CHAPTER 1

• It is also known as “Anglo-American Justice”

• Common Law Systems
• It is distinguished by a strong inquisitorial system where less right is granted to the
accused and the written law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation.
• Civil Law Systems
• It is distinguished by procedures designed to rehabilitate the offender.
• Socialist System
• It is the theory of police service that maintains that police officers are servants of higher
authorities.
• Continental
• This theory of police service states that police officers are servants of the community or
the people.
• Home Rule
• It states that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the number of arrests made.
• Old police service
• It states that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the absence of crime.
• Modern police service
• A system of policing emerged during the Anglo-Saxon period whereby all male residents
were required to guard the town (tun) to preserve peace and protect the lives and
properties of the people.
• Tun Policing System
• A village law started in Britain which provided methods of apprehending a criminal by an
act of the complainant to shout to call all male residents to assemble and arrest the
suspect.
• Hue and Cry
• A judicial practice wherein the guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by
subjecting him to an unpleasant, usually dangerous, experience.
• Trial by Ordeal
• It was a policing system during the Norman Period when England was divided into fifty-
five (55) military areas.
• Shire-rieve
• A system of policing whereby a group of ten neighboring male residents over twelve
years of age were required to guard the town to preserve peace and protect the lives
and properties of the people.
• Frankpledge System
• The police and the citizens have the broad power to arrest. It introduced the system
called “citizen’s arrest.”
• Legis henrici
• A special court designed to try offenders against the state.
• Star Chamber Court
• Three or four men who were learned in the law of the land were given authority to
pursue, arrest, chastise, and imprisonment violators of the law.
• Justice of the peace
• He is appointed as Magistrate in 1748, introduced the first detective force, known as the
Bow Street Runners.
• Henry Fielding
• He is the first modern police force in the world.
• Marine Police Force
• It is made up of eight constables who also investigated crimes handed over to them by
the volunteer constables and watchmen.
• Bow Runners
• It is the military bodies who serve as guardians of peace in ancient Rome.
• Praetorian guards
• It is the modern police function that primarily involves the mission to reinforce
community values and laws.
• Deviance Control

CHAPTER 2

• It is the science and art of investigating and comparing the police system of nations. It
covers the study of police organizations, trainings and methods of policing of various
nations.
• Comparative Police System
• It is a term that has been used in comparative and international criminal justice study in
recent years to reflect the complexity and enormity of global crime issues.
• Transnational Crime
• A researcher visits another country.
• "Safari" Method
• It is basically an alternative to both quantitative and qualitative research methods that is
sometimes called historiography or holism.
• Historical-comprehensive Method
• It is that along with higher standards of living, victims become more careless of their
belongings, and opportunities for committing crime multiply.
• Opportunity Theory
• The latter being a term referring to social cohesion on values, suggests that progressive
lifestyle and norms result in the disintegration of older norms that once held people
together.
 • Theory of Anomie and Synomie
• It refers to a system where police administrations and operations are independent from
one state to another.
• Decentralized Law Enforcement
• A country with only one recognized police force which operates entire that country.
• Centralized Policing System
• The accused is innocent until proven guilty, and inquisitorial, where the accused is guilty
until proven innocent or mitigated.
• Adversarial System
• Where lesser rights are granted to the accused, and the written law is taken as gospel
and subject to little interpretation.
• Inquisitorial Systems

CHAPTER 3

To seek information on unidentified bodies

black notice

It aims to facilitate international police co-operation even where diplomatic relations do

not exist between particular countries.

interpol

To collect additional information about a person’s identity or activities in relation to a

crime.

blue notice

To provide information on modus operandi, procedures, and hiding places used by

criminals.

purple notice

It is the world’s oldest and largest nonprofit membership organization of police

executives, with over 20,000 members in over 80 different countries.

international association of chiefs of police

It refers to the reduction and removal of barriers between national borders in order to
facilitate to flow of goods, capital, services and labor.*
economic context OR GLOBALIZATION

To seek the arrest or provisional arrest of wanted persons with a view to extradition.

red notice

To help locate missing persons, often minors.

yellow notice

To provide warnings and intelligence about persons who have committed criminal
offences and are likely to repeat these crimes in other countries.

green notice

Compose of delegates appointed by the governments of Member Countries. As

Interpol’s supreme governing body, it meets once a year and takes all the major
decisions affecting general policy, the resources needed for international co-operation,
working methods, finances and program of activities.

general assembly

MIDTERM EXAM PART 1

A type of notice to provide information on modus operandi, procedures, and hiding

places used by criminals.

purple notice

It is a crime against humanity. It further defined as an act of recruiting, transporting,

transferring, harboring or receiving a person through a use of force, coercion or other
means, for
The purpose of exploiting them.

human trafficking

.A type of notice to seek information on unidentified bodies

black notice

It refers to a technologically based attack on person because of anger, revenge, or

control.

cyberstalking

A type of notice to seek the arrest or provisional arrest of wanted persons with a view to
extradition.

red notice

It involves selling drugs and drug paraphernalia, whether is it a local exchange between
a user and a dealer or a major international operation.

drug trafficking

It always seeks to obtain a financial or another material benefit, whereas power and
control can be secondary motives.

organized crime

Underground criminal societies based in Hong Kong. They control secret markets and
bus routes and are often involved in money laundering and drug trafficking.

triads

It is malicious software that interferes with the functioning of computers and sending
data of users over the internet.

malware

It refers to altering data or gaining unlawful use of computer or services.

computer fraud

It is the process of creating the appearance that large amounts of money obtained from
serious crimes, such as drug trafficking, originated from a legitimate source.

money laundering
 They have been involved in racketeering, fraud, tax evasion, gambling, drug trafficking,
ransom, robbery and murder.*

russian mafia

Japanese criminal group. Often involved in multinational criminals activities, including

human trafficking, gambling, prostitution, and undermining licit businesses.

yakuza

When has the INTERPOL begun?

1923

Organized crime group in Thailand. They are often involved in illegal political and
business activity.

jao pho

It records any information about something that was in a criminal case, ex: information
on criminals, type of crime, vehicles, anything to help any police officer with information
about a certain crime.

interpol

Known as the Italian or Italian-American mafia. The most prominent organized crime
group in the world from the 1920’s to the 1990’s.

la cosa nostra

IACP stands for_______.

international association of chiefs of police

It refers to the reduction and removal of barriers between national borders in order to
facilitate to flow of goods, capital, services, and labor. although considerable barriers
remain to the flow of labor.
globalization

Chinese organized group in the United States. They have been involved in smuggling,
street violence, and human trafficking.

fukching

A type of notice to provide warnings and intelligence about persons who have committed
criminal offenses and are likely to repeat these crimes in other countries.

green notice

Taiwanese gangsters who are often executives in large corporations. They are often
involved in white-collar crimes, such as illegal stock trading and bribery, and sometimes
run for public office.

Heijin

A type of notice to collect additional information about a person’s identity or activities in

relation to a crime.

blue notice

A type of notice to help locate missing persons, often minors.

yellow notice

It refers to using another's personal information to commit fraud or other crimes.L

identity theft

PRELIM EXAM PART 2

A village law started in Britain which provided methods of apprehending a criminal by an

act of the complainant to shout to call all male residents to assemble and arrest the
suspect.

hue and cry

It is a term that has been used in comparative and international criminal justice studies
in recent years to reflect the complexity and enormity of global crime issues.
transnational crime

It has little codification law, no specification among police, and a system of punishment
that just lets things go for a while without attention until things become too much, and
then harsh, barbaric punishment is resorted to.

folk-communal societies

It is a country with only one recognized police force that operates entirely in that country.

centralized policING SYSTEM

It involves the study and description of one country’s law, criminal procedure, or justice
(Erika Fairchild).

international criminal justice

.The examination of crime and its control in the comparative context often requires an
historical perspective since the phenomena under study are seen as having developed
under unique social, economic, and political structures

published works

It is basically an alternative to both quantitative and qualitative research methods.

historical-comprehensive method

It is the theory of police service that maintains that police officers are servants of higher
authorities.

continental

It is that crime everywhere is the result of unrestrained migration and overpopulation in

urban areas such as ghettos and slums.

migration theory

Police become specialized in how to handle property crimes, and the system of
punishment is run on market principles of creating incentives and disincentives.
urban-industrial societies

It refers to a system where police administrations and operations are independent of one
state to another.

decentralized police

A system of policing emerged during the Anglo-Saxon period whereby all male residents
were required to guard the town to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties
of the people.

tun policing system

This theory of police service states that police officers are servants of the community or
the people.

home rule

It is also known as “Anglo-American Justice”

common law systems

It is distinguished by procedures designed to rehabilitate the offender.

socialist system

It is that along with higher standards of living, victims become more careless of their
belongings, and opportunities for committing crime multiply.

opportunity theory

It is distinguished by a strong inquisitorial system where less right is granted to the

accused and the written law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation.

civil law systems

It states that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the absence of crime.

modern police service

It is stated that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the number of arrests made.
old police service

Where lesser rights are granted to the accused, and the written law is taken as gospel
and subject to little interpretation.

inquisitorial systems

A judicial practice where in the guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by

subjecting him to an unpleasant, usually dangerous, experience.

trial by ordeal

They report more crime to the police and also demand the police become more effective
at solving crime problems.

alertness to crime theory

It is the science and art of investigating and comparing the police system of nations.*

comparative police system

It refers to a researcher who visits another country) or a “collaborative” method (the

researcher communicates with a foreign researcher)

safari method

It is some standards and customs are written down), specialized police forces (some for
religious offenses, others for enforcing the King’s Law), and punishment is inconsistent,
sometimes harsh, sometimes lenient.

urban-commercial societies