SPH4UE – OFFICIAL FORMULA SHEET (REVISED)

Math Review
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑜𝑝𝑝
𝑥= 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 =
2𝑎 ℎ𝑦𝑝 ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗
a b c
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝜃 = =
sin A sin B sin C

Motion
𝑑 ∆𝑑⃗ ⃗⃗
∆𝑣
∆𝑑⃗ = ∆𝑑⃗1 + ∆𝑑⃗2 𝑣= 𝑣⃗𝑎𝑣 = 𝑎⃗𝑎𝑣 =
𝑡 ∆𝑡 ∆𝑡

⃗⃗2 −𝑣
𝑣 ⃗⃗1 1 1
𝑎⃗ = ∆𝑑⃗ = 𝑣⃗1 ∆𝑡 + 2 𝑎⃗(∆𝑡)2 ∆𝑑⃗ = 𝑣⃗2 ∆𝑡 − 2 𝑎⃗(∆𝑡)2
∆𝑡

⃗⃗ +𝑣
𝑣 ⃗⃗
∆𝑑⃗ = ( 1 2 2) ∆𝑡 𝑣22 = 𝑣12 + 2𝑎∆𝑑 𝑣⃗𝐴𝐵 = 𝑣⃗𝐴𝐶 + 𝑣⃗𝐶𝐵 𝑣⃗𝐴𝐵 = −𝑣⃗𝐵𝐴

Forces 
     F  
𝐹⃗𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎⃗  Fx = max  Fy = may a=
m
Fg = mg Ff = FN

Uniform Circular Motion

 v2   GMm 2r GM

1
ac = Fc = mac Fg = v= ac = 4 2 rf 2 𝑇=𝑓 v=
r r2 T r

Energy
1 2
W = Fd Eg = mgh Ek = mv Fspring = −kx Eth = Fk d
2
1 2 m
EE = kx T = 2 E T = EE + Ek
2 k

Momentum
𝑝⃗𝑇 = 𝑝⃗𝑇′ 𝑝⃗ = 𝑚𝑣⃗ ∆𝑝⃗ = 𝐹⃗ ∆𝑡

Gravitational Fields
𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝐺𝑀 𝐺𝑀
𝐹𝑔 = 𝑔= 𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 = √
𝑟2 𝑟2 𝑟

Electric Fields
𝑘𝑞1 𝑘𝑞1 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃑
𝐹𝑒 1 1
𝜀= 𝑉= 𝑄 = 𝑁𝑒 𝜀⃑ = 𝐸𝐸 =qV ∆𝐸𝐸 =q∆V ∆𝑉 = 𝑘𝑞(𝑟 − 𝑟 )
𝑟2 𝑟 𝑞 𝐵 𝐴
𝑘𝑞1 𝑞2 𝑘𝑞1 𝑞2 𝑚𝑔𝑟 ∆𝑉
𝐸𝑒 =  𝐹𝑒 = For parallel plates: 𝑞 = 𝜀=
𝑟 𝑟2 ∆𝑉 𝑑

Magnetic Fields
𝑞 𝜀
= 𝐹𝑀 = 𝑞𝑣𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝐹𝑀 = 𝐼𝑙𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑚 𝐵2 𝑟
Light as a Wave
𝑣 = 𝑓𝜆
2 Point Source or Double Slit Single Opening or Single Slit

Dark 𝑥𝑛 1 𝜆
𝑥𝑛 𝜆
= (𝑛 − 2) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑛 = 𝑛 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑛
lines 𝐿 𝑑 𝐿 𝑤

Bright 𝑥m 𝜆 𝑥m 𝜆
lines =m = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃m = ( m +
1 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
m
𝐿 𝑑 𝐿 2 𝑤
Δ𝑥 𝜆
Pattern Δ𝑥 𝜆 =
Spacing = 𝐿 𝑤
𝐿 𝑑
NOT true in central region

Quantum Theory
ℎ𝑐
𝐸𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 = ℎ𝑓 𝐸𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 = 𝐸𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 = 𝑊 + 𝐸𝑘
𝜆

Physical Constants:

Acceleration due to gravity: g = 9.80 m/s2 [downwards]

Gravitational field constant: g = 9.80 N/kg
Universal gravitational constant: G = 6.67 X 10−11 Nm2 /kg2
Speed of light in a vacuum: c = 3.00 X 108 m/s
Coulomb’s constant: k = 9.0 X 109 Nm2 /C2
Elementary charge: e = 1.60 X 10−19 C
Electron volt: eV = 1.60 X 10−19 J
Planck's Constant: h = 6.63 X 10−34 Js
Electron mass: me = 9.11 X 10−31 kg
Proton mass: mp = 1.67 X 10−27 kg
Neutron mass: mn = 1.67 X 10−27 kg
Radius of the Earth: rE = 6.38 X 106 m
Mass of Earth: ME = 5.98 X 1024 kg