Unit 5 ch.

3 NEW FEATURES OF ANSI C++ STANDARD

Introduction -: The ANSI C++ standard add several new features to the original c++
specification. Some are added to provide better control in certain situation other are added for
providing convenience to c++ programmers.
The important features are here as like
1 . New data type

 Bool
 wchar_t
2. New Operators

 const_cast
 static_cast
 dynamic_cast
 reinterpret_cast
 typeid
3. class implementation
4. Namespace scope
5. Operator keyword
6.New keywords
7. New headers

New Data type-: The ANSI c++ added two new data type to enhance the range of data types
available in c++. They are BOOL and wchar_t.
The Bool data type– the data type bool has been added to hold boolean value true or false.
The value true and false have been added as keyword to the c++ language. the bool type
variable can be declared as follows as like

The wchar_r data type –: The character data type wchar_t has been defined in ANSI c++ to
hold 16 bit wide character. 16 bit character are used to represent the character set of language
that have more than 255 character.
ANSI c++ also introduce a new character literal known as wide_character literal which use
two bytes of memory. It’s start the letter L as like..
L'xy' //wide character

1
New Operators-: We have used several operator in several program of c++ language.We
know that the cast are used to convert the value from one type to another. This is necessary in
situation where automatic conversion are not possible.
The static_cast operator -: This operator is used for any standard conversion data type . It
can also be used to cast base class pointer into a derived class pointer. For like
static_cast <type>(object)
The const_cast operator-: It is used to explicitly override const or volatile in a cast . it takes
as like
const_cast<type>(object)
The reinterpret_cast operator-: this is used to change one type into a fundamentally different
type for example
reinterpret_cast<type>(object)
The dynamic cast operator-: It is used to type of an object at run-time. Its main application
is to perform cast on polymorphic object. as like
dynamic_cast <type>(object)
The typeid operator -: this operator is use to obtain the types of unknown object such as
their class name at runtime. for example
char *objectType =typeid(object).name();
Class implementation -: C++ add two unusual keywords Explicit and Mutable for use with
class member.
Explicit keyword-: It is use for declare class construction to be “explicit ” constructors.
Mutable keyword-: A class object or a member function may be declared as const thus
making their member data not modifiable.
Namespace scope –: C++ added added a new keyword namespace to define a scope that
could hold global identifiers. Example of in c++ are class , function and templates are
declared with the namespace namespace std.
Defining a namespace-: we can define a namespace in our program. the syntax for defining
a namespace is similar to the syntax as like
namespace namespace_name
{
//declaration
}
Operator keywords -: C++ has several operator keyword. these are the
&& and
!! OR

2
! NOT
!= NOT_EQ
& BITAND
| BITOR
^ XOR
~ COMPL
&= AND_E1
|= OR_EQ
^= XOR_EQ