Unit#5 - Principal Stresses - 1

Subject :- Strength of Materials (SOM)
S.Y. B.Tech. Mechatronics
1
UNIT
5
Mr. Kiran Wakchaure Strength of Materials SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON 2

UNIT STRENGTH OF
MATERIALS
3
UNIT
5 References
• Text Books:
• R K Bansal, “A Textbook of Strength of Materials”, 6th Edition, Laxmi Publications, 2010
• S.S. Rattan “ Strength of Materials” Tata McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2nd Edition (Sixth reprint 2013)
• Ramamurtham - Strength of material - Dhanpat Rai Publication.
• S.S. Bhavikatti, Mechanics of Solids, The New Age International Publishers, 2010
• B.K. Sarkar - Strength of material - Tata McGraw-Hill Education Publication.
• Reference Books:
• Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston and Jr.John T. DeWolf, “Mechanics of Materials”, Tata McGraw-Hill, Sixth
Edition, 2012
• G. H. Ryder- Strength of Materials- 3rd Edition, Macmillan Pub, India
• E.P. Popov - Engineering Mechanics of Solids - Prentice Hall Publication.
• Singer and Pytel - Strength of materials - Harper and row Publication.
• Andrew Pytel & Jaan Kiusalaas, Mechanics of Materials, Second Edition, Publisher, Global Engineering, 2012
• R. C. Hibbeler - Mechanics of Materials - Prentice Hall Publication.

UNIT
5 INTRODUCTION
• The field of strength of materials, also called mechanics of materials, typically refers to
various methods of calculating the stresses and strains in structural members, such as
beams, columns, and shafts.
• The methods employed to predict the response of a structure under loading and its
susceptibility to various failure modes takes into account the properties of the
materials such as its yield strength, ultimate strength, Young's modulus, and Poisson's
ratio.
• In addition, the mechanical element's macroscopic properties (geometric properties)
such as its length, width, thickness, boundary constraints and abrupt changes in
geometry such as holes are considered.
• The theory began with the consideration of the behavior of one and two dimensional
members of structures, whose states of stress can be approximated as two
dimensional, and was then generalized to three dimensions to develop a more
complete theory of the elastic and plastic behavior of materials.
• An important founding pioneer in mechanics of materials was Stephen Timoshenko.

UNIT
5 Introduction
Stress- The internal resisting force developed per unit area.
If the direction of the stress is at right angle (normal/direct) to the area on which it is
developed then it is called as normal stress.
If the direction of the stress is parallel to the area over which it is developed then it is called
as shear stress. But sometimes bars are simultaneously subjected to several kinds of loadings
and it is required to determine the state of stress under these conditions.
6
UNIT
5 Concept of principal planes and stresses -
• Principal Planes- In any strained material there are three mutually perpendicular planes
which carry only direct stresses (tensile OR compressive) and no shear stresses.
• Principal Stresses- The magnitude of direct stresses acting on a principal plane will be
termed as principal stresses.
• Note- 1.The maximum value of direct stress on a principal plane is a major principal
stress and plane is major principal plane.
2.The minimum value of direct stress on a principal plane is a minor principal stress and
plane is minor principal plane
7
UNIT
5 Sign conventions-
1) Normal tensile stress - Positive
2) Normal compressive stress - Negative
3) Positive shear stress- It acts on positive face of the element in the negative direction
of an axis, similarly on negative face of an element it acts in positive direction.
4) Negative shear stress- It acts on a positive face of the element in the positive
direction.
Y
+ve
X
+ve
8
UNIT
5 Concept of normal and shear stresses on an oblique plane-
• From fig, consider a rectangular section ABCD of uniform cross-sectional
area and of unit thickness.
σX = Tensile stress acting in X direction over

face AB and CD
σY = Tensile stress acting in Y direction over
face AD and BC
'τ' = Shear stress acting on rectangular section
ABCD
Now, consider an oblique or inclined section AE which is at an angle of 'θ' with

the normal face of plane AB.
Also concentrate on wedge or triangle ABE, here 6 forces acting over the
triangle ABE.
11
UNIT
• Forces acting on face AB of triangle ABE.

1. Force due to tensile stress σx = σx. AB
2. Force due to shear stress τ = τ. AB
• Forces acting on face AE of triangle ABE
1. Force due to normal stress σn = σn. AE
2. Force due to tangential stress σt = σt. AE
• Forces acting on face BE of triangle ABE
1. Force due to tensile stress σY = σY. BE
2. Force due to shear stress τ = τ. BE
12
UNIT
5 Concept of normal and shear stresses on an oblique plane
Now resolve the above forces along the

oblique section AE and normal to the oblique
section AE.
Let us consider forces acting normal to

the oblique section and we will have
following equation as mentioned here.
σn. AE = σx. AB Cos θ + τ. AB Sin θ + σY. BE Sin θ + τ. BE Cos θ

σn = σx. (AB/AE) Cos θ + τ. (AB/AE) Sin θ + σY. (BE/AE) Sin θ + τ. (BE/AE)
Cos θ
σn = σx. Cos θ Cos θ + τ. Cos θ Sin θ + σY. Sin θ Sin θ + τ. Sin θ Cos θ
13
UNIT
normal stress
𝛔𝐱 + 𝛔𝐲 𝛔𝐱 − 𝛔𝐲
𝛔𝐧 = + cos2θ + τsin2θ
𝟐 𝟐
14
UNIT
Now consider the forces acting along

the oblique section and we will have
following equation as mentioned here
σt. AE = σx. AB Sin θ - τ. AB Cos θ - σY. BE Cos θ + τ. BE Sin θ

σt = σx. (AB/ AE) Sin θ - τ. (AB/ AE) Cos θ - σY. (BE/ AE) Cos θ + τ. (BE/ AE) Sin θ
σt = σx. Cos θ Sin θ - τ. Cos θ Cos θ - σY. Sin θ Cos θ + τ. Sin θ Sin θ
σt = (σx - σY) Sin θ Cos θ - τ. Cos2 θ + τ. Sin2 θ
σt = (σx - σY) Sin θ Cos θ + (- τ ) (Cos2 θ - τ. Sin2 θ)
σt = (σx - σY) Sin θ Cos θ - τ Cos2θ
𝛔𝐱 − 𝛔𝐲
∴ σ𝐭 = sin2θ − 𝛕 × cos2θ
𝟐
15
UNIT
5 Methods to determine stresses on an oblique plane-
1) Analytical method-
2) Graphical method (Mohr's circle)-
1) Analytical method- Cases
a. Member subjected to axial stress (Uniaxial)
b. Member subjected to normal stresses in two mutually perpendicular
directions (Biaxial)
c. Member subjected to shear stresses (pure shear)
d. Member subjected to normal stresses in two mutually perpendicular
direction accompanied by simple shear stresses.
I.) We have normal stress
σ +σ σ −σ
σ = + cos2θ + τsin2θ ........Normal stress
2 2
σt 
σ x  σy 
sin2θ  τ  cos2θ ........Shear stress
2 16
UNIT
5 Principal Stresses
Location of principal plane-
A plane which is subjected with only normal
stresses i.e. tensile stresses or compressive stresses
will be termed as principal planes. Principal planes
will not be subjected with shear stress i.e. there will
be zero shear stress or tangential stress.
σt = 0
But we have,
 σt 
σ x  σy 
sin2θ p  τ  cos2θ p  0
2

σ x  σy 
sin2 θ p  τ  cos2 θ p
2 .....θp = orientation of principal planes on
2τ which principal stresses acts
 tan2 θ p 
σ x  σ y 
18
UNIT
5 Principal Stresses
Magnitude of normal principal stresses-
We have orientation of principal plane given by,
2τ
 tan2θ p 
σ x  σ y  τ
This equation gives two values of 'θ' differing by 900 2θp
and hence two principal planes are mutually σx -σy
perpendicular. From fig. we have
2
cos2θ p 
σx  σy 
and sin2θ p 
τ
.......Put both values in following equation
2R R
∴ We have principal stresses

.....use positive sign for maximum value of σ1
𝛔𝐱 + 𝛔𝐲 𝛔𝐱 − 𝛔𝐲 𝟐
and
𝛔1,2 = ± + 𝛕𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 negative sign for minimum value of σ2
19
UNIT
5 Maximum shear stresses-
Location of maximum shear stresses-
We have ,
 σt 

σx  σy 
sin2θ  τ  cos2θ
2
Taking derivative of above equation w.r.t 'θ' and
equate it to '0'

d
σ t   σ x  σ y cos2θ s  2 τ  sin2θ s  0
dθ
 tan2θ s  
σ x  σ y  .......θ = orientation of the planes of
s
2τ maximum shear stresses
Note- This equation gives two values of 'θs' differ by 900
21
UNIT
5 Maximum shear stresses-
Location of maximum shear stresses-
We have , 2τ tan2θs 
σ x  σy 
 tan2θ p 
σ  σy 
and
2τ
x
1
 tan2θ s     cot2θ p
tan2θ p
But we know that, σx -σy

tan(α  90)  -cotα 2
 2θ s  α  90 2θs
 2θ s  2θ p  90 τ
 θ s  θ p  45
Note- Thus this relation shows that the planes of maximum shear occurs at 450 to
the principal planes.
22
UNIT
5 Maximum shear stresses
Magnitude of maximum shear stresses-
We have , from fig.
τ σx  σ y 
 cos2θ s  and sin2θs  
R 2R σx -σy

Put above two values in following 2
equation 2θs
 σt 

σx  σy 
sin2θ  τ  cos2θ we will get
τ
2
2
 σx  σy 
 σ t max.     τ 2
 2 
In terms of principal stresses we have  σ σ1  σ 2
t max. 
2
23
UNIT  Problem1 - A bar of cross sectional area 850 mm2 is acted upon by
5
axial force of 60 KN applied at each end of the bar. Determine the
normal and shearing stresses on a plane inclined at 300 to the
direction of loading.
P 60 103
Soln- I) Stress developed,σ x    70.5882 N/mm2
A 850
Numerical
II) Stresses on a plane inclined at 300

I.) We have normal stress
σ +σ σ −σ
σ = + cos2θ + τsin2θ
2 2
70.5882 + 0 70.5882 − 0
∴σ = + cos(2 × 60) + 0 × sin(2 × 60)
2 2
∴ σ = 17.647 N/mm . . . . . . . . tensile
II.) Also we have shear stress

σ −σ
∴ σ = sin2θ − τ × cos2θ
2
70.5882 − 0
∴ σ = sin(2 × 60) − 0 × cos(2 × 60)
2
∴ σ = 30.565 N/mm

UNIT  Problem2 - The stresses at a point in a component are 100
5
MPa(tensile) and 50 MPa(compressive). Determine the magnitude
of the normal and shear stresses on a plane inclined at an angle of
250 with tensile stress. Also determine the resultant stress and the
magnitude of the maximum intensity of the shear stress
Soln-
Numerical
I.) We have, normal stress

σ  σy σx  σy
σn  x  cos2 θ  τsin2θ
2 2
100 − 50 100 + 50
∴σ = + cos 2 × 65 + 0 × sin 2 × 65
2 2
∴ σ = −23.21 N/mm . . . . . . . . compressive
II.) Also we have, shear stress
 σt 
σ x  σ y  sin2 θ  τ  cos2 θ
2
 σt 
100  5 0  sin2  65   0  cos2  65 
2
 σ t  57.45 N/mm 2 OR MPa
UNIT  Contd....Problem2 - The stresses at a point in a component are 100
5
MPa(tensile) and 50 MPa(compressive). Determine the magnitude of the
normal and shear stresses on a plane inclined at an angle of 250 with tensile
stress. Also determine the resultant stress and the magnitude of the maximum
intensity of the shear stress
Soln-
Numerical
III.) Resultant stress is given by,

2 2
σR  σn  σt
 σR   23 .21 2  57.45 2
 σ R  61 .96 MPa
IV.) Maximum shear stress is
 σ t max . 
σ x  σy 
2
 σ t max . 
100  50
2
 σ t max .  75 N/mm 2 OR MPa
UNIT  Problem3 - A point in a strained material is subjected to direct stresses of 120
5
stress. Also determine the magnitude of the maximum shear stress and the
inclination of the plane on which normal stress is zero and magnitude of shear
stress at that plane.
Soln- I.)
Numerical
We have, normal stress

σ  σy σx  σy
σn  x  cos2 θ  τsin2θ
2 2
120  65 120  65
σn   cos 2  70  0  sin 2  70
2 2
 σ n  - 43.359 N/mm2 ........compressive
II.) Also we have, shear stress
 σt 
σx  σy 
2
 σt 
120  65  sin2  70   0  cos2  65 
2
 σ t  59.45 N/mm 2 OR MPa
UNIT  Problem3 - A point in a strained material is subjected to direct stresses of 120
5
stress. Also determine the magnitude of the maximum shear stress and the
inclination of the plane on which normal stress is zero and magnitude of shear
stress at that plane.
Numerical
Soln- III.) Maximum shear stress is
 σ t max . 
σ x  σy 
2
 σ t max . 
120  65 
2
 σ t max .  92.5 N/mm 2 OR MPa
IV.) When σ n  0 then θ  ?

 We have, normal stress
σx  σy σx  σy
σn   cos2 θ  τsin2θ
2 2
UNIT
5
120  65 120  65
0   cos 2θ   0  sin 2θ 
2 2
27.5
 cos 2θ   -
92.5
 cos 2θ   - 0.297
 2θ   cos -1 - 0.297 
Numerical
 2θ   107.27
 θ   53.630
 Shear stress at θ  53.630 is
 σt 
σ x  σy 
2
 σt 
120  65  sin2  53.638   0  cos2  53 .638 
2
 σ t  88.31 N/mm 2 OR MPa
30
UNIT  Problem4 - A block 100mm x 50mm x 7.5mm thick is subjected to uniformly
5 distributed stress field as shown in fig. Compute normal and shear stresses
developed along plane BD
Soln- I.) We have, normal stress

25 103
σx   66.667N/mm2
Numerical
50  7.5
and
35 103
σy   46.667N/mm2
100  7.5
II.) Inclination of plane BD

100
tanθ 
50
θ  63.430

UNIT  Contd...Problem4 - A block 100mm x 50mm x 7.5mm thick is
5
subjected to uniformly distributed stress field as shown in fig.
Compute normal and shear stresses developed along plane BD
Soln-
III.) We have, normal stress
Numerical
σx  σy σx  σy
σn   cos2θ  τsin2θ
2 2
 Stresses in plane BD
66.667  46.667 66.667  46.667
 σn   cos 2  63.43  0  sin 2  63.43
2 2
 σ n  50.667 N/mm 2
IV.) Also shear stress is given by
 σt  x
σ  σ y  sin2θ  τ  cos2θ
2
 σt 
66.667  46.667  sin2  63.43   0  cos2  63 .43 
2
 σ t  8 N/mm 2 OR MPa
UNIT  Problem5 - Direct stresses of 160 MPa tensile and 120 compressive exists on
5
two perpendicular planes. The maximum principal stress at the point is 200
N/mm2. What must be the magnitude of shearing stresses on two planes and
what will be the maximum shear stress at the point.
Given: σx = 160 MPa

Numerical
σy = -120 Mpa
σ1 = 200 MPa
Soln-
I.) We have principal stresses
2
σx  σy  σx  σy 
σ 1,2      τ 2
2  2 

UNIT 2
5  σ1      τ 2
2  2 
2
1 60  1 20  1 60  1 20 
 2 00     τ
2
2  2 
 200  20  19600  τ 2
 180  19600  τ 2
Squaring on both sides
 32400  19600  τ 2
 τ  113.137 MPa
II.) Also, maximum shear stress given by
2
 σx  σy 
 σ t max .     τ 2
 2 
2
 160  120 
  113.137 
2
 σ t max .  
 2 
 σ t max.  180MPa
34
UNIT  Problem6 - For the state of stress shown in fig. determine principal
5 stresses, planes and maximum shear stress and planes on which it act.
Given: σx = 48 MPa
σy = -75 Mpa
τ = 14 MPa
Soln-
Numerical
I.) We have principal stresses

2
σ 1,2      τ 2
2  2 
2
48  75  48  75 
 σ1      14  49.57 MPa......M aximum
2
2  2 
2
48  75  48  75 
σ2      14  -76.57 MPa......M inimum
2
2  2 
UNIT  Contd...Problem6 - For the state of stress shown in fig. determine principal
5
stresses, planes and maximum shear stress and planes on which it act.
Soln- II.) Principal planes

2τ
 tan2θ p 
σ x  σ y 
Numerical
2  14
 tan2θ p 
48  75
 tan2θ p  0.227
 θ p1  6.4 0 and θ p 2  6.4  90  96.4 0
III.) Also, maximum shear stress given by
2
 σ  σy 
 σ t max .   x   τ 2
 2 
2
 48  75 
  14 
2
 σ t max .  
 2 
 σ t max.  63.07 MPa
UNIT  Contd...Problem6 - For the state of stress shown in fig. determine principal
5
stresses, planes and maximum shear stress and planes on which it act.
Soln-
OR
III.) Also, maximum shear stress given by
Numerical
 σ  σ2 
 σ t max.   1 
 2 
 49.75  76.57 
 σ t max.     63.07 MPa
 2 
IV.) Planes of maximum shear stress is given by

 θ s1  θ p1  45  6 .4  45  51 .4 0
 θ s 2  θ p 2  45  96 .4  45  141 .4 0

UNIT
5 Shaft subjected to combined bending moment and twisting
moment-
In this the shaft is subjected to resist bending moment 'M' along with twisting moment
'T'. The stresses induced are the combined effect of shear stress(τ) and bending stress
(σ).
Note- The resultant effect of bending moment and twisting moment is called equivalent
torque. Denoted by 'Te'. Mathematically,
Te  M2  T2
39
UNIT
5 Derivation of shaft subjected to combined bending moment
and twisting moment
Consider a shaft of diameter 'd' subjected to bending moment 'M' along with twisting
moment 'T' at a section. Therefore by bending stress formula we have,
M σ

I y
M
σ  y
I
M
σ   R.......1 yR
I
Also from torsional formula we have,
T τ

J R
τ
T  J
R
2 I
T   J  2I
R
TR
 Shear stress( τ )  .......... 2
2I 40
UNIT
5 Derivation of shaft subjected to combined bending
moment and twisting moment-
As'σ' is normal stress and 'τ' is shear stress, the principal stress
is given by
2
σ  
σ
σ      τ2
2 2
Substituting the value from equation 1 and 2,

2 2
MR  MR   TR 
σ     
2I  2I   2I 
MR R
  M 2  T 2
2I 2I
R 
M  M   T  
2 2

2I  
R 
M  M   T   .......... ..  2I  J
2 2

J  
41
UNIT
5 Derivation of shaft subjected to combined bending
moment and twisting moment-
R
M  M   T  
2 2

J  
1 
M  M   T  
2 2

Z p  
1 M 
 σ max. 

M 2  T 2 
Zp 
1 M 
 σ min. 

M 2  T 2 
Zp 
Therefore equivalent bending moment is
M e σ max.

I R
I R
 Me  
R 2I

M  M2  T2 
1

 Me  M  M2  T2
2

42
UNIT
5 Derivation of shaft subjected to combined bending moment
and twisting moment-
Therefore, maximum shear stress is
σ max.  σ min.
τ max. 
2
 τ max. 
M 2
 T2 
Zp
Therefore, equivalent torque is
Te τ max.

J R
M2  T2 J
 Te  
Zp R
 Te  M 2  T 2
Location of principal plane is
2τ T
tan2θ  
σ M
43
UNIT  Problem1 - A solid circular shaft of diameter 100mm is subjected
5
to a bending moment of 12 KN.m and a shear force of 10 KN in
addition to a torque of 10 KN.m at a section. Find the maximum
normal stress and shear stress in the section.
Soln-
Numerical

UNIT  Contd...Problem1 - A solid circular shaft of diameter 100mm is
5
subjected to a bending moment of 12 KN.m and a shear force of 10
KN in addition to a torque of 10 KN.m at a section. Find the
maximum normal stress and shear stress in the section.
Soln-
Numerical

UNIT  Problem2 - Design a solid circular shaft subjected to a bending
5
moment of 20 KN.m and a torque of 12 KN.m at a section. The
maximum normal stress and shear stress in the section are limited
to 150 MPa and 120 MPa respectively.
Soln-
Numerical

UNIT  Contd...Problem2 - Design a solid circular shaft subjected to a
5
bending moment of 20 KN.m and a torque of 12 KN.m at a section.
The maximum normal stress and shear stress in the section are
limited to 150 MPa and 120 MPa respectively.
Soln-

UNIT
5
 Shaft subjected to combined axial force and torsion-
In this the shaft is subjected to resist axial force 'P' along with
twisting moment 'T'. The stresses induced are the combined effect
of direct stress and shear stress.
Numerical
Mathematically, direct stress is

P
σ
A
Also, shear stress bt torsional formula is
T τ

J R
TR
τ 
J
Both the stresses are maximum at outer surface therefore it is a
state of biaxial stress state
48
UNIT
Both the stresses are maximum at outer surface therefore it is a
5
state of biaxial stress state TR
τ
σx =P/A, σy =0 and xy 
J
Therefore, princial stresses are

2
σ  x   x   τxy 
σ σ  2
2 2
Location of principal plane is
2τ
tan2θ1  .............θ2  θ1  900
σ
49
UNIT  Problem1 - A solid circular shaft of diameter 100mm is subjected
5
to an axial compressive force of 600 KN and to the torque that twist
the shaft through an angle of 1.50 in a length of 8m. If G = 80 GPa,
determine principal stresses and maximum shear stress in the shaft.
Given-
Numerical
D  100 mm,
L  8m  8000 mm,
P  600 KN,
G  80GPa  80103 MPa
π
θ  1.50  1.5  0.0262radian
180
To find- σ1 , σ 2 and σ t.max

UNIT  Contd...Problem1 - A solid circular shaft of diameter 100mm is
5
subjected to an axial compressive force of 600 KN and to the torque
that twist the shaft through an angle of 1.50 in a length of 8m. If G =
80 GPa, determine principal stresses and maximum shear stress in
the shaft.
Numerical
Soln-

UNIT
5
 Theories of failure -
In tensile test yield point load can be easily determined but most of the structural
elements are subjected to complex stresses therefore it is difficult to identify the
yielding point. So,theories of failure help us in order to calculate the safe size and
dimensions of a machine component when it will be subjected with combined
stresses developed due to various loads acting on it during its functionality.
Note- In each theory relationship is developed between principal stresses and
failure stresses induced in the material.
 Theories of failure types-
1. Maximum principal stress theory (Rankines theory)
2. Maximum shear stress theory (Guest and Tresca's theory)
3. Maximum principal strain theory (Saint Venant's theory)
4. Maximum strain energy theory
5. Shear strain energy theory
52
UNIT
5 Maximum principal stress theory (Rankines theory)-
According to this theory, “The failure of a material or component will

occur when the maximum value of principal stress developed in the
body exceeds the limiting value of stress”.
From fig. if maximum value of principal stress developed in the body
exceeds the point D, failure will take place.
98
UNIT
5
Maximum principal stress theory (Rankines theory)-
Condition of failure-
Maximum value of principal stress developed in the
body > Failure stress
σ1,2 > σy or σul
Condition for safe design-
Maximum value of principal stress(σ1,2) developed in
the body ≤ Permissible stress or allowable stress(σy) i.e
mathematically
σ1,2 ≤ σy
where,
Permissible stress = Ultimate stress or yield stress /
F.O.S
99
UNIT
5 Maximum principal stress theory (Rankines theory)-
Important points-
1.) Is suitable for securing the safe design of
brittle material as brittle materials are weak in
tension.
2.) Is not suitable for ductile material as shear
failure may take place.
Note- For no shear failure, τ ≤ 0.57σy
3.) Is may be suitable for securing the safe design of machine

component made of ductile material under following three situations.
a) Uniaxial state of stress
b) Biaxial state of stress when principal stresses are like in nature
c) Under hydrostatic stress
100
UNIT
5 Maximum shear stress theory (Guest and Tresca's theory)-
According to this theory, “The failure of a material or component

occurs when the maximum value of shear stress developed in the body
exceeds the limiting value of shear stress”.
From fig. if maximum value of shear stress in the body exceeds
the value of shear stress corressponding to point D, failure will take
place.
101
UNIT
5 Maximum shear stress theory (Guest and Tresca's theory)-
Maximum value of shear stress developed in the body > Shear stress at yield
pointi.i.e τmax > σy/2
σ1-σ2/2 > σy/2
Maximum value of shear stress(τmax) developed in the body ≤ Permissible shear
stress or allowable shear stress(σy) i.e mathematically
τmax ≤ σy/2
σ1-σ2/2 ≤ σy/2, where Permissible stress =yield stress / F.O.S
102
UNIT
5 Maximum principal strain theory (Saint Venant's theory)-
According to this theory, “The failure of a material or component will occur when the
maximum value of principal strain developed in the body exceeds the limiting value of
strain i.e. value of strain corresponding to the yield point of the material”.
Maximum value of principal strain in the body > value of strain corresponding to the
yield point of the material
Ԑ1,2 > σy/E
Ԑ1,2 > ԐY.P
Maximum value of principal strain developed in the body ≤ Permissible strain i.e.
Ԑ1,2 ≤ σY/ E
Permissible strain = Strain corresponding to the yield point of the material / F.O.S
103
UNIT
5 Maximum principal strain theory (Saint Venant's theory)-
The state of plane stress shown occurs at a critical point of a steel machine component. As a
result of several tensile tests, the tensile yield strength is 250 MPa for the grade of steel
used. Determine the factor of safety with respect to yield using (a) the maximum-shearing
stress criterion, (b) the maximum-distortion-energy criterion.
104
UNIT
5
THANK YOU...
107

Unit#5 - Principal Stresses - 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit#5 - Principal Stresses - 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Subject :- Strength of Materials (SOM)

S.Y. B.Tech. Mechatronics

Mr. Kiran Wakchaure Strength of Materials SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON 2

Mr. Kiran Wakchaure Strength of Materials SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON 4

Mr. Kiran Wakchaure Strength of Materials SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON 5

σX = Tensile stress acting in X direction over

Now, consider an oblique or inclined section AE which is at an angle of 'θ' with

• Forces acting on face AB of triangle ABE.

Now resolve the above forces along the

Let us consider forces acting normal to

σn. AE = σx. AB Cos θ + τ. AB Sin θ + σY. BE Sin θ + τ. BE Cos θ

Now consider the forces acting along

σt. AE = σx. AB Sin θ - τ. AB Cos θ - σY. BE Cos θ + τ. BE Sin θ

∴ We have principal stresses

II) Stresses on a plane inclined at 300

II.) Also we have shear stress

Mr. Kiran Wakchaure Strength of Materials SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON 25

I.) We have, normal stress

II.) Also we have, shear stress

III.) Resultant stress is given by,

We have, normal stress

Soln- III.) Maximum shear stress is

IV.) When σ n  0 then θ  ?

Soln- I.) We have, normal stress

II.) Inclination of plane BD

Mr. Kiran Wakchaure Strength of Materials SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON 31

Given: σx = 160 MPa

Mr. Kiran Wakchaure Strength of Materials SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON 33

I.) We have principal stresses

Soln- II.) Principal planes

IV.) Planes of maximum shear stress is given by

Mr. Kiran Wakchaure Strength of Materials SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON 37

Substituting the value from equation 1 and 2,

Mr. Kiran Wakchaure Strength of Materials SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON 44

Mr. Kiran Wakchaure Strength of Materials SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON 45

Mr. Kiran Wakchaure Strength of Materials SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON 46

Mr. Kiran Wakchaure Strength of Materials SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON 47

Mathematically, direct stress is

Therefore, princial stresses are

To find- σ1 , σ 2 and σ t.max

Mr. Kiran Wakchaure Strength of Materials SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON 50

Mr. Kiran Wakchaure Strength of Materials SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOPARGAON 51

According to this theory, “The failure of a material or component will

3.) Is may be suitable for securing the safe design of machine

According to this theory, “The failure of a material or component

You might also like