The Absence of ASEAN:

Peacekeeping in Southeast Asia

Belinda Helmke

Since the end of the Cold War peacekeeping has become an increasingly popular tool to address conflicts
worldwide. More than two-thirds of all peacekeeping operations have occurred over the past eighteen years
alone. Contemporary peacekeeping has been used foremost to settle internal unrest and violence, rather
than conflict between states. Unlike military enforcement action, peacekeeping has to adhere to what Alex
J. Bellamy refers to as the ‘Holy Trinity’ of operational principles: consent, impartiality and minimum use of
force. (Bellamy, 2004). Consequently, states tend to accept peacekeeping operations on their territory more
readily than they do peace enforcement action.

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and Africa the correlation between con- cpf"cf"jqe"eqcnkvkqpu"kp"vjg"jkgtctej{"qh "
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Cukc" jcu" fgxgnqrgf" cu" vjg" pwodgt" qpg" mggrkpi" qrgtcvkqpu" cu" vjg" UGC" tgikqp" cppwcn"oknkvct{"gzrgpfkvwtg"uocnngt"vjcp"
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Itcrj"3"cpf"4+0 pcpeg"uwej"ORQ"yjkej"ctg"etwekcn0"Yj{" Pqv"pgeguuctkn{0"CUGCP"uvcvgu"eqwnf"Þ-
Uqwvjgcuv" Cukc" *UGC+" ku" rctvkewnctn{" vjgp"ku"vjg"UGC"tgikqp"pqv"tgàgevkxg"qh " pcpeg" rgcegmggrkpi" kh " vjg" oqtg" rtqu-
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pqp0" Vjg" tgikqp" jcu" ykvpguugf" ugtkqwu" gtc"vqyctfu"dqvj"kpetgcugf"rgcegmggrkpi" eqorctgf" vq" Yguvgtp" uvcpfctfu+" uwej"
ctogf"eqpàkev"cpf"kpvgtpcn"wptguv"kp"vjg" cpf"qwvuqwtekpi"qh "uwej"ORQ"vq"tgikq- cu"Kpfqpgukc."Vjckncpf."Ocnc{ukc."Ukpic-
oclqtkv{"qh "kvu"vgp"uvcvgu0"Kp"tgegpv"vkogu"
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ukc"cpf"Vjg"Rjknkrrkpgu"jcxg"dggp"rctvk-
ewnctn{"chhgevgf0""[gv."rgcegmggrkpi"qrg-
tcvkqpu" kp" vjg" rquv/Eqnf" Yct" gtc" jcxg"
been rare and limited to Cambodia in the
gctn{"3;;2u"*WP+"cpf"Gcuv"Vkoqt"ukpeg"
3;;;"*KPVGTHGV"cpf"WP+0"Yjcv"ku"vjg"
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ctogf" eqpàkev" vq" rgcegmggrkpi" kp" vjg"
UGC"tgikqpA"
Vjg"koogfkcvg"cpuygt"nkgu"kp"vjg"cpc-
n{uku" qh " vjg" cevqtu" wpfgtvcmkpi" rgceg-
mggrkpi" qrgtcvkqpu0" Ukpeg" 3;;2" jcnh " qh "
cnn" ORQ" jcxg" dggp" eqpfwevgf" d{" tgik-
qpcn"qticpk|cvkqpu."hqnnqygf"d{"vjg"WP"
ykvj" 59" rgt" egpv" cpf" cf" jqe" eqcnkvkqpu"
ykvj" 38" rgt" egpv" *Itcrj" 5+0" C" ncem" qh "

4 Rcekhke"Pgyu"Pt0"53"̋ Januar/Februar 2009

 rqtg" cpf" Vjg" Rjknkrrkpgu" ygtg" yknnkpi"
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wugf"hqt"ORQ"kp"vjg"tgikqp"ukpeg"3;;20"
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uvtcvgike0
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vjg" uq/ecnngf" Pqp/Cnkipgf" Oqxgogpv"
or Group of 77 at the UN (now con-
ukuvkpi" qh " oqtg" vjcp" 352" uvcvgu+" yjkej"
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ekrngu"ku"engctn{"tgàgevgf"kp"vjg"CUGCP"
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vjg" kpfgrgpfgpeg." uqxgtgkipv{." gswcnkv{."
territorial integrity and national identity
qh " cnn" CUGCP" ogodgt" uvcvguÒ" *Ctvkeng"
4."4c+0"Rgcegmggrkpi."fgurkvg"kvu"qrgtcvk-
qpcn" rtkpekrngu" qh " eqpugpv." korctvkcnkv{"
cpf"okpkowo"wug"qh "hqteg."ecppqv"jgnr"
but challenge the territorial integrity and
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d{"vjg"ogtg"rtgugpeg"qh "hqtgkip"vtqqru0"
Vjku" cnqpg" ku" uwhÞekgpv" hqt" CUGCP" vq"
be uncomfortable with the practice of
Cartography: Henry Küper
Overview ASEAN
Rcekhke"Pgyu"Pt0"53"̋ Januar/Februar 2009
rgcegmggrkpi0
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vjkp"dqtfgtu."jqygxgt."jcu"pqv"dggp"rtg-
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premium on political independence and
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enwukqp"ftcyp"d{"CUGCP"ku"vjcv"uwej"kp-
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pqv" c" tgikqpcn" rtqdngo0" Vjgtghqtg." pq"
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mggrkpi."ku"pgeguuct{0"Vjku"ku."qh "eqwtug."
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oqxgogpvu." Kuncoke" hwpfcogpvcnkuo."
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qh " vjg" vjtgcvu" yjkej" jcxg" eqog" vq" dg"
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ku"cp"wtigpv"pggf"hqt"CUGCP"vq"vcmg"qp"
rgcegmggrkpi"tgurqpukdknkvkgu0"Vqfc{."tg-
ikqpcn"qticpkucvkqpu"ctg"vjg"ockp"qrgtc-
vqtu"qh "ORQ"cpf"CUGCP"ecp"pq"nqpigt"
fghgt"vjg"tgurqpukdknkv{"hqt"uwej"cevkqpu"
uqngn{"vq"vjg"WP"*Ecodqfkc+"qt"cf"jqe"
eqcnkvkqpu"ngf"d{"uvcvgu"qwvukfg"vjg"tgikqp"
*Gcuv"Vkoqt+0"Kp"cffkvkqp."tgikqpcn"qtic-
pkucvkqpu"rtqxkfg"c"uwduvcpvkcn"rncvhqto"
hqt"cevkqp"kp"nkijv"qh "vjg"hcev"vjcv"UGC"
pcvkqpu." nkmg" ocp{" pqp/Yguvgtp" uvcvgu."
ctg" nctign{" gzenwfgf" htqo" vjg" fgekukqp/
5
ocmkpi"rtqeguugu"ykvjkp"vjg"WP0
Sense and Sensitivity
Kp"vjg"3;;2u"CUGCP"Þtuv"cvvgorvgf"vq"
tgfgÞpg" kvu" ugewtkv{" tqng." ncwpejkpi" vjg"
CUGCP"Tgikqpcn"Hqtwo"*CTH+"yjkej."
kp" tgvwtp." uwiiguvgf" vjg" guvcdnkujogpv"
of a regional peacekeeping training cen-
vtg0" [gv." ykvj" vjg" gzegrvkqp" qh " uqog"
oggvkpiu." yqtmujqru" cpf" ugokpctu" qp"
vjg"vqrke."nkvvng"jcrrgpgf"qp"vjg"rgceg-
mggrkpi"htqpv0"Kp"4225"vjg"CUGCP"Uwo-
okv" rtqrqugf" cp" CUGCP" Eqoowpkv{"
d{"4242."eqpukuvkpi"qh "c"ugewtkv{."geqpq-
oke."cu"ygnn"cu"uqekcn"cpf"ewnvwtcn"urjgtg0"
Cu" rctv" qh " vjg" ugewtkv{" eqoowpkv{." Kp-
fqpgukc"rtqrqugf"vjg"etgcvkqp"qh "c"tgik-
qpcn"rgcegmggrkpi"hqteg0"Vygnxg"oqpvju"
ncvgt."jqygxgt."CUGCP"htq|g"vjg"rtqrq-
ucn."ekvkpi"fkhhgtgpegu"kp"oknkvct{"ecrcdk-
nkvkgu"cpf"fqevtkpgu"cu"tgcuqpu0"Ocmctko"
Ykdkukpq." Kpfqpgukcp" Fktgevqt" Igpgtcn"
hqt"Cukc."Chtkec"cpf"vjg"RcekÞe"uqwijv"vq"
rwv" c" rqukvkxg" urkp" qp" vjg" fghgcv" uwhhg-
tgf"d{"ctiwkpi"vjcv"Ñvjg"kfgc"*qh "rgceg-
mggrkpi+"ku"uvknn"vjgtg"]È_"yg"qpn{"ejcp-
igf"vjg"yqtfkpi"dgecwug"uqog"eqwpvtkgu"
ctg" uvknn" ugpukvkxg" vq" vjg" yqtfuÒ" *Cukcp"
Rqnkvkecn" Pgyu." 4226+0" Cu" gzrnckpgf" gc-
tnkgt." vjg" rtgfqokpcpv" tgcuqpu" hqt" vjg"
tglgevkqp" qh " vjg" rgcegmggrkpi" rtqrqucn"
ygtg"rqnkvkecn"cpf"uvtcvgike"kp"pcvwtg"tcv-
jgt"vjcp"Þpcpekcn"qt"oknkvct{"eqpegtpu0"
Fgurkvg" vjku" ftcydcem" cpf" c" ncem" qh "
eqpugpuwu" ykvjkp" CUGCP." fkuewuukqpu"
cpf"rtcevkeg"ujqy"vjcv"vjgtg"jcu"dggp"c"
ujkhv"kp"ogodgt"uvcvguÔ"cvvkvwfgu"vqyctfu"
rgcegmggrkpi0" Vjckncpf." Ocnc{ukc." Vjg"
Rjknkrrkpgu." Kpfqpgukc" cpf." vq" c" nguugt"
gzvgpv" Ukpicrqtg." jcxg" icvjgtgf" gzvgp-
ukxg"gzrgtkgpeg"kp"vjg"Þgnf"vjtqwij"vjgkt"
participation in UN peacekeeping opera-
vkqpu"*Ecodqfkc+."cu"ygnn"cu"qvjgt"ownvk-
ncvgtcn"cttcpigogpvu"*Gcuv"Vkoqt+0"
Kp" 3;;;" CUGCP" jcf" vjg" qrrqtvw-
pkv{" vq" vcmg" vjg" kpkvkcvkxg" tgictfkpi" vjg"
deployment of a peacekeeping force to
Gcuv" Vkoqt0" Kpuvgcf." vjg" qticpkucvkqp"
qrrqugf" eqnngevkxg" kpvgtxgpvkqp." rtg-
fqokpcpvn{" fwg" vq" kvu" wpyknnkpipguu" vq"
eqortqokug" qp" vjg" fqevtkpgu" qh " uqxg-
tgkipv{" cpf" pqp/kpvgthgtgpeg0" Vjku" tg-
nwevcpeg" nghv" Cwuvtcnkc" vq" kpvgthgtg" ykvj"
Belinda Helmke [belindahelmke@mac.com] was recently awarded a PhD from Macquarie University,
Sydney, for her thesis entitled “Under Attack: The Challenge of Recent State Practice to the Rules Governing
the International Use of Force”. Her research focuses primarily on international law and the use of force.
Belinda currently works as a writer and political risk analyst.
6 Rcekhke"Pgyu"Pt0"53"̋ Januar/Februar 2009
vjg"uwrrqtv"qh "kpfkxkfwcn"CUGCP"eqwp-
vtkgu"*Vjckncpf."Ukpicrqtg."Ocnc{ukc."Vjg"
Rjknkrrkpgu+"cpf"vjg"eqpugpv"qh "Kpfqpg-
ukc0" Vjku" cv" ngcuv" rtgugtxgf" vjg" tgikqpcn"
ejctcevgt"qh "vjg"KPVGTHGV"qrgtcvkqp0"
Kp" 4224" Kpfqpgukc" hwtvjgtoqtg" kpxkvgf"
vtqqru" htqo" Vjckncpf" cpf" Vjg" Rjknkr-
rkpgu"vq"uwrrqtv"vjg"rgceghwn"ugvvngogpv"
qh "kvu"eqpàkev"ykvj"ugrctcvkuv"oqxgogpvu"
kp"Cegj0"Vyq"{gctu"ncvgt."Vjg"Rjknkrrkpgu"
kpxkvgf" Ocnc{ukcp" rgcegmggrgtu" vq" oq-
pkvqt" vjg" egcugÞtg" kp" Okpfcpcq0" Yjkng"
CUGCP"cu"c"yjqng"oc{"pqv"dg"oqxkpi"
vqyctfu" c" eqpetgvg" rqnke{" qp" rgceg-
mggrkpi." kpfkxkfwcn" uvcvgu" ctg" kpetgcukp-
in{"godtcekpi"vjg"eqpegrv0"
Kp"urkvg"qh "vjg"uweeguuhwn"vtcem"tgeqtf"
qh " vjg" vyq" eqtg" rquv/Eqnf" Yct" rgceg-
mggrkpi"okuukqpu"kp"vjg"tgikqp."UGC"pc-
vkqpu"ewttgpvn{"uvknn"rtghgt"vq"ngcxg"uwej"
vcumu"vq"vjg"WP"cpf."kp"gzegrvkqpcn"ekt-
ewouvcpegu"uwej"cu"Gcuv"Vkoqt."vq"cp"cf"
jqe"eqcnkvkqp0"Vjku"yc{"vjg"tgikqpÔu"vgp"
uvcvgu"fq"pqv"ejcnngpig"gcej"qvjgtÔu"uqxg-
tgkipv{"qrgpn{0"Tcvjgt"vjku"ku"fqpg"d{"vjg"
vyq"cdqxg/ogpvkqpgf"cevqtu0"CUGCP"ku"
wugf" uqngn{" hqt" nguu" eqpvtqxgtukcn" fkrnq-
ocvke"cpf"eqpàkev"rtgxgpvkqp"ogcuwtgu0
Conclusions
Vjg"hwvwtg"qh "ownvkncvgtcn"rgcegmggrkpi"
qrgtcvkqpu"kp"UGC"ku"tcvjgt"uqdgtkpi0"Kp"
the realm of peacekeeping the region
tgockpu"c"tcvjgt"kuqncvgf"kuncpf"kp"c"ugc"
qh "ejcpig0"Kv"crrgctu"nctign{"wpchhgevgf"
d{"vjg"kpvgtpcvkqpcn"vtgpf"vqyctfu"dqvj"
kpetgcugf" rgcegmggrkpi" cpf" vjg" qwv-
uqwtekpi" qh " uwej" qrgtcvkqpu" vq" tgikq-
pcn"qticpkucvkqpu"cpf"cf"jqe"eqcnkvkqpu0"
C"ncem"qh "pggf"ku"egtvckpn{"pqv"vjg"kuuwg"
ykvj" ocp{" rctvu" qh " Kpfqpgukc" *Cegj."
Yguv"Rcrwc."Mcnkocpvcp+"cpf"Vjg"Rjk-
nkrrkpgu"*Okpfcpcq+."hqt"gzcorng."dgkpi"
kp"fktg"pggf"qh "rgcegmggrkpi"qrgtcvkqpu0"
Vjg"eqtg"dcttkgt"vqyctfu"vjg"eqpfwev"qh "
peacekeeping in the region therefore re-
ockpu"CUGCPÔu"uvtqpi"gpfqtugogpv"qh "
vjg"pqtou"qh "uqxgtgkipv{"cpf"pqp/kpvgt-
hgtgpeg0"
Vjg"ejcpikpi"cvvkvwfgu"vqyctfu"vjgug"
vyq" eqpegrvu" kp" vjg" WP." rctvkewnctn{"
yjgp" kv" eqogu" vq" kpvgtxgpvkqp" dcugf"
qp" jwocpkvctkcp" itqwpfu." oc{" ecuecfg"
fqyp"vq"vjg"tgikqpcn"ngxgn"kp"fwg"eqwtug0"
Jqygxgt." ceeqtfkpi" vq" O0E0" Cdcf" Lt0."
Cuukuvcpv"Fktgevqt"qh "vjg"CUGCP"Uge-
tgvctkcv" vjg" godtceg" cpf" guvcdnkujogpv"
qh "rgcegmggrkpi"qrgtcvkqpu"vjtqwij"vjg"
qticpkucvkqp"ku"cnuq"jkijn{"fgrgpfgpv"qp"
ogodgt" uvcvguÔ" kpvgtpcn" rqnkvkecn" uvtwe-
vwtgu0"Cdcf"ctiwgu"vjcv"Ñvjg"oqtg"fgoq-
etcvke"*CUGCP"uvcvguÔ"rqnkvkecn"u{uvgou+."
vjg"oqtg"qrgp"vjg{"yqwnf"dg"vq"qhhgtu"
qh " gzvgtpcn" cuukuvcpegÒ" *O0E0" Cdcf." Lt0."
4225+0" C" uwduvcpvkcn" ejcpig" kp" rqnkvkecn"
cpf" uvtcvgike" cvvkvwfgu" vqyctf" dqvj" iq-
xgtpcpeg" cpf" ugewtkv{" ku" vjgtghqtg" pg-
eguuct{" vq" ocmg" vjg" eqpfwev" qh " rgceg-
mggrkpi" qrgtcvkqpu" vjtqwij" CUGCP"
rquukdng0"
References
Abad, M.C. Jr., (2003), “Prospects for UN-ASEAN
Eqqrgtcvkqp"kp"Eqpàkev"OcpcigogpvÒ."Rcrgt"rtgugpvgf"cv"
vjg"Vjktf"WP/CUGCP"Eqphgtgpeg"kp"Eqpàkev"Rtgxgpvk-
qp."cxckncdng"cv"jvvr<11yyy0cugcpuge0qti1364240jvo"
Cukcp"Rqnkvkecn"Pgyu"*43"Lwpg"4226+."ÑCUGCP"ftqru"
tgikqpcn"rgcegmggrgtu"rncpÒ
Dgnnco{."Cngz"L0."Yknnkcou."Rcwn."cpf"ItkhÞvj."Uvwctv"
*4226+."Wpfgtuvcpfkpi"Rgcegmggrkpi"*Ecodtkfig<"Rqnkv{+0
Ecdcnngtq/Cpvjqp{."Ogn{"*4227+")Kpvtqfwevkqp<"WP"
Rgceg"Qrgtcvkqpu"cpf"Cukcp"Ugewtkv{)."Kpvgtpcvkqpcn"
Rgcegmggrkpi."34<3."3/39
Fgrctvogpv"qh "Rgceg"cpf"Eqpàkev"Tgugctej."Wrruc-
nc"Wpkxgtukv{."WEFR1RTKQ"Ctogf"Eqpàkev"Fcvcugv"
3;68/4227"*Xgtukqp6/4228+."cxckncdng"cv"jvvr<11yyy0
ret0ww0ug1tgugctej1WEFR1qwtafcvc30jvo
Igtuvn."Cnhtgf"*422:+."Vjg"Ejkpc"Hcevqt"kp"Tgikqpcn"
Eqqrgtcvkqp<"Vjg"CUGCP"Tgikqpcn"Hqtwo"cpf"vjg"
Ujcpijck"Eqqrgtcvkqp"Qticpk|cvkqp."Cwuvtkcp"Lqwtpcn"hqt"
Uqwvj"Gcuv"Cukcp"Uvwfkgu"*hqtvjeqokpi+
Ingfkvuej."Pknu"Rgvvgt"*4228+."WEFR1RTKQ"Ctogf"
Eqpàkev"Fcvcugv"Eqfgdqqm"Xgtukqp"6/4228"*Wrrucnc<"
Fgrctvogpv"qh "Rgceg"cpf"Eqpàkev"Tgugctej."Wrrucnc"
Wpkxgtukv{+
Uvqemjqno"Kpvgtpcvkqpcn"Rgceg"Tgugctej"Kpuvkvwvg."Fc-
vcdcug"qp"Ownvkncvgtcn"Rgceg"Qrgtcvkqpu."cxckncdng"cv"
jvvr<11yyy0ukrtk0qti1eqpvgpvu1eqpàkev1fcvcdcug/Kpvtq1
Data Sources of Graphs 1-3:
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute,
Database on Multilateral Peace Operations,
available at http://www.sipri.org/contents/conflict/
database-Intro/
The NGO zone
Asian non-governmental organisations’ role in
shaping the human rights of the region
Dorottya Atol

“Universality. We can learn from different cultures in a pluralistic perspective and draw lessons from the
humanity of these cultures to deepen respect for human rights. There is emerging a new understanding of
universalism encompassing the richness and wisdom of Asia-Pacific cultures.”
Bangkok NGO declaration
Bangkok, Thailand, May 29, 1993.

Vjku" rcrgt" cfftguugu" swguvkqpu" qh " tg- rqrwncvkqp"cpf"jcu"c"pqvqtkqwun{"fkuocn" rnceg"kp"vjg"rtkqtkvkgu"qh "Cukcp"kpvgt/iq-

ikqpcnkuo" cpf" kp" rctvkewnct." kvu" ukipkÞ-
ecpeg" kp" jwocp" tkijvu" rtqvgevkqp=" cpf"
gzrnqtgu" vjg" tqng" pqp/iqxgtpogpvcn"
qticpkucvkqpu" *PIQu+" jcxg" kp" vjku" tg-
ictf0" Kv" cpcn{ugu" vjgug" kuuwgu" vjtqwij"
gzcokpkpi" vjg" cevkxkvkgu" qh " hqwt" Cukcp"
PIQu" vjcv" ctg" ukoknctn{" cevkxg" kp" ugxg-
tcn"eqwpvtkgu"qh "Cukc0"Vjg"Cukcp"Jwocp"
Tkijvu" Eqookuukqp" *CJTE+" ku" nqecvgf"
kp"Jqpi"Mqpi="vjg"Uqwvj"Cukcp"hqt"Jw-
ocp" Tkijvu" *UCHJT+" kp" Mcvjocpfw="
vjg"Cukcp"Hqtwo"hqt"Jwocp"Tkijvu"cpf"
Fgxgnqrogpv"*Hqtwo"Cukc+"kp"Dcpimqm="
cpf"vjg"Cukc/RcekÞe"Jwocp"Tkijvu"Pgv-
yqtm"*CRJTP+"kp"Pgy"Fgnjk0"
Tgikqpcnkuo"ku"cp"korqtvcpv"curgev"qh "
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ekukxg" hcevqt" ujcrkpi" vjg" jwocp" tkijvu"
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ucn"jwocp"tkijvu"rtqvgevkqp"ku"vjg"kpvgt-
pcvkqpcn"u{uvgo."dwknv"ockpn{"ctqwpf"vjg"
Wpkvgf"Pcvkqpu"ocejkpgt{."tgikqpcn"jw-
ocp"tkijvu"uvtwevwtgu"kp"Gwtqrg"*Eqwp-
ekn"qh "Gwtqrg+."vjg"Cogtkecu"*ykvjkp"vjg"
Qticpk|cvkqp" qh " Cogtkecp" Uvcvgu+." cpf"
Chtkec" *ykvjkp" vjg" Chtkecp" Wpkqp+" jcxg"
rnc{gf" c" ukipkÞecpv" tqng" cu" ygnn0" Tgik-
qpcn" eqqrgtcvkqp" qhvgp" hwpevkqpu" cu" c"
rtqvgevkxg" eqwpvgtdcncpeg" vq" gzeguugu"
qh " inqdcnkucvkqp." cpf" cnuq" rtqxkfgu" qr-
rqtvwpkvkgu"vq"uvgr"qwv"qh "vjg"tkikf"jqnf"
tgeqtf" qh " jwocp" tkijvu" xkqncvkqpu." {gv"
jwocp" tkijvu" ctg" eqpurkewqwun{" cdugpv"
from the agenda of regional coopera-
vkqp0"Vjg"Cukcp"tgikqp"eqxgtu"xcuv"ctgcu"
ykvj" koogpug" fkxgtukv{" qh " gvjpkekvkgu."
ncpiwcigu."tgnkikqpu"cpf"ewnvwtgu."cpf"ce-
eqtfkpin{." kv" ku" fkhÞewnv" vq" xkgy" Cukc" cu"
c" ukping" tgikqp0" Cukc" ku" eqooqpn{" fkxk-
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vq" dg" uvtkevn{" jqoqigpqwu." ukpeg" rnwtc-
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vwtg0" Vjwu" kv" ku" rquukdng" vq" eqpegkxg" qh "
cp"gpeqorcuukpi"tgikqpcn"jwocp"tkijvu"
htcogyqtm"hqt"vjg"Cukcp"tgikqp."ukoknct"
vq" vjqug" kp" gzkuvgpeg" kp" Gwtqrg." Chtkec"
cpf"vjg"Cogtkecu0"Oqtg"urgekÞe"uwd/tg-
ikqpcn"cttcpigogpvu"eqwnf"gxgpvwcnn{"fg-
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itqykpi" rwdnke" cyctgpguu" cdqwv" tkijvu"
cpf"vjg"kpvgpug"fkuewuukqpu"rtgekrkvcvgf"
d{" vjg" guecncvkqp" qh " vjg" ÑCukcp" xcnwguÒ"
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tkijvu"jcxg"uvknn"pqv"tgcejgf"c"rtqokpgpv"
xgtpogpvcn"rqnkvkeu0"Tgegpvn{"vjgtg"jcxg"
dggp"cvvgorvu"ykvjkp"CUGCP"vq"kpeqt-
rqtcvg"c"jwocp"tkijvu"gngogpv"kpvq"vjg"
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4229."Ctv0"360+."{gv"vjg"pgiqvkcvkqpu"jcxg"
pqv" tgcejgf" eqpukfgtcdng" tguwnvu" uq" hct0"
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Cukcp" ekxkn" uqekgv{" vjcv" jcu" dggp" vcmkpi"
qp" jwocp" tkijvu" rtqdngou" kp" vjg" cd-
ugpeg" qh " c" eqqtfkpcvgf" cpf" uwduvcpvkcn"
iqxgtpogpvcn" eqpvtkdwvkqp0" Vjg" qrgtc-
vkqp" qh " ÑpcvkxgÒ" Cukcp" PIQu" ku" gurg-
ekcnn{" ukipkÞecpv." rctvkewnctn{" vjqug" vjcv"
iq" dg{qpf" nqecn" cevkxkuo" cpf" gzvgpf"
vjgkt" cfxqece{" vtcpu/pcvkqpcnn{" cetquu"
nctig"rctvu"qh "Cukc0"
Asian NGOs in the forefront
of human rights protection
Vjg"cevkxkvkgu"qh "vjg"CJTE."vjg"Hqtwo/
Cukc."vjg"UCHJT."cpf"vjg"CRJTP"fg-
oqpuvtcvg"ygnn"vjg"korcev"vjcv"ekxkn"uqek-
gv{"ecp"jcxg"qp"vjg"Cukcp"jwocp"tkijvu"
fkueqwtug0" Vjgug" PIQu" ctg" Ñpcvkxgn{"
CukcpÒ"kp"vjg"ugpug"vjcv"vjg{"ygtg"hqwp-
fgf"cpf"ctg"uvknn"qrgtcvgf"d{"kpfkxkfwcnu"
Source: AHRC: http://www.ahrchk.net/index.php

qh "gzvtgog"pcvkqpcnkuo"cpf"uqxgtgkipv{/
iwctfkpi"*Mcv|gpuvgkp."4222+0"C"tgikqpcn"
jwocp"tkijvu"qticpkucvkqp"ecp"hceknkvcvg"
nqecn"kpvgtxgpvkqp"kp"vjg"ecug"qh "c"jwocp"
tkijvu"etkuku."yjkej"ecp"dg"dgpgÞekcn"gu-
rgekcnn{" kp" ektewouvcpegu" yjgtg" vjg" kp-
vgtpcvkqpcn"u{uvgo"ku"unqy"vq"cev"cpf"vq"
crrtgekcvg" vjg" ugxgtkv{" qh " vjg" ukvwcvkqp0"
Hwtvjgtoqtg." kv" rtqxkfgu" cp" cffkvkqpcn"
uwrgtxkuqt{"ogejcpkuo"vq"uvcvgu0"
Cukc" ku" vjg" eqpvkpgpv" ykvj" vjg" nctiguv"

Rcekhke"Pgyu"Pt0"53"̋ Januar/Februar 2009 7