Enclosure 1A to DepEd Order No. _____, s.

2016
School ALANGALANG NATIONAL HIGH Grade 10
SCHOOL Level
Teacher REUFFA G. ORONOS Subject SCIENCE
DAILY Date and Time March 18, 2024 Quarter THIRD
LESSON LOG 10-Carnation-7:45-8:45 A.M.
10-Hydrangea-10:00-11:0 A.M.

I. OBJECTIVES
1. Content Standards The learner demonstrates understanding how the information stored in DNA as
being used to make proteins
2. Performance Standards
3. Learning Explain how protein is made using information from DNA.
Competencies/Objectives (S10LT-IIId-37)
Subtask: Explain processes involved in RNA transcription
II. CONTENT The RNA Transcription
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. TG pages
2. LM pages 278-283
3. MELC Pages 395
4. Other Learning Self-Learning Modules (Module 4: Central Dogma):
Resources/Materials pgs. 16-20
IV. PROCEDURES
A. Review ELICIT (8 minutes)

B. Establishing the purpose of
the Lesson
C. Presenting Example/instance
in the lesson
A. The teacher will ask the learners about their previous lesson on DNA
replication through a game entitled: Stop the Car!
Procedure:
 This is a category game that should be played by a group. Each group
will be given 5 seconds to give an answer. If the group cannot give an
answer, they will be asked a question regarding their previous lessons.
Note: Only one member of the group will answer as a representative.
A printed car will be given to each group, circling while
playing
to give the opportunity to each member to play the game.
Category 1: The four nitrogenous bases of RNA
Answers: Uracil, Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine
Category 2: The four nitrogenous bases of DNA
Answers: Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine
Category 3: The Key Players of DNA replication
Answers: Helicase, Primase, DNA Polymerase, and
ENGAGE (3 minutes)
A. The teacher will share a job opportunity related to ICT learning area on
transcription:
If you enjoy typing and helping others, you might like a career as a
transcriber. Being a transcriber can have a range of benefits, such as
setting your own hours, picking the projects or industries that interest you
the most and learning skills that can help you in various fields. Before you
decide to pursue a career as a transcriber, it's important to understand the
duties, requirements, and skills of this position.

What is a transcriber?

A transcriber is a professional who creates written copy of either video or

audio content. Also called transcriptionists, transcribers convert recorded
or live human speech into text. Transcribers create copy that follows the
conventions of written language, such as grammar rules, and the standards
of their industry.

Salary?

The average salary for a Transcriptionist is ₱22,374.00 per month in

Philippines.
Enclosure 1A to DepEd Order No. _____, s. 2016
D. Discussing concepts and
practicing new skills #1
E. Discussing concepts and
practicing new skills #2
1. Developing mastery
(Leads to formative
assessment)
2. Finding Practical
applications of concepts
and skills in daily living
EXPLORE (20 minutes)
Let us have a short game!
TRANSCRIBE THE HIDDEN MESSAGE
Instructions:
1. The teacher will provide a 90’s Alphabet (code) and its equivalent letter
in the regular alphabet.
2. The learners will be given 3 sets of sentences and decode.
3. This game will be a story about a mother writing her last will to her
children.
4. Each group will share their transcribed messages.
EXPLAIN (10 minutes)
A. The teacher will ask representatives to share their experiences as they were
doing the activity.
Guide questions:
Q1. Why was the activity easier to be done? What makes it harder?
Q2. How does the codes help you?
Q3. Will you consider using the skills in transcribing in the future? Or use
the 90’s alphabet to share a hidden message?
Enclosure 1A to DepEd Order No. _____, s. 2016
3. Generalizing and ELABORATE (25 minutes)
abstractions about the
lesson What is RNA?

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid), unlike the double stranded DNA, is a nucleic acid polymer with
a single strand. It is composed of the four nucleotides adenine, uracil (replaced thymine in
DNA), guanine and cytosine which are represented by their first letter A, U, G, C. (The
only difference with DNA is the Uracil). RNA is the first intermediate in converting the
information from DNA into proteins which is important for proper cellular function. Below
is a short summary of the difference between DNA and RNA.

DNA RNA
Contains the sugar ribose (ribose has
Contains the sugar deoxyribose one more -OH group than
deoxyribose)

Double-stranded molecule Single-stranded molecule

Storing and transferring genetic Acts as a messenger between DNA

information and ribosomes to make proteins.

Uses the bases adenine, thymine, Uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and
cytosine, and guanine guanine

RNA falls into three major categories: Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA
(tRNA) and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA copies the genetic code from the DNA into a
form that can be read and used to make proteins. mRNA transmits genetic information
from the nucleus to the cell’s cytoplasm. rRNA is situated in the cytoplasm of a cell, where
we can find the ribosomes. rRNA leads the translation of mRNA into proteins. tRNA
transfers amino acids to the ribosome that matches each three-nucleotide codon of rRNA.
The amino acids then can be combined and processed to make polypeptides and proteins.

Transcription in protein synthesis is the process where RNA is made from the DNA by
copying the base sequence of the double stranded DNA into a piece of a single stranded
nucleic acid. This transcription process is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA Polymerase.
Transcription of DNA to form RNA takes place in the cell’s nucleus. This process uses
DNA as a model to make an RNA (mRNA) molecule. During transcription, a strand of
mRNA is made that corresponds to a strand of DNA. Just like DNA replication,
transcription also occurs in three major steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.
Enclosure 1A to DepEd Order No. _____, s. 2016
1. Initiation
Initiation is the start of transcription. It transpires when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds
to a specific region of a gene which is called the promoter with the help of proteins called
transcription factors. This signals the DNA double strand to unwind and open so the RNA
polymerase enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases found in one of the DNA strands. With the open
strands, one is considered as the template strand (anti-sense strand) and this will be used to
generate the mRNA. The other is called the non-template strand (sense strand). After
reading the bases, the RNA polymerase enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mRNA
with a complementary sequence of bases.

2. Elongation
Elongation is the adding of nucleotides to the mRNA strand. RNA polymerase reads the
opened DNA strand and forms the mRNA molecule with the use of complementary base
pairs. There is a short time during this process when the newly formed RNA is bound to
the opened DNA. During this process of elongation, an adenine (A) in the DNA binds to
an uracil (U) in the RNA. RNA polymerase does not need a primer during this process. It
simply initiates the mRNA synthesis from the starting point and then moves downstream
reading the anti-sense strand from 3’ to 5’ and generating the mRNA from the 5’ to 3’ end
as it goes. Unlike helicase enzymes in DNA replication, RNA polymerase zips DNA back
up as it goes keeping only 10-20 bases exposed one at a time.
3. Termination
Termination is the last step of the transcription process. This happens when RNA
polymerase enzyme reaches a stop or termination sequence in the gene. When the stop
sequence or stop codon is reached, the enzyme detaches from the gene. The mRNA strand
is now produced, and it detaches from DNA. It carries with it the information encoded in
the gene.
By the end of transcription, the DNA segment is transcribed to form the mRNA molecule.
The template strand shown below with the sequence T-A-C-T-A-G-A-G-C-A-T-T
transcribes to form the mRNA A-U-G-A-U-C-U-C-G-U-A-A.

Remember to take note of the transcription pattern: Thymine to Adenine, Adenine to

Uracil, Cytosine to Guanine, Guanine to Cytosine. Uracil is being synthesized instead of
Thymine as compared during DNA replication.
4. Evaluating Learning
EVALUATE (5 minutes)
Explicitly using SOLO ( from U-M)

Directions: Read the following paragraph and answer the following questions:

Transcription is the first step in gene expression, in which information from a gene is
used to construct a functional product such as a protein. The goal of transcription is to
make an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. For a protein-coding gene, the RNA copy,
or transcript, carries the information needed to build a polypeptide (protein or protein
subunit).

Q1. Observe the diagram of a DNA strand that has been opened for RNA Polymerase to
read. Write the number that corresponds to the mRNA strand created after the
transcription.

1.

2.
Enclosure 1A to DepEd Order No. _____, s. 2016
Q2. As shown in the diagram above, a section of the DNA strand is already
transcribed. Using your knowledge, write the anti-codon/anti-sense of the strand
showing 3’ to 5’ strand.

5. Additional activities for Identify the correct mRNA sequence from the given DNA template sequence.
application and
remediation
1. DNA AC
ATG AGC TGG GGG TAT TAC TTT TAG
Coding T
DNA TG
TAC TCG ACC CCC ATA ATG AAA ATC
Template A

mRNA

2. DNA GC
ATG AGG CGG CAG CTG TTA TGG TGA
Coding G
DNA CG
TAC TCC GCC GTC GAC AAT ACC ACT
Template C

mRNA

3. DNA GT
ATG GGG GCA TAC CGA CCC TTA TAG
Coding G
DNA CA
TAC CCC CGT ATG GCT GGG AAT ATC
Template C

mRNA

4. DNA AG
ATG GGG TTT TTT ATG GTG GGG TAG
Coding A
DNA TC
TAC CCC AAA AAA TAC CAC CCC ATC
Template T

mRNA

5. DNA GA
ATG TGT GAT GCG TAC AAC CCC TAA
Coding G
DNA CT
TAC ACA CTA CGC ATG TTG GGG ATT
Template C

mRNA

V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTIONS
1. No. of learners who earned 80%
in the evaluation
2. No. of learners who require
additional activities for
remediation
3. Did the remedial lessons work?
No. of learners who have caught
up with the lesson
4. No. of learners who continue to
require remediation
5. Which of my teaching strategies Strategies used that work well:
worked well? Why did these ___ Group Collaboration ____ Games ____ Power Point Presentation
works?
Enclosure 1A to DepEd Order No. _____, s. 2016
Answering preliminary activities exercises:
___ Discussion ____ Differentiated Instruction
___ Case Method ____ Role Playing/Drama
___ Think – pair – share (TPS) ____ Discovery Method
___ Re-reading of paragraphs/poems/stories ____ Lecture Method
Why?
___ Complete IMs
___ Availability of Materials
___ Pupil’s eagerness to learn
___ Group member’s cooperation in doing their tasks
6. What difficulties did I encounter
___ Bullying among leaners ___ Equipment (AVR/LCD)
which my principal or supervisor
___ Learner’s behavior/attitude ___ Science/computer/internet lab
can help me solve?
___ Colorful IM’s ___ Additional clerical works
___ Unavailable technology ___ Reading readiness
7. What innovation or localized
materials did I use/discover
which I wish to share with other
teachers?

Prepared by: Noted:

REUFFA G. ORONOS NESTOR ALLAN M. MATUTES

Subject Teacher Science Department Head