country maintains a National Central
Bureau (NCB), staffed by national law enforcement officers.

Africa = 54 National Central Bureaus

America = 44 National Central Bureaus

Asia and South Pacific = 49 National Central Bureaus

Europe = 51 National Central Bureaus

INTERPOL’ s Structure

1. General Assembly = is the supreme governing body of the Interpol, it meets annually and comprises
delegates appointed by each member country. The assembly takes all important decisions related to
policy, resources, working methods, finances, activities and programmes.

2. Executive Committee = consisting of 13 members elected by the General Assembly

and comprises the president, three vice –presidents and nine delegates covering the four regions.

It is the INTERPOL’s select deliberate organ which meets three times a year,
usually in March, July and immediately before the General Assembly.

3. General Secretariat (based in Lyon, France) = operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and is run by
the Secretary General. It Works with Officials of more than 80 countries side-by-side using four official
languages:

Spanish

Arabic

French

English

It consists of seven (7) regional offices across the world namely: Argentina, Cameron,
Cote D’Ivoire, Kenya, El Salvador, Thailand, and Zimbabwe.

4. National Central Bureaus (NCB) = Each INTERPOL member country maintains a National Central
Bureau staffed by National law enforcement officers. The NCB is the designated contact point for the
General Secretariat, regional offices and other member countries requiring assistance with overseas
investigations and the location and apprehension of fugitives.

5. Advisers = these are experts in a purely advisory capacity, who may be appointed by the Executive
Committee and confirmed by the General Assembly.

. Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’ File (CCF) = this is an independent body whose mandate is
threefold:

(1) to ensure that the processing of personal information by INTERPOL complies with the
Organization’s regulations,

(2) to advice INTERPOL on any project, operation, set of rules or other matter concerning the
information contained in INTERPOL’S files.

INTERPOL’s Governance = comprises the General Assembly and the Executive Committee, which is
headed by the President.

The President of the Organization is elected by the General Assembly for a

period of four (4) years.

Oskar Dressler = the first secretary general of the Interpol.

Johann Schober = the first president of the Interpol

INTERPOL’S NOTICE

1. Red Notice – a notice which is issued to seek the arrest or provisional arrest of wanted persons with
a view to extradition.

2. Blue Notice – this type of notice is issued in order to locate, identify or obtain information on a
person of interest in a criminal investigation.

3. Yellow Notice – to help locate missing persons, often minors, or to help identify persons who are
unable to identify themselves.

4. Green Notice – to warn about a person's criminal activities if that person is considered to be a
possible threat to public safety.

5. Orange Notice – to warn of an event, a person, an object or a process representing an imminent

threat and danger to persons or property.

6. Black Notice – a notice issued to seek information on unidentified bodies.

7. Purple Notice – issued to provide information on modus operandi, objects, devices and concealment
methods used by criminals.

8. INTERPOL–United Nations Security Council Special Notice – is issued for individuals and entities that
are subject to UN sanctions.
INTERPOL’s FOUR CORE FUNCTIONS

1. Secure Global Police Communications Services

• INTERPOL developed the I-24/7 = global police communications system to exchange crucial
data quickly and securely is a cornerstone of effective international law enforcement.

• 2. Operational Data Services and Databases for Police

• INTERPOL provides operational data services and databases for police to fight
international crime, police need access to information which can assist investigations or help
prevent crime. INTERPOL manages several databases, accessible to the INTERPOL bureaus in all
member countries through its I-24/7.

• . Operational Police Support Services

• a. 24-Hour Support

• The Command and Co-ordination Centre (CCC) operates round the clock in all
of INTERPOL’s four official languages (English, French, Spanish and Arabic) and serves as the first
point of contact for any member country faced with a crisis situation.

• b. Crisis Response and Major Events

• In the event of a disaster or major crime, INTERPOL Response Teams or

Disaster Victim Identification teams composed of officers from the General Secretariat and
member countries can be dispatched to the scene within hours of an event.

• . International Alert System

• An important component of INTERPOL’s operational police support is the notice

system, of which the Red Notice for wanted persons is the most well known. In addition to the
six color-coded notices (Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Black and Orange), is the INTERPOL-United
Nations Special Notice issued for groups or individuals who are the targets of UN sanctions
against Al Qaeda and the Taliban.

• d. Analyzing Crime Data

• Criminal intelligence analysis is recognized by the law enforcement community

as a valuable tool, helping to provide timely warning of threats and operational police
activities. INTERPOL contributes to investigations by assisting officers working at the General
Secretariat and in member countries with research and analysis on crime trends and with
training courses in criminal analysis techniques
• Divisions of Criminal Intelligence Analysis
• a. Operational Analysis = aims to achieve a specific law enforcement outcome. Usually, it has
immediate benefit
• b. Strategic Analysis = provides early warning signals of threats and to support decision making
in setting priorities to deal with criminal issues

4. Police Training and Development

 As one of the 4 INTERPOL core functions, Police Training and Development
continues to evolve as a priority for INTERPOL and member countries.
The following are channels of global bilateral and multilateral international cooperation
against transnational crime:
1. Global multi-lateral cooperation via Interpol;
2. Bilateral police cooperation agreements with individual states;
3. European multilateral cooperation via Europol.

ASEAN NATIONAL POLICE(ASEANAPOL)

1981 (Manila) = The first formal meeting of The Chiefs of ASEAN Police
= Attended by 5 original member countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,
Singapore and Thailand.
FIVE OTHER MEMBERS
1. Brunei 4. Myanmar
2. Cambodia 5. Vietnam
3. Laos

IMPORTANT DATES
• 1983 (Jakarta) = Endorsement of the model & design of ASEANAPOL logo
• 1984 (Kuala Lumpur) = Royal Brunei Police became a member and joined the annual
conference
• 1996 (Kuala Lumpur) = Vietnam joined as a new member
• 1998 (Brunei) = Laos joined ASEANAPOL
• 2000 (Myanmar) = Myanmar became the 10th country to joined as a new member
• 2005 (Bali) = The setting up of a working group to consider the viability of establishing a
permanent ASEANAPOL Secretariat
= Silver Jubilee Commemoration of ASEANAPOL
• 2008 (Brunei) = The Royal Malaysia Police was chosen as a host of permanent ASEANAPOL
Secretariat
• 2009 (Vietnam) = Adoption of Terms of Reference (TOR)
• 2010 = On 1st January 2010 commencement of ASEANAPOL Secretariat in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia

ORANIZATION
1. ASEANAPOL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE = comprise of deputy heads of delegation attending the
annual ASEANAPOL conference. It provides a summary reports of the activities of the Secretariat
to the Head of the Delegation
2. ASEANAPOL PERMANENT SECRETARIAT = is on rotational basis with member countries taking
turn to host the ASEANAPOL conference and automatically assume the role of the secretariat for
the current year.
= headed by executive director and assisted by 2 directors
 Tenure of Services
a. Executive Director - 2 years
b. Directors - 3 years (one for Police Services and one for Plans and Programs
*During the 29th ASEANAPOL Conference in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2009, the Terms
of Reference on the establishment of ASEANAPOL Secretariat was finally endorsed. Kuala
Lumpur was made the permanent seat.
*The ASEANAPOL Secretariat started its operation fully on January 1, 2010

GLOBALIZATION IN LAW ENFORCEMENT

► EVERY Nation has its own law enforcement call POLICE

► According to Alison Brysk, is the growing interpenetration of states, markets, communications and
ideas. It is one of the leading characteristics of the contemporary world.
► The rights of individual have come to depend ever more broad array of global system of policing
and forces from the local Police called INTERPOL