TRAFFIC LAWS,

RULES, AND
REGULATIONS
 Traffic Laws, Rules and Regulations, and Other Related Statutes

R.A 4136 (June 20, 1964) R.A. 6539 (August 26,

1972)
The basic law regulating
land transportation in the Known as the Anti-
Philippines. Carnapping Act of 1972, it
serves as the law penalizing
carnapping. Repealed by
R.A 10883.
Traffic Laws, Rules and Regulations, and Other Related Statutes

R.A. 8749 (Clean Air

R.A 5448 Act of 1998)
An act imposing a tax on
privately owned passenger Regulates emission of
automobiles, motorcycles and toxic gases of both
scooters, and a science stamp gasoline and diesel
tax, to constitute a special
science fund defining the engines and bans the
programs, projects, and use of leaded gas for
activities of science agencies. gasoline engines.
Traffic Laws, Rules and Regulations, and Other Related Statutes

R.A 8750 (Seatbelt Law)

R.A 7294
It provides for the
attachment of seatbelts
The law creating the
for all types of motor
Metropolitan Manila
vehicles and imposes
Development Authority
penalties for non-
(MMDA).
compliance thereof.
Traffic Laws, Rules and Regulations, and Other Related Statutes

R.A. 8794 R.A 10586 (Anti-Drunk and

Drugged Driving Act of 2013)
The law penalizing
A law penalizing persons
imposing penalties on driving under the influence of
overloaded motor alcohol, dangerous drugs, and
vehicles. similar substances and other
purposes.
Traffic Laws, Rules and Regulations, and Other Related Statutes

R.A 10913

R. A 10883 Anti-Distracted Driving

Act
Shall be known as the
New Anti-Carnapping
Law of 2016, repealing R.A 10916
R.A 6539.
Road Speed Limiter
Act of 2016
Traffic Laws, Rules and Regulations, and Other Related Statutes

R.A 11229 R.A 11235

Child Safety in Motorcycle Crime

Motor Vehicles Act Prevention Act
 RA 10054

This is known as the

“Motorcycle Helmet Act of
2009”.
Traffic Laws, Rules and Regulations, and Other Related Statutes
Presidential Decrees:
P.D 96 - Regulating the
attachment and use of
sirens, bells, horns, blinkers,
etc. and limiting their use to
vehicles belonging to the
AFP, NBI, LTO, PNP, BJMP,
BFP, Hospitals, and fire
volunteers.
P.D 101 - Expediting the
methods of prescribing,
redefining, or modifying
the lines and modes of
operations of public utility
motor vehicles in the
Philippines.
P.D 207
P.D 612
Declaring as part of
Requiring compulsory
the laws of the insurance for all types of
Philippines the motor vehicles against
Vienna Convention third liability is an
on Road Traffic, additional prerequisite for
Signs and Signals. registration by the LTO.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 207 June 6, 1973

RATIFYING THE 1968 VIENNA CONVENTIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS ON

ROAD TRAFFIC AND ROAD SIGNS AND SIGNALS, RESPECTIVELY

WHEREAS, a United Nations Conference on Road Traffic was held in Vienna, Austria,
for the period from October 7 to November 8, 1968, under the auspices of the United
Nations Economic and Social Council;

WHEREAS in this Conference, the participating countries, including the Philippines,

have agreed on a Convention for Road Traffic and a separate Convention for Road
Signs and Signals, both considered absolutely necessary to facilitate international road
traffic and to increase road safety;

WHEREAS, the contracting parties to these Conventions to which the Philippines is a

signatory, have agreed to accept the system of traffic, road signs, signals and symbols,
and road markings described in said conventions and to adopt the same as soon as
possible;
 P.D 1605
P.D 1686
Granting the Metropolitan
Imposing a tax on Manila Commission
every motor vehicle certain powers related to
equipped with an air traffic management and
conditioner. control.

P.D 1181

Providing for the abatement

of air pollution from motor
vehicles.
•P.D 98 - Regulating the issuance of license plates of all motor
vehicles. (Modified by P.D 109)

•P.D 1729 - Authorizing the Bureau of Land Transportation to

dispose of impounded motor vehicles unclaimed by owners for
a certain period of time.

•P.D 1730 - Declaring the syndicated printing, manufacture,

distribution, possession, or use of face official Bureau of Land
Transportation forms, documents, plates, and stickers.
Memorandum Circulars:

•M.C 94-188 – Issuance of driver’s license to disabled persons

•M.C 92-192 – Diesel smoke emission test for motor vehicles
•M.C 90-020 – Directing all public land transportation service
operators and drivers to display in any conspicuous place of
their vehicles the authorized fare matrix for the specific route
granted to them.
•M.C 94-002 – Sanctions on operators arising from the
violations of their drivers.
•M.C 94-209 – Clarificatory guidelines for the
registration/operation of new private vehicles, particularly in the
use of conduction stickers.
Letters of Information:

•L.O.I No. 43 - Providing for the removal of all impediments on

roads, streets and highways such as construction, stalled or
parked vehicles, and other movable property that obstructs free
passage.

•L.O.I No. 112 - Prohibiting freight and cargo trucks from using
roads, highways ,and bridges whose capacity are in excess of
specified load limits.

•L.O.I No. 229 - Requiring all motor vehicles owners, users or

drivers to have at least one (1) pair of Early Warning Device in
their possession at all times.
•L.O.I No. 716 - Every motor vehicle to equip at least a pair of early warning device.

•L.O.I No. 551 - Directing the law enforcement agencies to implement the Pollution
Control Program.

•L.O.I No. 853 - Calling for the National Tripartite Conference to consider the
establishment of viable labor management relations based upon the “boundary” system
in land transportation.

•L.O.I No. 1009 - All owners of private motor vehicles who desire to stop operating or
using their number plates and registration certificates to surrender to BLT (Now LTO).

•L.O.I No. 1071 - Owners and/or operators of motor vehicles authorized to pay the
annual premiums for the insurance of their motor annual premiums for the insurance of
their motor vehicles on quarterly basis.
Department Orders:

•DOTC D.O 88-305 - Rules of pleadings, practice,

and procedure for appeals on franchising, fare rates
charges, and other related matters pertaining to
Land Transportation Public Utilities.

•D.O 93-693 - Revised Schedule of Administrative

Fees and charges of the Land Transportation
Office.
Executive Orders:

E.O 125 – Reorganization of DOTC, defining its powers and

for other purposes.
E.O 266 – Providing two separate units in the Office of the
Asst. Secretary for Land Transportation in the DOTC.
E.O 202 – Creating the Land Transportation and
Franchising Regulatory Board (LTFRB).
E.O 248 – Empowering the LTO to control and supervise
operations of motor vehicle driving schools.
•Other Special Laws:

• Batas Pambansa Blg. 344 (B.P 344)

An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons

by requiring certain buildings, institutions,
establishments, and public utilities to install
facilities and other devices.
 Important Provisions of R.A 4136

Definition of Terms (R.A 4136):

Motor Vehicle - Shall mean

any vehicle propelled by any
power other than muscular
power using the public
highways, but excepting
roads rollers, trolley cars,
streetsweepers, sprinkles,
lawn movers, bulldozers etc.
Passenger Automobiles - Shall mean all pneumatic tire
vehicles of types similar to those usually known under the
following terms:

Touring car Landaulet

Command Car Limousine
Speedster Sedan
Sports car Roadster
Sedan SUV
Cabriolet Truck
Coupe
Passenger truck – a motor vehicle registered for
more than nine passengers.
Articulated Vehicle – This shall mean any motor vehicle
with a trailer having no front axle and so attached that part of
the trailer rests upon the motor vehicle and a substantial part
of the weight of the trailer and of its load is borne by the motor
vehicle.
An articulated vehicle is a vehicle that has a permanent
or semi-permanent pivot joint in its construction,
allowing it to turn more sharply. There are many kinds,
from heavy equipment to buses, trams, and trains.

Driver - Shall mean every
and any licensed operator of
a motor vehicle.
Professional Driver - Every
and any driver hired for
driving or operating a motor
vehicle, whether for private
use or for hire to the public.
Owner - The actual legal
owner of a motor vehicle in
whose name such vehicle is
duly registered with the
LTO.

Dealer - Every person, association,

partnership, or corporation making,
manufacturing, constructing,
assembling, remodeling or setting up
motor vehicles and every such entity
acting as agent for the sale of one or
more makes, styles, or kinds of motor
vehicles.
Garage

Any building in which two or more motor vehicles, either with or

without drivers, are kept ready for hire to the public, but shall not
include street stands, public service stations, or other public places
designated by the proper authority as parking spaces for motor
vehicles for hire while awaiting or soliciting business.
Gross Weight (VEHICLE WEIGHT + MAXIMUM ALLOWED WEIGHT OF
LOAD)

The measured weight of a motor vehicle plus the maximum allowable carrying
capacity in merchandise, freight, and/or passengers as determined by the
Commissioner of the LTO.
Highways. Every public thoroughfare, public boulevard,
driveway, avenue, park, alley, and callejon, but shall not include
roadway upon grounds owned by private persons, colleges,
universities, or other similar institutions.
Parking or Parked - Shall mean
that a motor vehicle is parked or Tourist - A foreigner
parking if it has been brought to a
stop on the shoulder or proper edge who travels from
of a highway, and remains inactive place to place for
in place or close thereto for span of
time.
pleasure or culture.
 Selected Provisions of R.A 4136:

Exceeding Registered Capacity (Overloading, Sec. 33, RA

4136)

Passengers, freight, or cargo load of a motor vehicle should not

be more than its registered carrying capacity. All registered
passenger automobiles for hire are required to have the
registered passenger capacity marked plainly and conspicuously
on the sides of the vehicle, with letters and numbers not less than
5 cm in height.
Cargo Carrying Devices
Riding on Running
The construction of a device Board
for carrying cargo at the rear
or sides of trucks may be
It is strictly
allowed, subject to the
prohibited except for
approval of the
conductors collecting
Commissioner, but must not
passengers’ fares.
exceed 100 kgs.
Riding on Top of Motor Vehicle

Passengers shall not be allowed to ride on top

of motor vehicles, but baggage or freight may be
carried on top of the truck, provided that the
weight thereof is not more than 20 kilos per
square meter and distributed in such a way as not
to endanger passengers or the vehicle’s stability.
Required Motor Vehicle Accessories

Every motor vehicle when operated in a traffic way should have the
following specified accessories:

Tires
Brakes
Horns
Headlights
Taillights
Stop lights
Motorcycles and other vehicle
lights
Park lights
Windshield wipers
Use of red flag
Mufflers
Hitching on to a Vehicle – The following practices are prohibited:
➢ Hanging on to or riding on the outside or rear end of any vehicle.

➢ Holding on to any moving vehicle whether on foot or otherwise.

➢ Driver allowing any person to hang on to or ride outside of or at the

rear end of the vehicle.
❑ Driving While Under the Influence of Liquor or Other
Prohibited Drugs

❑ Obstruction of Traffic - By operating a motor vehicle in

such a manner as to obstruct, block or impede the
passage of another vehicle is prohibited. Applies even
when loading or unloading passengers.
Duties of a Driver in case of Accident – In the event that any
accident should occur as a result of the operation of a motor
vehicle upon a highway, the driver should observe the
following:

1.Stop immediately
2.Show your driver’s license to the inspecting traffic law
enforcer
3.Give your true name and address, including that of the
owner of the vehicle
4.Assist injured persons
5.Take measures to protect the belongings of passengers
6.Report the accident
When can a driver leave the area of the incident
without being liable for a Hit-and-Run?

1.His life is in immediate danger of being harmed

by another person by reason of the accident;
2.He surrenders to the proper authority;
3.He summons the assistance of a physician or
nurse to aid the victim;
WELCOME BACK!
Registration of Motor Vehicles

According to R.A 4136, all motor vehicles shall be

registered by its owner before the district and regional
offices of the Land Transportation Office.
CLASSIFICATION OF REGISTERED MOTOR VEHICLES:

❑ Private (Not for Hire) – These motor vehicles are used for
the personal use of their owners.

❑ Public utility Vehicles (PUV/For Hire) – These are

registered primarily for the conveyance of passengers and
commercial goods. (e.g. passenger jeepneys, taxis, vans,
etc.)
Government – These are motor vehicles owned by the
government and are FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY.
Diplomat – These are issued to foreign diplomats
and consuls assigned in the Philippines.
PLATE NUMBER

Upon registration, motor vehicles

are assigned plate numbers.
Letter and numerical prefixes as
well as assigned colors are
based on the date, place of
registration, and purpose of the
motor vehicle. 390X140mm.
Starting in January 2013, the Land Transportation Office
has adapted a new dimension and appearance of plate
numbers, including security features such as holograms
and registration bar codes to replace old series plate
numbers for automobiles with three (3) letters and three
(3) numbers and two (2) letters with four (4) numbers for
motorcycles (1981-2014) such as the following:
Private/Not for Hire

Current mandatory plates are on Black lettering with White

background, with the first letter indicating the place of
registration.

(All plates released from 2013-2016 start with the letter A,

with the region of registration below the alpha-numeric
registration, until reverted back to regional letter
designations based from 1981 in 2017.)
Public Utility Vehicles or for-hire MVs - Black with
yellow background usually begin with either the letter "N"
or "P" or "T" or "U" in NCR.

Government MVs - Red (maroon) with white

background – usually starts with the letter “S.” For the
new series (2014 to present), red symbols on white
background with holograms and bar codes and the
agency/office indicated
Public Utility Vehicles/ For Hire
❑ Diplomatic or other exempted MVs - Blue characters on a
white background plate reserved for diplomats, embassy and
consulate officials, and country ambassadors.

Ambassadors – “1000” on their plates at all times

Diplomatic Corps – “1001” to “9999” on their plates

❑ Electric vehicles - orange plates are used (white symbols on

orange background).
❑ Trailers – These have
Yellow or green plates that
mostly have either "U"
(Private) or "Z" (For Hire) in
the middle of the letter
block.
❑ Motorcycles - Private motorcycles have green
characters on a white background with the letters "MC"
stamped on the upper left-hand corner next to the
registration sticker.

❑ Tricycles – Private has Green characters on a white

background with the letters "MC" stamped on the upper
lefthand corner next to the registration sticker.
How many electric cars are there in the Philippines?

In 2018, there were about 7,000 registered EVs for

local use in the country according to Land
Transportation Office (LTO). The Electric Vehicle
Association of the Philippines (EVAP) forecasts an
annual growth rate of 8-12% that will produce P1. 68 B
($33.6 M) revenue from services and sales of 200,000
units by 2024.
❑ Department of Tourism (DOT) accredited vehicles –
These are usually tour buses and airport taxis which are
issued with plates that look similar to those of private
vehicles but have yellow highlights mixed with the green
color and share the same first letter as current PUVs
plates. A must special sticker indicating that they are DOT-
accredited is placed on the rear windows.

❑ Optional Motor Vehicle Special Plates (OMVSP) - A

project of the LTO since 2004, in the form of a 3-letter 2-
number. e.g. DGD 24
❑ Personalized (Vanity) plates – Anyone desiring to have his
own personalized must consider the following:

a. Uniqueness - the plate does not have a registered duplicate

anywhere else in the Philippines.
b. It should not have the same format as government vehicles.
c. Price – (1) Premium Edition (Ex. 111 ABC)– Php 15,000.00
(2) Select Edition (Ex. DARLIT) – Php 10.000.00
Commemorative plate – These special plate numbers are
issued for specific purposes such as fund-raising for
government projects and programs.
CURRENT DIMENSION, MEDIUM,
AND TYPEFACE OF PLATE
NUMBERS:
❑ Tagalog: plaka which measures 390 x 140 mm

❑ Characters are stamped on an aluminum plate which is

then applied with reflectorized paint.

• SLOGANS – Located at the bottom of the plate, it reflects the

Medium-Term
Development Program (MTDP) Slogan of every President,
from Fidel V. Ramos to Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
o PHILIPPINES 2000 – Fidel V. Ramos
o ANGAT PINOY 2004 – Joseph E. Estrada
o MATATAG NA REPUBLIKA – Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
•COMMON INSCRIPTION:

•PILIPINAS (1981-1995, 2001-2004)

•PHILIPPINES 2000 (1995-2000)
•ANGAT PINOY 2004 (2000-2001)
•PERLAS NG SILANGAN (2001-2002)
6. Until 2004, plates also bore the word "Pilipinas" at the bottom

7. Common Inscription
a. PILIPINAS (the most common inscription; 1981–1995, 2001, 2002–
2003, 2004–present)
b. PHILIPPINES 2000 (1995–2000)
c. ANGAT PINOY 2004 ("Raise Pinoy 2004"; 2000–2001)
d. PERLAS NG SILANGAN ("Pearl of the Orient";2001– 2002)
e. MATATAG NA REPUBLIKA (2003–2013)
•TYPEFACE:

From 1981 to 2013, the typeface or lettering of all plates

by the LTO is based on the Australian License Plate
System. But in February 2018, the government
switched to FESchrift (Fälschungserschwerende
Schrift) sans-serif font style.
PREVIOUS GEOGRAPHICAL ASSIGNEMNT OF PLATE NUMBERS:

• A – Region I and CAR

• B – Region II
• C – Region III
• D – Region IV-A & Region IV-B
• E – Region V
• F – Region VI
• G – Region VII
• H – Region VIII
PREVIOUS GEOGRAPHICAL ASSIGNEMNT OF PLATE NUMBERS:
•J – Region IX (Including Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi)
•K – Region X and Region XIII
•L – Region XI (LMA-LMT Series issued for Region XIII)
•M – Region XII (Including Maguindanao and Cotabato City in
BARMM)
•N – NCR
•P – NCR
•R – Region III (Overflow)
•S – Government
•T – NCR
•U – NCR
•V – Region IV-A & Region IV-B (Overflow)
•W – NCR
•X – NCR (Overflow)
•Y – Region VII (Overflow)
CURRENT GEOGRAPHICAL ASSIGNMENT OF PLATE NUMBERS:
 SCHEDULE OF REGISTRATION:

Registration of motor vehicles should be

done annually which follows the numerical
suffixes on their plate numbers.
Middle digit of plate number - For 3-digit plate numbers
Second to the last digit of plate number – For 4-digit plate numbers
Note: Vehicles may be registered one month in
advance of the weekly deadline.
Letter Prefixes on Plate Numbers – Letters
indicate:
•Place of the initial registration of the motor
vehicle.
•Year of initial registration and approximate year
model of the registered vehicle could be
determined from the order of the letters. The
higher the letters the more recent the motor
vehicle was registered and bought.
 PROTOCOL PLATE NUMBERS:

These are special plates designated for high-ranking officials of the

government as a manifestation of them or their respective positions.
These plates are currently Black D or DD plates reserved for their
use.

1 – President
•2 – Vice President
•3 – Senate President
•4 – Speaker of the House of Representatives
•5 – Chief Justice, Supreme Court
•6 - Cabinet Secretaries
•7 – Senators
•8 – Congressmen (Representatives)
•9 – Associate Justices of the Supreme Court
•10 – Solicitor General, Justices of the Court of Appeals
•11 – Chairman, Commission on Elections (COMELEC)
•12 – Cabinet Undersecretary
•14 – Chief, PNP (C/PNP) and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, AFP
(CSAFP)
•16 – Region Trial Court Judges
•17 – MTC, MCTC, MTCC and Shari’ah Circuit Court Judges
 Driver’s License
A document is issued to a qualified driver who possesses the
statutory qualification as provided, therefore.

● A. Duty to Procure License. Sec. 19 of R.A. 4136 states that no

person shall operate any motor vehicle without first procuring a
license to drive for the current year.
● It should be carried at all times and shall be shown or surrendered
for cause when demanded by a person authorized by RA 4136 to
inspect the same.
● B. Confiscation of Driver’s License.

Sec. 29 of R.A. 4136 mandates that a driver's license may be

confiscated for violations of RA 4136, the rules and regulations issued
by the Commissioner, and of local traffic rules and regulations.

(Temporary Operator's Permit (TOP) – issued receipt When a driver's

license is confiscated for any reason which is good for 72 hours
 Types of Licenses, Procedures and Requirements.

● 1. International Driver’s License.

● Bonafide tourists are allowed to operate motor vehicles during their stay but not beyond 90
days of their sojourn in the Philippines.

● 2. Military Driver’s License.

● Enlisted personnel of the AFP

● l licenses so issued shall bear the words "FOR GOVERNMENT VEHICLES ONLY"
● Military Driver's License does not authorize the holder to operate a privately-owned motor
vehicle
INTERNATIONALS DRIVER’S LICENSE
3. Professional Driver’s License

● is issued to a driver hired or paid for driving or operating a motor

vehicle whether for private use or for hire to the public
● “professional” on the license is red-highlighted

4. Non-Professional Driver’s License

● issued to owners of privately-owned motor vehicles or those, not for

hire or paid for driving

● “Non-professional” is green-highlighted
PROF AND NON-PROF
5. Student Driver’s Permit.

● This kind of document is issued to persons who desire to learn how

to drive.
● A student driver cannot operate a vehicle unless accompanied by
an instructor who may either be a licensed professional or
nonprofessional driver (Sec. 30, R.A. 4136).
 THEN

D. Validity or Expiration of license

1. Student driver’s permit – 12 months or one year

2. Non-Professional and Professional Drivers’ Licenses and,

Conductors’ License – 5 years as per R.A. 10930 and LTO Administrative Order
2016-034.

3. International Driver’s License for Tourists – 90 days but can be renewed

 NOW

● Under RA 10930, which amended the Land Transportation and Traffic Code,
Driver’s license holders WITH NO TRAFFIC VIOLATION on file will get the new
licenses with 10- year validity.

● Motorists with traffic violations will only get licenses with five-year validity upon
renewal.

● STUDENT PERMIT – 1 YEAR FROM THE ISSUE DATE

E. Conductors’ License.
● Conductors of public utility vehicles are also mandated to procure their licenses

from the LTO

G. Drivers’ Examination
All drivers’ license applicants must obtain the passing score as follows:
● 1. The Written Examination. Written examinations will contain questions

concerning proper driving procedures, road rules, and regulations, emergency

procedures, etc..

The number of questions will be as follows:

● a. Non-Professional License - 40 questions
● b. Professional License - 60 question
LICENSES
Examinees will have to pass the written examination with the following marks:
● a. Non-Professional - 30 out of 40 questions

● b. Professional - 45 out of 60 questions

❑ Before each examination, a DRIVING SKILL RATER will provide a 30-minute

lecture about traffic rules and other driver information as a "review" for the
applicants.
● 2. The Road Test.
● The actual road test will be undertaken under the auspices of a "DRIVING
SKILL RATER". This actual road test will have to be scheduled in advance and
the applicant will have to provide the vehicle in which the road test will be
conducted. The applicant should make sure that the vehicle to be used is in
proper working condition and is currently registered.

● The applicant will be credited with a score of 100 points at the start of the road
test. Each infraction or unsatisfactory performance will be listed down on a
ROAD TEST SCORE SHEET and the corresponding deductions
G. Mandatory Drug Test.
● It is mandatory for all driver’s license applicants except for student driver’s
permits to pass a drug test conducted by duly LTO accredited drug testing
centers. (Repealed by RA 10586)

H. Drivers’ Condition.
The conditions for a driver’s license holder while operating a motor vehicle are
indicated as follows:
● 1. A - wear eyeglasses

● 2. B - drive only with special equipment for upper limbs

● 3. C - drive only with special equipment for lower limbs

● 4. D - daylight driving only

● 5. E - accompanied by a person with normal hearing

UPPER
LIMBS
 R.A 10916 – Road Speed Limiter Act of 2016 (An Act Requiring the
Mandatory
Installation of Speed Limiter in Public Utility and Certain Types of
Vehicles) Covered Vehicles:
• Closed Van
• Hauler/Cargo Trailer
• PUV’s
• Shuttle Service
• Tanker Trucks
• Other vehicles determined and included by DOTr
MAXIMUM
ALLOWABLE
SPEEDS – in
accordance
with the RA
4136
 EXCEPTIONS TO THE SPEED LIMIT

• physician or his driver when the former responds to emergency

calls.
• The driver of a hospital ambulance on the way to and from the
place of accident or another emergency.
• Any driver bringing a wounded or sick person for emergency
treatment to a hospital, clinic, or any other similar place.
The driver of a motor vehicle belonging to the Armed Forces while in use for official
purposes in times of riot, insurrection or invasion
 • The driver of a vehicle, when he or his passengers are in pursuit
of a criminal.
• A law-enforcement officer who is trying to overtake a violator of
traffic laws.
The driver officially operating a motor vehicle of any fire department, provided that
exemption shall not be construed to allow unless or unnecessary fast driving of
drivers aforementioned
 ➢ LATERAL PLACEMENT

It is the proper positioning of the motor vehicle while

traversing on a traffic way or while parked

every person operating a motor vehicle or an animal-drawn vehicle

on a highway shall pass to the right when meeting persons or
vehicles going the same direction

Pedestrians, they should walk on side streets to the left facing the
oncoming traffic.
Proper positioning while traversing
Proper placement while parked diagonally
 OVERTAKING AND PASSING

Before overtaking another vehicle, the

driver must look at both side mirrors of
any vehicle behind attempts to do the
same. When clear or vehicles behind,
he must put his signal light to the left
before overtaking. The driver should
pass at a safe distance to the left of the
vehicle being overtaken, and shall
resume driving on the right side of the
road with the signals light turned on to
the right during passing clear of the
overtaken vehicle.
❑ EXCEPTION – On highways with two (2)
or more lanes where traffic goes in one
direction, another vehicle may be
overtaken on the right

● Vehicle 1 can use the right lane (outer) in

overtaking and passing vehicle 2

● Vehicle 5 attempting to overtake vehicle 4

using the shouldering of the road is not only a
violation but also a dangerous maneuver
because hitting something beyond the
shoulder is a possibility.
The driver of the vehicle to be overtaken must
give way to the overtaking vehicle and must NOT
INCREASE the SPEED/ MATCH SPEED of the
overtaking vehicle.
RESTRICTIONS IN OVERTAKING AND
PASSING
● To the left side of the center line of a highway in overtaking or passing another vehicle
proceeding in the same direction, unless such left side is clearly visible, and is free of oncoming
traffic for a sufficient distance ahead to permit such overtaking or passing to be made in safety.

● When approaching the crest of a grade, not upon a curve in the highway, where the driver's
view along the highway is obstructed within a distance of five hundred feet ahead, except on a
highway having two or more lanes for movement of traffic in one direction where the driver of a
vehicle may overtake or pass another vehicle.
● At any railway grade crossing, not at any intersection of highways unless such
intersection or crossing is controlled by a traffic signal, or unless permitted to
do so by a watchman or a peace officer.

● Between any points indicated by the placing of official temporary warning or

caution signs indicating that men are working on the highway.

● In any “No passing or overtaking zone”.

 ➢ RIGHT OF WAY

● This principle refers to the legal and customary precedence

(priority in place or time) which allows a vehicle to cross or
pass in front of another.
 Rules on Right of Way:

1. In case of two vehicles

approaching or entering an
intersection at the same time,
the driver of the vehicle on the
left shall yield the right of way;
however, the driver of any
vehicle traveling at an unlawful
speed forfeits this right (Sec. 42-
A, RA 4136)
● In case of a vehicle on a highway within a
business or residential district shall yield the
right of way to a pedestrian crossing such
highway within a crosswalk, except at
intersections where the movement of traffic
is being regulated by a peace officer or by a
traffic signal

If there is no crosswalk, pedestrians shall yield

the right of way to vehicles on the highways. If
there is, then the vehicle must give way to
crossing pedestrians on the crosswalk.
The driver of a vehicle upon a
highway shall bring to a full stop
the such vehicle before traversing
any "through highway" or railroad
crossing: Provided, That when it is
apparent that no hazard exists, the
vehicle may be slowed down to
five miles per hour instead of
bringing it to a full stop.
 Exceptions to the Right of Way Rule (Sec. 43, RA 4136) – The Right of Way Rule does not apply in the
following conditions:

● a) The driver of a vehicle entering a highway from a private road or driving

shall yield the right of way to all vehicles approaching on such highway.

● b) The driver of a vehicle upon a highway shall yield the right of way to police
or fire department vehicles and ambulances when such vehicles are operated
on official business and the drivers thereof sound an audible signal of their
approach.

● c) The driver of a vehicle entering a "through highway" or a "stop intersection"

shall yield the right of way to all vehicles approaching in either direction on
such "through highway”
 STARTING, STOPPING OR TURNING RULES
● The driver shall first see that such movement can be made safely and if any
pedestrian is affected by such movement, he shall give a clearly audible signal
by sounding the vehicle’s horn.

• When other motorists are affected (Sec. 44-A, RA 4136)

• Use of hand signal – The required signal shall be given by means of

extending the hand or arm beyond the left side of the vehicle or by an
approved mechanical or electrical signal device (Sec 44-B, RA 4136)
➢ MAKING A RIGHT TURN – Here are the rules to be followed when
turning right:

• Signal your intention to turn right (100ft)

• Stay on the right lane of the road

• NEVER make a right turn from the left lane

• At an intersection with a red traffic light make a right turn ONLY after
coming to a full stop to make sure that no vehicle is coming from the left.

• If there is a sign prohibiting a right turn unless the light is Green, DO NOT
TURN RIGHT WHEN THE RED LIGHT IS ON.
➢ MAKING A LEFT TURN - Here are the rules to be followed when
turning left:

• Signal your intention to turn left (100ft)

• Stay on the left lane of the road
• NEVER make a left turn from the right lane
• At an intersection with a traffic light, VEHICLES GOING STRAIGHT HAVE
THE RIGHT OF WAY. Wait for them to pass first before you turn left.
• At an intersection with a traffic light, make a left turn only when the green
light is on or when there is a left turn signal light.
MAKING A U-TURN
ON A TWO-LANE
ROAD

● Make a right turn signal at least

100 ft before you start moving
to the right side of the road.

● Once all incoming traffic has

passed you, initiate your U-turn.
 MAKING A U-TURN ON A FOUR LANE HIGHWAY

• Stay as close to the

right side as possible.
 PEDESTRIAN RIGHTS AND DUTIES

● Pedestrians have the right to occupy or pass on

spaces and portions designated as pedestrian
crosswalks. As part of the traffic system,
pedestrians’ fundamental duty is to observe and
obey traffic rules and regulations, same as with
motorists to pedestrians.
 ➢ GENERAL PARKING RULES AND REGULATIONS

• Motor vehicles should only park in designated parking areas allocated for
them.
• A parked vehicle may create an accident, kill someone, or destroy property.
• Before leaving your vehicle, set the handbrakes, put the gear in neutral, and
remove the key.
• If on an inclined road, after setting the handbrakes, put the gear in either 1st
or Reverse gear, whichever is appropriate. This prevents other cars from pushing
your car.
❑ Parking in Cities – In cities or towns, unless
otherwise directed by city/municipal ordinance,
motor vehicles must be parked within 12 inches of
the curb. Further precautions while parking is the
following:
● o Downhill with or
without curb – Turn
wheels to the right o
Uphill curb with curb –
Turn wheels from the
curb (to the left) o Uphill
without a curb – Turn
wheels to curb
Parking Prohibited in Specified Areas – No
●

driver shall park a vehicle, or permit it to stand,

whether attended or unattended, upon a
highway in any of the following places and at
any place where official signs are erected:
o In front of a private driveway
o Within four (4) meters of the driveway entrance to any fire station
o Within an intersection
o Within four (4) meters of a fire hydrant
o Within six (6) meters of the intersection of curb lines
o On a crosswalk
o On the roadway side-by-side of any vehicle parked at the curb or
edge of the highway.
END OF ULO-B