Enclosure 1A to DepEd Order No. _____, s.

2016
School ALANGALANG NATIONAL HIGH Grade 10
SCHOOL Level
Teacher REUFFA G. ORONOS Subject SCIENCE
DAILY Date and Time March 19, 2024 Quarter THIRD
LESSON LOG 10-Carnation-7:45-8:45 A.M.
10-Hydrangea-10:00-11:0 A.M.

I. OBJECTIVES
1. Content Standards The learner demonstrates understanding how the information stored in DNA as
being used to make proteins
2. Performance Standards
3. Learning Explain how protein is made using information from DNA.
Competencies/Objectives (S10LT-IIId-37)
Subtask: Explain processes involved in RNA translation
II. CONTENT The RNA Translation
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. TG pages
2. LM pages 278-283
3. MELC Pages 395
4. Other Learning Self-Learning Modules (Module 4: Central Dogma):
Resources/Materials pgs. 20-33
IV. PROCEDURES
A. Review ELICIT (8 minutes)

A. The teacher will ask the learners about their previous lesson on DNA
transcription through a game entitled: Stop the Car!
Procedure:
 This is a game that should be played by a group. Each group will be
given 5 seconds to give an answer. If the group cannot give an answer,
they will be asked a question regarding their previous lessons.
Note: Only one member of the group will answer as a representative.
A printed car will be given to each group, circling while
playing to give the opportunity to each member to play the game.
Item 1:
1. DNA AC
ATG AGC TGG GGG TAT TAC TTT TAG
Coding T
DNA TG
TAC TCG ACC CCC ATA ATG AAA ATC
Template A

mRNA

Item 2:

2. DNA GC
ATG AGG CGG CAG CTG TTA TGG TGA
Coding G
DNA CG
TAC TCC GCC GTC GAC AAT ACC ACT
Template C

mRNA

B. Establishing the purpose of ENGAGE (3 minutes)

the Lesson
A. The teacher will share a video clip of a Korean series entitled, “Crash
Landing on You.”
C. Presenting Example/instance B. The teacher will ask the following:
in the lesson 1. What was the scene all about?
2. What was the language used?
3. Why were you able to understand the language?

D. Discussing concepts and EXPLORE (20 minutes)

practicing new skills #1
Enclosure 1A to DepEd Order No. _____, s. 2016
E. Discussing concepts and Let us have a short game!
practicing new skills #2 TRANSLATE THE SONG AND SING IT!
Instructions:
1. The teacher will provide a song written in English.
2. The learners will translate the song into a waray waray song.
3. After which, they are going to sing the translated song infront.

THE CLIMB
Miley Cyrus

There's always gonna be another mountain

I'm always gonna wanna make it move
Always gonna be an uphill battle
Sometimes I'm gonna have to lose
Ain't about how fast I get there
Ain't about what's waiting on the other side
It's the climb

1. Developing mastery EXPLAIN (10 minutes)

(Leads to formative
assessment) A. The teacher will ask representatives to share their experiences as they were
doing the activity.
Guide questions:
Q1. Why was the activity easier to be done? What makes it harder?
Q2. Why is translating songs/ poems/ and other written pieces important?
Q3. Will you use your skills in translating instructions to a language that
will be understood by the community?

2. Finding Practical ELABORATE (25 minutes)

applications of concepts
and skills in daily living ELABORATE
3. Generalizing and
Translation is the final process of protein synthesis that takes place in the cytoplasm. The
abstractions about the
genetic information of the DNA is used as the origin to form messenger RNA (mRNA) by
lesson the transcription process. The single stranded mRNA then serves as a template during
translation. Ribosomes are the facilitators of the translation process in the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes induce the binding of complimentary transfer RNA (tRNA) anticodon
sequences to the mRNA. The tRNAs contain amino acids linked together by the ribosome.
During translation, the mRNA sequence is decoded to produce a specific amino acid chain
called the polypeptide. Folding of the polypeptide produces an active protein which can
perform important functions within the cell.
Protein Structure. Proteins may generally have globular or fibrous structure depending on
their role in the bodily functions. Globular proteins are spherical, compact, and soluble.
Fibrous proteins are elongated and insoluble. However, these two structure types may
exhibit one or more types of protein structures.

The protein
building
block is the amino acid. Amino acids combine through a dehydration link called a peptide
bond. When several groups of amino acids are joined together, a protein macromolecule is
formed. This is why proteins are considered as polymers of amino acids. Proteins are
typically made of a chain of 20 amino acids. The human body makes any protein it needs
by using a combination of these 20 amino acids. Most amino acids have a structural
template where an alpha carbon is bonded to the following forms:
Enclosure 1A to DepEd Order No. _____, s. 2016
*A hydrogen atom (H)
*A carboxyl group (-COOH)
*An amino group (-NH2)
*A “variable” group

The “variable” group is most responsible for difference as all of them have hydrogen,
carboxyl group, and amino group bonds. Amino acids are linked through dehydration
synthesis peptide bonds are formed. Amino acids linked together by polypeptide bonds
forms a polypeptide chain. When polypeptide chains are twisted, a 3-D shape forms a
protein.

These amino acids are grouped as: essential and non-essential. Non-essential amino acids
are those which the human body is capable of synthesizing, whereas essential amino acids
must be obtained from the diet.
Essential
Amino Acids Symbol Non-Essential
Amino Acids Symbol
histidine His alanine Ala
isoleucine Ile arginine Arg
leucine Leu asparagine Asn
lysine Lys aspartic acid Asp
methionine Met cysteine Cys
phenylalanine Phe glutamic acid Glu
threonine Thr glutamine Gln
tryptophan Trp glycine Gly
valine Val proline Pro
serine Ser
tyrosine Tyr
Since the proteins formed by amino acids are incredibly huge and bulky molecules, it is
very time consuming and difficult to draw out their chemical structure in similar way we
Enclosure 1A to DepEd Order No. _____, s. 2016
draw smaller molecules. The common amino acids that make up proteins are given codes
that represent them as shown in the table above. This makes describing the molecules so
much easier.
Proteins are synthesized in the human body through a process called translation.
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm and involves converting genetic codes into proteins.
Genetic codes are assembled during DNA transcription, where DNA is decoded into RNA.
Cell structures called ribosomes then help transcribe RNA into polypeptide chains that
need to be modified to become functioning proteins.

The key
components
required for
translation are mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, and aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. These four
structures are briefly explained below: (14)
*Ribosome
The ribosome is a complex organelle, present in the cytoplasm, which serves as the site of
action for protein synthesis. It provides the enzymes needed for peptide bond formation.
The nucleotide sequence in mRNA is recognized in triplets, called codons. The ribosome
moves along the single strand mRNA, and when a complimentary codon sequence
belonging to amino acid bearing tRNA bonds with the mRNA, the amino acid is added to
the chain.
The mRNA possesses a stop codon, a sequence of three nucleotides that indicates that
translation is complete. Upon reaching the stop codon, the ribosome ceases translation and
releases the mRNA and newly generated polypeptide.
*Messenger RNA (mRNA)
mRNA is used to convey information from DNA to the ribosome. It is a single strand
molecule, complimentary to the DNA template, and is generated through transcription.
Strands of mRNA are made up of codons, each of which signifies a particular amino acid
to be added to the polypeptide in a certain order. mRNA must interact with ribosomal
RNA (rRNA), the central component of ribosomal machinery that recognizes the start and
stop codons of mRNA, and transfer RNA (tRNA), which provides the amino acid once
bound with a complimentary mRNA codon.
*Transfer RNA (tRNA)
This is a single strand of RNA composed of approximately 80 ribonucleotides. Each tRNA
is read as a ribonucleotide triplet called an anticodon that is complementary to an mRNA
codon. tRNA carry a particular amino acid, which is added to the growing polypeptide
chain if complimentary codons bond.
*Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
These are enzymes that link each amino acid to their corresponding tRNA with the help of
a two-step process. Each amino acid has a unique synthetase and the active site of each
enzyme fits only one specific combination of the amino acid and tRNA. (14)

There are three major steps in translation: initiation, elongation, and termination. These
steps are briefly discussed below: (14)
1. Initiation
After mRNA is formed in the nucleus, it leaves and moves to the cytoplasm where it finds
the ribosome. Small ribosomal subunits then bind to mRNA. The initiator tRNA which is
equipped with the anticodon (UAC) also binds to the start codon (AUG) of the mRNA.
Let us say we have the mRNA codon AUG-UGC-AAG-UCC-GGA-CAG, the tRNA
anticodon would be UAC-ACG-UUC-AGG-CCU-GUC. The resulting large complex
forms a complete ribosome and initiates protein synthesis. Each different tRNA is
covalently linked to a particular amino acid.
2. Elongation
Following initiation, a new tRNA-amino acid complex enters the codon next to the AUG
codon. If the anticodon of the new tRNA matches the mRNA codon, base pairing occurs
and the two amino acids are linked by the ribosome through a peptide bond.
If the anticodon does not match the codon, base pairing cannot happen and the tRNA is
rejected. Then, the ribosome moves one codon forward making space for a new tRNA-
amino acid complex to enter. This process is repeated several times until the entire
polypeptide has been translated.
3. Termination
As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, it encounters one of the three stop codons for
which there is no corresponding tRNA. Terminator proteins present at the stop codon bind
Enclosure 1A to DepEd Order No. _____, s. 2016
to the ribosome and trigger the release of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain. The
ribosome then disengages from the mRNA. On release from the mRNA, the small and
large subunits of the ribosome dissociate and prepare for the next round of translation. The
polypeptide chains produced during translation undergo some post-translational
modifications, such as folding, before becoming a fully active protein. (14)

Below is a chart of all the mRNA codons and the amino acids they code for. Decoding
codons is a task made simple because of the codon chart. Just start at the center of the chart
for the first letter. Move to the outside next ring for the second letter and finally, find the
final letter among the smallest set of letters in the third ring. Then you can read the amino
acid in that sector.

Figure 11. Codon Chart. (16)

To decode the codon for CAC, find the first letter C in the set of bases at the center of the
circle. Then find the letter A in the second ring, then C in the third ring. There, you will
read the amino acid in this sector as Histidine. Some of these codons are special. AUG is
the start codon which initiates translation by coding for Methionine. And these three are
stop codons: UAA, UAG and UGA. These are the ones that terminate translation.

4. Evaluating Learning
EVALUATE (5 minutes)
Explicitly using SOLO ( from U-M)

Directions: Read the following paragraph and answer the following questions:

In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced
using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino acids.
This sequence is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA. The nucleotides
are considered three at a time. Each such triple results in addition of one specific amino
acid to the protein being generated. The matching from nucleotide triple to amino acid is
called the genetic code. The translation is performed by a large complex of functional
Enclosure 1A to DepEd Order No. _____, s. 2016
RNA and proteins called ribosomes. The entire process is called gene expression.

Q1. Observe the diagram of an mRNA created during transcription. Name one amino acid
synthesized during translation.

Q2. As shown in the diagram above, an mRNA is already translated into amino
acids, name at least two amino acids that code for STOP codon.

5. Additional activities for Complete the data below:

application and
remediation
DNA Triplet Code mRNA tRNA Amino Acid
TAC AUG UAC
AAA
TTT
ATC
TAC
AAA
CTT
CGT
ATC
TAC
CAT
CGT
CAT
ATT
TAC
TGG
ATA
TCG
ATC
TAC
CTT
AAA
ATC
Enclosure 1A to DepEd Order No. _____, s. 2016

V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTIONS
1. No. of learners who earned 80%
in the evaluation
2. No. of learners who require
additional activities for
remediation
3. Did the remedial lessons work?
No. of learners who have caught
up with the lesson
4. No. of learners who continue to
require remediation
5. Which of my teaching strategies Strategies used that work well:
worked well? Why did these ___ Group Collaboration ____ Games ____ Power Point Presentation
works?
Answering preliminary activities exercises:
___ Discussion ____ Differentiated Instruction
___ Case Method ____ Role Playing/Drama
___ Think – pair – share (TPS) ____ Discovery Method
___ Re-reading of paragraphs/poems/stories ____ Lecture Method
Why?
___ Complete IMs
___ Availability of Materials
___ Pupil’s eagerness to learn
___ Group member’s cooperation in doing their tasks
6. What difficulties did I encounter
___ Bullying among leaners ___ Equipment (AVR/LCD)
which my principal or supervisor
___ Learner’s behavior/attitude ___ Science/computer/internet lab
can help me solve?
___ Colorful IM’s ___ Additional clerical works
___ Unavailable technology ___ Reading readiness
7. What innovation or localized
materials did I use/discover
which I wish to share with other
teachers?

Prepared by: Noted:

REUFFA G. ORONOS NESTOR ALLAN M. MATUTES

Subject Teacher Science Department Head