Linear Algebra, Numerical and Complex Analysis (MA11004)

Department of Mathematics
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Tutorial 4, Spring 2024

Topics: Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Hermitian, Skew-hermitian, Unitary matrices.

1. Prove the following statements:

|A|
(a) If λ is an eigenvalue of a non-singular matrix A, then is an eigenvalue of adj A,
λ
where |A| denotes the determinant of the matrix A.
(b) If A and B are two invertible matrices, then AB and BA have same characteristic roots.
(c) If λ is an eigenvalue of algebraic multiplicity r of A, then 0 is an eigenvalue of algebraic
multiplicity r of the matrix A − λIn .
2. Find all the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors of the following matrices:
   
    3 10 5 2 −1 1
−5 2 0 −1
(a) (b) (c) −2 −3 −4 (d) −1 2 −1 .
2 −2 1 0
3 5 7 1 −1 2
3. Find two different 2 × 2 matrices A and B such  that both have the same eigenvalues
1
λ1 = λ2 = 2 and both have the same eigenvector corresponding to 2.
0
   
1 a b
4. Let a + b = c + d. Show that is an eigenvector of and find the eigenvalues.
1 c d
 
−i 3 + 2i −2 − i
5. Show that the matrix A = −3 + 2i 0 3 − 4i  is skew-Hermitian.
2−i −3 − 4i −2i

6. Prove the following statements:

 
cos θ − sin θ
(a) If 0 < θ < π, then A = has no real eigenvalues.
sin θ cos θ
1
(b) If λ is an eigenvalue of an orthogonal matrix, then is also an eigenvalue of it.
λ
7. If A and B are two unitary matrices, show that AB is a unitary matrix.
 
i 2 − 3i 4 + 5i
8. Express the matrix A = 6 + i 0 4 − 5i as the sum of a Hermitian and a skew
−i 2−i 2+i
Hermitian matrix.
 
0 1 + 2i
9. If N = , then show that (I − N )(I + N )−1 is a unitary matrix, where I is
−1 + 2i 0
the identity matrix of order 2.
10. Let A be a n × n unitary matrix and λ be an eigen value of A. Show that |λ| = 1.

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