SKELETAL SYSTEM

5 functions of the skeletal system

1. Movement
2. Support
3. Protection
4. Makes blood
5. Storage

2 major skeletal system parts

1. Axial skeleton (skull, spine, ribs, and

sternum)
2. Appendicular skeleton (shoulders,
arms, hips, and legs)

4 basic bone shapes

1. Long (arms, legs and fingers)
2. Short (wrist and ankles)
3. Flat (skull and sternum)
4. Irregular (spine)
What is the structure of bone?
Typical 4 layers
Periosteum (covers bone)
Compact bone (lies beneath the periosteum)
Spongy bone (lies beneath the compact bone)
Bone marrow (fills the gaps between the
spongy bone)
 inside the compact bone is the layer
called spongy bone (many spaces,
light but strong)
 spongy bone is also found at the end
of bones
 in the spaces of many bones, there
is a soft connective tissue called
marrow.

 20% of an adult’s body weight is

bone
 Bone is made up of 2 minerals
(calcium and phosphorus)

 As an infant most of our skeleton is

cartilage. (strong flexible tissue)
Vertebral column or spinal cord

1. The cervical region (neck bones)

2. The thoracic region (what the ribs
attach to)
3. The lumbar region (the lower part of
the back) The scapula is located on the backside of the
ribcage and helps provide part of the
Humerus (upper arm bone) bicep shoulder joint and movement for the arm.

 Radius on top, Ulna on bottom

Carpals or wrist bones

 The tibia and fibula

Sternum (breastbone)

Tarsals

Metatarsals
Pelvis

Phalanges

Femur (largest bone in the body)

What are joints? What is a hinge joint?

 A joint is a place where two bones

come together
 Allow bones to move in diff ways

Two types of bones:

 Immovable
 Movable

 Allows little to no movement

What is a pivot joint?

What is a gliding joint?

What is a ball and socket joint?

What is a ligament?
 Connects bone to bone
What is a tendon?
 Attaches muscles to bones