Staten Island

Staten Island (/ˈstætən/ STAT-ən) is the southernmost borough of

New York City, coextensive with Richmond County and situated Staten Island
at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York. The borough is Eghquaons (Delaware)[1]
separated from the adjacent state of New Jersey by the Arthur Kill Staaten Eylandt (Dutch)[2]
and the Kill Van Kull and from the rest of New York by New York Richmond County, New York
Bay. With a population of 495,747 in the 2020 Census,[6] Staten
Island is the least populated New York City borough but the third Borough and county
largest in land area at 58.5 sq mi (152 km2); it is also the least
densely populated and most suburban borough in the city.

A home to the Lenape indigenous people, the island was settled by

Dutch colonists in the 17th century. It was one of the 12 original
counties of New York state. Staten Island was consolidated with
New York City in 1898. It was formerly known as the Borough of
Richmond until 1975, when its name was changed to Borough of
Staten Island.[7] Staten Island has sometimes been called "the
forgotten borough" by inhabitants who feel neglected by the city
government.[8][9] It has also been referred to as the "borough of
parks" due to its 12,300 acres of protected parkland and over 170
parks.[10][11][12][13]

The North Shore—especially the neighborhoods of St. George,

Tompkinsville, Clifton, and Stapleton—is the island's most urban
area. It contains the designated St. George Historic District and the
St. Paul's Avenue-Stapleton Heights Historic District, which
feature large Victorian houses. The East Shore is home to the 21⁄2-
mile (4-kilometer) FDR Boardwalk, the world's fourth-longest
boardwalk.[14] The South Shore, site of the 17th-century Dutch
and French Huguenot settlement, developed rapidly beginning in
the 1960s and 1970s and is now very suburban. The West Shore is
the island's least populated and most industrial part.

Motor traffic can reach the borough from Brooklyn by the

Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge and from New Jersey by the
Outerbridge Crossing, Goethals Bridge and Bayonne Bridge. Staten
Island has Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) bus lines
and an MTA rapid transit line, the Staten Island Railway, which
runs from the ferry terminal at St. George to Tottenville. Staten
Island is the only borough not connected to the New York City
Subway system. The free Staten Island Ferry connects the borough
to Manhattan across New York Harbor. It provides views of the
Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, and Lower Manhattan.
History

Indigenous Inhabitants / Native Americans

As in much of North America, human habitation appeared on the
island fairly rapidly after the Wisconsin glaciation. Archaeologists
have recovered tool evidence of Clovis culture activity dating from
about 14,000 years ago. This evidence was first discovered in 1917
in the Charleston section of the island. Various Clovis artifacts
have been discovered since then, on property owned by Mobil Oil.

The island was probably abandoned later, possibly because of the

extirpation of large mammals on the island. Evidence of the first
permanent Native American settlements and agriculture are
thought to date from about 5,000 years ago,[15] although early
archaic habitation evidence has been found in multiple locations on
the island.[16]

Rossville points are distinct arrowheads that define a Native

American cultural period from the Archaic period to the Early
Woodland period, dating from about 1500 to 100 BC. They are
named for the Rossville section of Staten Island, where they were
first found near the old Rossville Post Office building.[17] The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge from Fort
Wadsworth
At the time of European contact, the island was inhabited by the
Raritan band of the Unami division of the Lenape. In Lenape, one
of the Algonquian languages, Staten Island was called Aquehonga
Manacknong, meaning "as far as the place of the bad woods", or
Eghquhous, meaning "the bad woods".[18] The name is spelled as
Eghquaons in the deed to Lubbertus van Dincklage for the St. George Theater Staten Island Ferry

purchase of Staten Island, 1657. [1] The area was part of the
Lenape homeland known as Lenapehoking. The Lenape were later
called the "Delaware" by the English colonists because they
inhabited both shores of what the English named the Delaware Main hall of Historic FDR Boardwalk
River. Sailors' Snug Richmond Town
Harbor
The island was laced with Native American foot trails, one of
which followed the south side of the ridge near the course of
present-day Richmond Road and Amboy Road. The Lenape did not
live in fixed encampments but moved seasonally, using slash and
burn agriculture. Shellfish was a staple of their diet, including the Flag Seal
Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) abundant in the waterways
throughout the present-day New York City region. Evidence of
their habitation can still be seen in shell middens along the shore in
the Tottenville section, where oyster shells larger than 12 inches
(300 mm) are sometimes found.

Burial Ridge, a Lenape burial ground on a bluff overlooking

Raritan Bay in Tottenville, is the largest pre-European burial
ground in New York City. Bodies have been reported unearthed at
Burial Ridge from 1858 onward. After conducting independent
research, which included unearthing bodies interred at the site,
ethnologist and archaeologist George H. Pepper was contracted in
1895 to conduct paid archaeological research at Burial Ridge by
the American Museum of Natural History. The burial ground today
is unmarked and lies within Conference House Park.

Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
European settlement Interactive map outlining Staten Island
The first recorded European contact on the island was in 1524 by
Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano who sailed through The
Narrows on the ship La Dauphine and anchored for one night.

The Dutch did not establish a permanent settlement on Staaten

Eylandt for many decades. Its name derived from the Staten
Generaal, the parliament of the Republic of the Seven United
Netherlands. From 1639 to 1655, Cornelis Melyn and David de
Vries made three separate attempts to establish one there, but each
time the settlement was destroyed in conflicts between the Dutch Location within the state of New York
and the local tribe.[2] In 1661, the first permanent Dutch settlement Coordinates: 40°34′19″N 74°8′49″W
was established at Oude Dorp (Dutch for "Old Village") by a small
Country United States
group of Dutch, Walloon, and French Huguenot families,[19] just
State New York
south of the Narrows near South Beach. Many French Huguenots
County Richmond (coterminous)
had gone to the Netherlands as refugees from the religious wars in City New York
France, suffering persecution for their Protestant faith, and some
Settled 1661
joined the emigration to New Netherland. At one point nearly a
Named for States General of the
third of the residents of the Island spoke French.[20] The last
Netherlands (Staten Island)
vestige of Oude Dorp is the name of the present-day neighborhood
Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of
of Old Town adjacent to Old Town Road.[21] Richmond (Richmond
County)
Staten Island was not spared the bloodshed that culminated in
Government
Kieft's War. In the summer of 1641 and in 1642, Native American
• Type Borough
tribes laid waste to Old Town.[22] • Borough Vito Fossella (R)
president — (Borough of Staten Island)
On July 10 1657, the Native Americans signed a deed to Lubbertus • District Michael McMahon (D)
van Dincklage, attorney of Henrick van der Capelle tho Ryssel, for Attorney — (Richmond County)
the purchase of all indigenous lands on Staten Island.[1] However, Area
this deed was annulled when the Dutch purchasers failed to deliver • Total 102.5 sq mi (265 km2)
the promised goods for the land a few months later.[23] • Land 58.5 sq mi (152 km2)
• Water 44 sq mi (110 km2) 43%

Richmond County Dimensions

• Length 13.7 mi (22.0 km)
At the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1667, the Dutch
• Width 8.0 mi (12.9 km)
ceded New Netherland to England in the Treaty of Breda, and the
Highest elevation 400 � (100 m)
Dutch Staaten Eylandt, anglicized as "Staten Island", became part
of the new English colony of New York. Population (2020)[4]
• Total 495,747
In 1670, the Native Americans ceded all claims to Staten Island to • Density 8,618.3/sq mi (3,327.5/km2)
the English in a deed to Governor Francis Lovelace. In 1671, in • Demonym Staten Islander[3]
order to encourage an expansion of the Dutch settlements, the GDP[5]
English resurveyed Oude Dorp (which became known as 'Old • Total US$17.539 billion (2022)
Town') and expanded the lots along the shore to the south. These
Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern Standard
lots were settled primarily by Dutch families and became known as Time)
Nieuwe Dorp (meaning 'New Village'), which later became • Summer (DST) UTC−4 (Eastern Daylight
anglicized as New Dorp. Time)
ZIP Code pre�ix 103
Captain Christopher Billopp, after years of distinguished service in
Area code 718/347/929, 917
the Royal Navy, came to America in 1674 along with the newly
appointed royal governor of New York and the Jerseys Sir Edmund Website www.statenislandusa.com (ht
tp://www.statenislandusa.co
Andros, in charge of a company of infantry.[24] The following year, m)
he settled on Staten Island, where he was granted a patent for 932
acres (3.8 km2) of land. According to one version of an oft-repeated but
apocryphal tale,[25] Captain Billopp's seamanship secured Staten Island to New
York, rather than to New Jersey: the island would belong to New York if the
captain could circumnavigate it in one day, which he did. This story is most likely
untrue, due to conflicting information on the time Christopher Billopp took to
complete the race and whether he received a personal prize or not. Mayor
Michael Bloomberg perpetuated the myth by referring to it at a news conference
in Brooklyn on February 20, 2007.[25] Reliable historical documentation of the
event is extremely sparse, however, and most historians conclude that it is entirely
Skeletons unearthed at Lenape burial
apocryphal. In 2007, The New York Times addressed the issue in a news article, ground in Staten Island, the largest
which concluded that this event was heavily embellished over the years and pre-European burial ground in New
almost certainly originated in local folklore.[25] YouTuber CGP Grey addressed York City
the story of the Staten Island race and its historical discrepancies in a 2019 video,
[26] in which he concluded that Gabriel Disosway, a local chronicler in Staten

Island, was responsible for originating the legend in the mid-1800s.[27]

In 1683, the colony of New York was divided into ten counties. As part of this
process, Staten Island, as well as several minor neighboring islands, was
designated as Richmond County. The name derives from the title of Charles
Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, an illegitimate son of King Charles II.

In 1687 and 1688, the English divided the island into four administrative
divisions based on natural features: the 5,100-acre (21 km2) manorial estate of Voorlezer's House
colonial governor Thomas Dongan in the northeastern hills known as the
"Lordship or Manor of Cassiltown", along with the North, South, and West
divisions. These divisions later evolved into the four towns of Castleton, Northfield, Southfield, and Westfield. In 1698,
the population was 727.[28]

The government granted land patents in rectangular blocks of 80 acres (320,000 m2), with the most desirable lands along
the coastline and inland waterways. By 1708, the entire island had been divided up in this fashion, creating 166 small
farms and two large manorial estates, the Dongan estate and a 1,600 acres (6.5 km2) parcel on the southwestern tip of the
island belonging to Christopher Billopp.[15]

The first county seat was established in New Dorp in what was called Stony Brook at the time.[29] In 1729, the county
seat was moved to the village of Richmond Town, located at the headwaters of the Fresh Kills near the center of the
island. By 1771, the island's population had grown to 2,847.[28]

18th century and the American Revolution

Staten Islanders were solidly supportive of the Crown, and the island played a
significant role in the American Revolutionary War. General George Washington
once called Islanders "our most inveterate enemies".[30]

As support of independence spread throughout the colonies, residents of the

island were so uninterested that no representatives were sent to the First Billiou–Stillwell–Perine House
Continental Congress, the only county in New York to not send anyone. This had
economic repercussions in the months up through 1776, where New Jersey towns such as
Elizabethport, Woodbridge, and Dover instituted boycotts on doing business with
islanders.[31]

On March 17, 1776, the British forces under Sir William Howe evacuated Boston and
sailed for Halifax, Nova Scotia. From Halifax, Howe prepared to attack New York City,
which then consisted entirely of the southern end of Manhattan Island. General George
Washington led the entire Continental Army to New York City in anticipation of the
British attack. Howe used the strategic location of Staten Island as a staging ground for
the invasion.

Over 140 British ships arrived over the summer of 1776 and anchored off the shores of
Staten Island at the entrance to New York Harbor. The British soldiers and Hessian Sir William Howe established
mercenaries numbered about 30,000. Howe established his headquarters in New Dorp at his headquarters at the Rose
the Rose and Crown Tavern, near the junction of present New Dorp Lane and Richmond and Crown Tavern at New
Road. There the representatives of the British government reportedly received their first Dorp Lane and Richmond
Road prior to the invasions of
notification of the Declaration of Independence.
Long Island and Manhattan.
In August 1776, the British forces crossed the Narrows to Brooklyn and outflanked the
American forces at the Battle of Long Island, resulting in the British control of the harbor and the capture of New York
City shortly afterwards. Three weeks later, on September 11, 1776, Sir William's brother, Lord Howe, received a
delegation of Americans consisting of Benjamin Franklin, Edward Rutledge, and John Adams at the Conference House
on the southwestern tip of the island on the former estate of Christopher Billopp. The Americans refused a peace offer
from Howe in exchange for withdrawing the Declaration of Independence, and the conference ended without an
agreement.

On August 22, 1777, the Battle of Staten Island occurred between the British
forces and several companies of the 2nd Canadian Regiment fighting alongside
other American companies. The battle was inconclusive, though both sides
surrendered over a hundred troops as prisoners. The Americans finally withdrew.

In early 1780, while the Kill Van Kull was frozen over, Lord Stirling led an
unsuccessful Patriot raid from New Jersey on the western shore of Staten Island.
It was repulsed in part by troops led by British Commander Francis Rawdon-
Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings.
The Conference House
In June 1780, Wilhelm von Knyphausen, commander of Britain's Hessian
auxiliaries, led many raids and a full assault into New Jersey from Staten Island
with the aim of defeating George Washington and the Continental Army. Although the raids were successful in the
Newark and Elizabeth areas, the advance was halted at Connecticut Farms (Union) and the Battle of Springfield.[32]

British forces remained on Staten Island for the remainder of the war. Most Patriots fled after the British occupation, and
the sentiment of those who remained was predominantly Loyalist. Even so, the islanders found the demands of
supporting the troops to be heavy. The British army kept headquarters in neighborhoods such as Bulls Head. Many
buildings and churches were destroyed for their materials, and the military's demand for resources resulted in an
extensive deforestation by the end of the war. The British army again used the island as a staging ground for its final
evacuation of New York City on December 5, 1783. After their departure, many Loyalist landowners, such as
Christopher Billop, the family of Canadian historian Peter Fisher, John Dunn, who founded St. Andrews, New
Brunswick, and Abraham Jones, fled to Canada, and their estates were subdivided and sold.

Staten Island was occupied by the British longer than any single part of the Thirteen Colonies.[33]

19th century
On July 4, 1827, the end of slavery in New York state was celebrated at Swan
Hotel, in the West Brighton neighborhood. Rooms at the hotel were reserved
months in advance as local abolitionists, including prominent free blacks,
prepared for the festivities. Speeches, pageants, picnics, and fireworks marked the
celebration, which lasted for two days.

In the early 19th century, New Jersey and New York disputed the location of their
maritime boundary. The original charters were of no help because they were
worded ambiguously. New York argued that the eastern edge of New Jersey was
Historic Richmond Town museum
located at the Hudson River's shoreline during high tide, which would give New
complex is located in the heart of
York control of all the docks and wharves on the Hudson River. New Jersey Staten Island.
argued that the maritime boundary should be down the middle of the Hudson
River and then continue out to the Atlantic Ocean, which would give New Jersey
control of the docks and wharves as well as Staten Island. Vice President Martin Van Buren negotiated a compromise
that established the maritime boundary in the middle of the Hudson River and gave Staten Island to New York. Ellis
Island and Bedloe's Island, both uninhabited at the time, also became controlled by New Jersey.[34]

From 1800 to 1858, Staten Island was the location of the largest quarantine facility in the United States. Angry residents
burned down the hospital compound in 1858 in a series of attacks known as the Staten Island Quarantine War.[35]

In 1860, parts of Castleton and Southfield were made into a new town, Middletown. The Village of New Brighton in the
town of Castleton was incorporated in 1866, and in 1872 the Village of New Brighton annexed all the remainder of the
Town of Castleton and became coterminous with the town.

An 1887 movement to incorporate Staten Island as a city ended up resulting in nothing.[36]

Consolidation with New York City

The towns of Staten Island were dissolved in 1898 with the consolidation of the City of Greater New York, as Richmond
County became one of the five boroughs of the expanded city. Although consolidated into the City of Greater New York
in 1898, the county sheriff of Staten Island maintained control of the jail system, unlike the other boroughs, which had
gradually transferred control of the jails to the Department of Correction. The jail system was not transferred until
January 1, 1942. Staten Island is the only borough without a New York City Department of Correction major detention
center.

The construction of the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, along with the other three
major Staten Island bridges, created a new way for commuters and tourists to
travel from New Jersey to Brooklyn, Manhattan, and areas farther east on Long
Island. The network of highways running between the bridges has effectively
carved up many of Staten Island's old neighborhoods. The bridge opened many
areas of the borough to residential and commercial development from the 1960s
onward, especially in the central and southern parts of the borough, which had New housing on Staten Island, 1973.
been largely undeveloped. Staten Island's population doubled from 221,991 in Photo by Arthur Tress.
1960 to 443,728 in 2000.[37] Nevertheless, Staten Island remained less developed
than the rest of the city. A New York Times article in 1972 stated that despite the
borough having 333,000 residents, parts of the island still maintained a bucolic
atmosphere with woods and marshes.[38]

Throughout the 1980s, a movement to secede from the city steadily grew in
popularity, notably championed by longtime New York state senator and former
Republican Party mayoral nominee John J. Marchi. The campaign reached its
peak during the mayoral term of David Dinkins (1990–1993), after the U.S.
Supreme Court invalidated the New York City Board of Estimate, which had US Navy ships tied up at the home
given equal representation to the five boroughs. Dinkins and the city government port pier during Fleet Week in 2007

opposed a non-binding secession referendum, contending that the vote should not
be permitted by the state unless the city issued a home rule message supporting it, which the city would not. Governor
Mario Cuomo disagreed, and the vote went forward in 1993. Ultimately, 65% of Staten island residents voted to secede
through the approval of a new city charter making Staten Island an independent city, but implementation was blocked in
the State Assembly.[39][40]

In the 1980s, the United States Navy had a base on Staten Island called Naval Station New York. It had two sections: a
Strategic Homeport in Stapleton and a larger section near Fort Wadsworth, where the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge enters
the island. The base was closed in 1994 through the Base Realignment and Closure process because of its small size and
the expense of basing personnel there.

Fresh Kills and its tributaries are part of the largest tidal wetland ecosystem in the
region. Its creeks and wetlands have been designated a Significant Coastal Fish
and Wildlife Habitat by the New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation. Opened along Fresh Kills as a "temporary landfill" in 1947, the
Fresh Kills Landfill was a repository of trash for the city of New York. The
landfill, once the world's largest man-made structure,[41] was closed in 2001,[42]
but it was briefly reopened for the debris from Ground Zero following the
September 11 attacks in 2001. It is being converted into a park almost three times
the size of Central Park and the largest park to be developed in New York City in
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge from the
over 100 years.[43] Plans for the park include a bird-nesting island, public roads, South Beach on Staten Island.
boardwalks, soccer and baseball fields, bridle paths, and a 5,000-seat stadium.[44]
Today, freshwater and tidal wetlands, fields, birch thickets, and a coastal oak
maritime forest, as well as areas dominated by non-native plant species, are all within the boundaries of Fresh Kills.
 Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge connecting the eastern portion of the island to Brooklyn

Geology
During the Paleozoic Era, the tectonic
plate containing the continent of Laurentia
and the plate containing the continent of
Gondwanaland were converging, the
Iapetus Ocean that separated the two
continents gradually closed, and the
resulting collision between the plates
formed the Appalachian Mountains.
During the early stages of this mountain
Serpentinite shown in rock cut along
building known as the Taconic orogeny, a
I-278 in Staten Island by Todt Hill
piece of ocean crust from the Iapetus marked on USGS geological map
Ocean broke off and became incorporated
into the collision zone and now forms the
oldest bedrock strata of Staten Island, the serpentinite.
The geology of Staten Island
This strata of the Lower Paleozoic (approximately 430 million years old) consists
predominantly of the serpentine minerals, antigorite, chrysotile, and lizardite; it
also contains asbestos and talc. At the end of the Paleozoic era (248 million years ago) all major continental masses were
joined into the supercontinent of Pangaea.

The Palisades Sill has been designated a National Natural Landmark, being "the best example of a thick diabase sill in
the United States". It underlies a portion of northwest Staten Island, with a visible outcropping in Travis, off Travis Road
in the William T. Davis Wildlife Refuge. This is the same formation that appears in New Jersey and upstate New York
along the Hudson River in Palisades Interstate Park. The sill extends southward beyond the cliffs in Jersey City beneath
the Upper New York Harbor and resurfaces on Staten Island. The Palisades sill date from the Early Jurassic period, 192
to 186 million years ago.

Staten Island has been at the southern terminus of various periods of glaciation. The most recent, the Wisconsin
glaciation, ended approximately 12,000 years ago. The accumulated rock and sediment deposited at the terminus of the
glacier is known as the terminal moraine present along the central portion of the island. The evidence of these glacial
periods is visible in the remaining wooded areas of Staten Island in the form of glacial erratics and kettle ponds.[45]
At the retreat of the ice sheet, Staten Island was connected by land to Long Island, as the Narrows had not yet formed.
Geologists' reckonings of the course of the Hudson River have placed it alternatively through the present course of the
Raritan River, south of the island, or through present-day Flushing Bay and Jamaica Bay.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Richmond County has a total area of 102.5
square miles (265 km2), of which 58.5 square miles (152 km2) is land and 44.0
square miles (114 km2) (43%) is water.[46] It is the third-smallest county in New
York by land area and fourth-smallest by total area.

Although Staten Island is a borough of New York City, the island is

geographically part of New Jersey.[47] Staten Island is separated from Long Island
by the Narrows and from mainland New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill
Van Kull. Staten Island is positioned at the center of New York Bight, a sharp
bend in the shoreline between New Jersey and Long Island. The region is
considered vulnerable to sea-level rise.[48] On October 29, 2012, the island
experienced severe damage and loss of life along with the destruction of many Location of Staten Island (red) within
homes during Hurricane Sandy.[49][50] New York City (remainder yellow)

In addition to the main island, the borough and county also

include several small uninhabited islands:

▪ The Isle of Meadows (at the mouth of Fresh Kills)

▪ Prall's Island (in the Arthur Kill)
▪ Shooters Island (in Newark Bay; part of it is in New
Jersey)
▪ Swinburne Island (in Lower New York Bay)
▪ Ho�man Island (in Lower New York Bay)
The highest point on the island, the summit of Todt Hill,
elevation 410 ft (120 m), is also the highest point in the five
boroughs, as well as the highest point on the Atlantic coastal
plain south of Great Blue Hill in Massachusetts and the
highest point on the coast proper south of Maine's Camden
Population density and elevation above sea level in Greater
Hills. Ward's Point in the neighborhood of Tottenville is the
NYC, U.S. (2010). Staten Island is especially vulnerable to sea
southernmost point in the state of New York. level rise.

Staten Island is the only borough in New York City that does
not share a land border with another borough (Marble Hill in Manhattan is contiguous with the Bronx). The borough has
a land border with Elizabeth and Bayonne, New Jersey, on uninhabited Shooters Island.

Wildlife
Staten Island is home to a large and diverse population of wildlife. Wildlife found on Staten Island include white-tailed
deer (which have increased from a population of 24 in 2008 to 2,000 in 2017 due to a hunting ban and a lack of
predators),[51] as well as hundreds of species of birds including bald eagles, turkey, hawks, egrets and ring-necked
pheasants. Staten Island is home to Atlantic horseshoe crabs, cottontail rabbits, opossums, raccoons, garter snakes, red-
eared slider turtles, newts, spring peeper frogs, leopard frogs, fox, box turtles, skunks, northern snapping turtles and
common snapping turtles. In 2014 a new species of frog, the Atlantic Coast Leopard Frog (Lithobates kauffeldi), was
described from Staten Island.[52]

Parkland
Staten Island includes thousands of acres of federal, state, and local park land,
including the "greenbelt" and "blue belt" park systems and the Gateway National
Recreation Area, in addition to hundreds of acres of private wooded areas. The
National Park Service maintains full-time wildland firefighters to patrol Staten
Island sites in wildfire brush trucks.
Aerial view of Staten Island from the
The parks on Staten Island are managed by various state, federal and local east at night

agencies.

Five sites are part of the 26,000-acre (110 km2) Gateway National Recreation
Area, managed by the U.S. National Park Service and patrolled by the United
States Park Police:

▪ Great Kills Park

▪ Miller Field
▪ Fort Wadsworth
▪ Ho�man Island
Deer found in Charleston, Staten
▪ Swinburne Island
Island. Deer may be part of 40-large
Two New York State parks are managed by the New York State Office of Parks, herd in Clay Pit Ponds State Park
Recreation and Historic Preservation: Preserves.

▪ Mount Loretto Unique Area

▪ Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve
New York State Park Police officers patrol these parks and the surrounding streets.

359 acres (145 ha) of State Forests, state wildlife management areas and Wetlands are managed by the New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation:

▪ Saint Francis Woodland

▪ Butler Manor Woods
▪ Arden Heights Woods
▪ Todt Hill Woods
▪ North Mount Loretto State Forest
▪ Lemon Creek Tidal Wetland Wildlife Management Area
▪ Blosers Wetland Wildlife Management Area
▪ Goethal Pond Wetland
▪ Bridge Creek Tidal Wetland
▪ Old Place Creek Tidal Wetland
▪ Oakwood Beach Wetland
▪ Sharrots Shoreline Natural Resource Area
▪ Sawmill Creek Wetland
The 359 acres (145 ha) of NYS Department of Environmental Conservation land throughout the island are patrolled by
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Police officers and one NYS DEC Forest Ranger, who has
the dual task of law enforcement and fire suppression.
The New York City Department of Parks and Recreation manages 156 parks, including:

▪ Conference House Park

▪ Willowbrook Park
▪ Graniteville �uarry Park
▪ Silver Lake Park
▪ Clove Lakes Park
The Fresh Kills Landfill was the world's largest landfill before closing in 2001,[53] although it was temporarily reopened
that year to receive debris from the September 11 attacks.[54] The landfill is being redeveloped as Freshkills Park, an area
devoted to restoring habitat. The park will become New York City's second largest public park when completed.[55]

Adjacent counties

New Jersey
▪ Hudson County — north and northeast
▪ Union County — northwest
▪ Middlesex County — west and southwest
▪ Monmouth County — south

New York
▪ Kings County — east
▪ New York County — northeast

Demographics
Historical
population
Census Pop. %±
1790 3,835 —
1800 4,564 19.0%
1810 5,347 17.2%
1820 6,135 14.7%
1830 7,082 15.4%
1840 10,965 54.8%
1850 15,061 37.4%
1860 25,492 69.3%
1870 33,029 29.6%
1880 38,991 18.1%
1890 51,713 32.6%
1900 67,021 29.6%
1910 85,969 28.3%
1920 116,531 35.6%
1930 158,346 35.9%
1940 174,441 10.2%
1950 191,555 9.8%
 1960 221,991 15.9%
1970 295,443 33.1%
1980 352,029 19.2%
1990 378,977 7.7%
2000 443,728 17.1%
2010 468,730 5.6%
2020 495,747 5.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[56]
1790–1960[57] 1900–1990[58]
1990–2000[59] 2010[6] 2020[4]

New York City's �ive boroughs

Jurisdiction Population Land area Density of population GDP

Census square square people/ people/ billions

Borough County
(2020) miles km sq. mile sq. km (2022 US$) 2

The Bronx Bronx 1,472,654 42.2 109.2 34,920 13,482 $43.7

Brooklyn Kings 2,736,074 69.4 179.7 39,438 15,227 $107.3

Manhattan New York 1,694,251 22.7 58.7 74,781 28,872 $781.0

�ueens �ueens 2,405,464 108.7 281.6 22,125 8,542 $103.3

Staten Island Richmond 495,747 57.5 149.0 8,618 3,327 $17.5

City of New York 8,804,190 300.5 778.2 29,303 11,314 $1,052.8

State of New York 20,201,249 47,123.6 122,049.5 429 166 $1,763.5

Sources:[60][61][62][63] and see individual borough articles.

Race 2020[64] 2010[56] 1990[65] 1970[65] 1950[65]

White 59.6% 72.9% 85% 94% 97.1%

—Non-Hispanic 56.1% 64.0% 80% n/a n/a

Black or African American 10.5% 10.6% 8.1% 5.3% 2.8%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 19.6% 17.3% 8% n/a n/a

Asian 12.0% 7.5% 4.5% 0.4% 0.1%

Two or more races 7.8% 2.6% n/a n/a n/a

As of the 2018 Estimate, 22.2% of residents are foreign born. 11.9% of residents live below the poverty line, the lowest
of the five boroughs. Average per capita income was $33,922, while median household income was $76,244. There are
181,199 housing units, with a 69.5% owner occupancy rate, the highest of the five boroughs, as well as a median value of
$460,200. There are 166,150 households, with 2.82 persons per household.

At the 2010 Census, there were 468,730 people living in Staten Island, which is an increase of 5.6% since the 2000
Census. Staten Island is the only New York City borough with a non-Hispanic White majority. According to the 2010
Census, 64.0% of the population was non-Hispanic White, down from 79% in 1990,[66] 10.6% Black or African
American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 7.5% Asian, 0.2% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 2.6%
of two or more races. 17.3% of Staten Island's population was of Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race).

In 2009, approximately 20.0% of the population was foreign born, and 1.8% of the populace was born in Puerto Rico,
U.S. Island areas, or born abroad to American parents.
Approximately 28.6% of the population over five years of age
spoke a language other than English at home, and 27.3% of the
population over twenty-five years of age had a bachelor's degree
or higher.[67]

According to the 2009 American Community Survey, the

borough's population was 75.7% White (65.8% non-Hispanic
White alone), 10.2% Black or African American (9.6% non-
Hispanic Black or African American alone), 0.2% American
Indian and Alaska Native, 7.4% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian
and Other Pacific Islander, 4.6% from Some other race, and
1.9% from Two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race Ethnic origins in Staten Island

made up 15.9% of the population.[68]

According to the survey, the top ten European ancestries were the following:

▪ Italian: 33.7%
▪ Irish: 14.2%
▪ German: 5.7%
▪ Russian: 3.8%
▪ Polish: 3.4%
▪ Albanian: 1.9%
▪ English: 1.6%
▪ Ukrainian: 1.3%
▪ Norwegian: 1.0%
▪ Greek: 1.0%
The borough has the highest proportion of Italian Americans of any county in the United States. There is a significant
Jewish community mainly in the Willowbrook area. Since the 2000 census, a large Russian community has been growing
on Staten Island, particularly in the Rossville, South Beach, and Great Kills area. There is also a significant Polish
community mainly in the South Beach and Midland Beach area and there is also a large Sri Lankan community on
Staten Island, concentrated mainly on Victory Boulevard on the northeastern tip of Staten Island towards St. George. The
Little Sri Lanka in the Tompkinsville neighborhood is one of the largest Sri Lankan communities outside of the country
of Sri Lanka.[69][70] The island houses more Liberians than anywhere outside Liberia,[71] and has included three
Liberian heads of state: David D. Kpormakpor, Ruth Perry, and George Weah. The borough is also home to a
Chinanteco-speaking Indigenous Mexican American community.[72]

Most of the borough's African American and Hispanic residents live north of the Staten Island Expressway, or Interstate
278. In terms of religion, the borough's population is largely Roman Catholic, peaking near 60% in the 2000 census.[73]
The Jewish community is slightly less numerous compared to other parts of the New York Metropolitan Area.

Per the 2009 American Community Survey, the median income for a household was $55,039, and the median income for
a family was $64,333. Males had a median income of $50,081 versus $35,914 for females. The per capita income for the
borough was $23,905. About 7.9% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2%
of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

If each borough were ranked as a separate city, Staten Island would be the 44th most-populous in the United States.
Languages
As of 2010, 70.39% (306,310) of Staten Island residents age 5 and older spoke only English at home, while 10.02%
(43,587) spoke Spanish, 3.14% (13,665) Russian, 3.11% (13,542) Italian, 2.39% (10,412) Chinese, 1.81% (7,867) other
Indo-European languages, 1.38% (5,990) Arabic, 1.01% (4,390) Polish, 0.88% (3,812) Korean, 0.80% (3,500) Tagalog,
0.76% (3,308) other Asian languages, 0.62% (2,717) Urdu, 0.57% (2,479) other Indic languages, and African languages
were spoken as a first language by 0.56% (2,458) of the population over the age of five. In total, 29.61% (128,827) of
Staten Island's population age 5 and older spoke a first language other than English.[74]

Government and politics

History
Since New York City's consolidation in 1898, Staten Island has been governed by the New York City Charter that
provides for a "strong" mayor-council system. The centralized New York City government is responsible for public
education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare
services on Staten Island.

The office of Borough president was created in the consolidation of 1898 to balance centralization with local authority.
Each borough president had a powerful administrative role derived from having a vote on the New York City Board of
Estimate, which was responsible for creating and approving the city's budget and proposals for land use.

The Office of Borough President became one focal point for opinions over the Vietnam War when former intelligence
agent and peace activist Ed Murphy ran for office in 1973, sponsored by the Staten Island Democratic Association.
Murphy's combat veteran status deflected traditional right-wing attacks on liberals, and the campaign facilitated the
emergence of more liberal politics on Staten Island. In Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris (1989), the
Supreme Court of the United States declared the Board of Estimate unconstitutional on the grounds that Brooklyn, the
most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the board than Staten Island, the least populous
borough, a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause pursuant to the high court's 1964 "one
man, one vote" decision.[77]

Since 1990 the Borough president has acted as an advocate for the borough at the mayoral agencies, the City Council, the
New York state government, and corporations. Staten Island's Borough President is Vito Fossella, a Republican who was
elected in November 2021. Fossella is the only Republican borough president in New York City.

Staten Island �lag

The Staten Island flag uses its old borough seal as a flag.

Politics
Staten Island's politics differ considerably from the rest of New York City. While the other four boroughs tend to be
strongly Democratic, Staten Island is considered the most conservative, and the only one where Republicans usually do
well.[78] Although in 2005 44.7% of the borough's registered voters were registered Democrats and 30.6% were
registered Republicans, the Republican Party holds a majority of local public offices. Staten Island is the base of New
York City's Republican Party in citywide elections.

The main political divide in the borough is demarcated by the Staten Island Expressway; areas north of the Expressway
tend to be more liberal while the south tends to be more conservative. Local party platforms center on affordable
housing, education and law and order. Two out of United States presidential election results for Richmond County, New
Staten Island's three New York City Council York[75][76] [hide]
members are Republicans, including conservative Republican Democratic Third party
commentator Joe Borelli. Year
No. % No. % No. %
In national elections, Staten Island is a Republican-
2020 123,320 56.89% 90,997 41.98% 2,450 1.13%
leaning county. Staten Island has voted for a
Democratic presidential nominee only four times 2016 101,437 56.05% 74,143 40.97% 5,380 2.97%
since 1940: in 1964, 1996, 2000, and 2012. In the 2012 74,223 48.14% 78,181 50.71% 1,776 1.15%
2008 presidential election, Republican John
McCain won 52% of the vote in the borough to 2008 86,062 51.66% 79,311 47.61% 1,205 0.72%
Democrat Barack Obama's 48%. In 2012, the 2004 90,325 56.40% 68,448 42.74% 1,370 0.86%
borough flipped and was won by incumbent
Democrat Barack Obama, who took 51% of the 2000 63,903 44.96% 73,828 51.94% 4,398 3.09%
vote to Republican Mitt Romney's 48%. This made 1996 52,207 40.78% 64,684 50.53% 11,116 8.68%
the borough one of the few parts of the country
1992 70,707 47.85% 56,901 38.51% 20,152 13.64%
where Barack Obama gained as compared to 2008.
[79] The Democratic Party's gains on the island in 1988 77,427 61.46% 47,812 37.95% 736 0.58%
the 2010s proved ephemeral. In 2016, Republican
1984 83,187 65.08% 44,345 34.69% 294 0.23%
Donald Trump carried Staten Island by 15.1%, the
largest margin of any presidential candidate since 1980 64,885 58.64% 37,306 33.72% 8,456 7.64%
1988. With 56.1% of the island-wide vote, Trump 1976 56,995 54.11% 47,867 45.45% 464 0.44%
became the first-ever presidential candidate to
receive over 100,000 votes out of Staten Island. The 1972 84,686 74.21% 29,241 25.62% 196 0.17%
borough stayed Republican on election day 2020, 1968 54,631 55.28% 34,770 35.18% 9,423 9.54%
delivering 56.9% and a record of more than
1964 42,330 45.54% 50,524 54.36% 92 0.10%
123,000 votes to President Donald Trump.[80][81] In
both elections, Staten Island was the only borough 1960 50,356 56.50% 38,673 43.39% 94 0.11%
where Trump managed even 30 percent of the vote.
1956 64,233 76.58% 19,644 23.42% 0 0.00%

1952 55,993 66.21% 28,280 33.44% 294 0.35%

Federal Representation
1948 39,539 54.06% 30,442 41.62% 3,153 4.31%
As of 2023. Staten Island lies entirely within New
York's 11th congressional district, which also 1944 42,188 57.07% 31,502 42.62% 228 0.31%
includes part of southwestern Brooklyn. It is
1940 38,911 50.23% 38,307 49.45% 249 0.32%
currently represented by a Republican, Nicole
Malliotakis, who was elected in 2020.[82] The 11th 1936 22,852 32.47% 46,229 65.68% 1,308 1.86%
district had been represented by Democrat Max 1932 21,278 35.26% 36,857 61.08% 2,210 3.66%
Rose, until Malliotakis defeated him 53.1% to
46.8%.[83] 1928 24,995 46.09% 28,945 53.37% 294 0.54%

1924 18,007 47.91% 15,801 42.04% 3,778 10.05%

Local politics 1920 17,844 63.15% 9,373 33.17% 1,041 3.68%

Staten Island representation in the state assembly 1916 7,319 44.36% 8,843 53.60% 336 2.04%
has one Democrat and three Republicans. The
1912 3,035 19.26% 8,445 53.60% 4,277 27.14%
62nd,[84] 63rd,[85] and 64th[86] districts are
represented by Republicans Michael Reilly, Sam 1908 6,831 45.29% 7,401 49.07% 852 5.65%
Pirozzolo, and Michael Tannousis. The 61st[87]
district has an elected Democrat, Charles Fall. Republican Democratic Third party
Staten Island is split between two state Senate Year
districts. Most of the island used to be represented No. % No. % No. %
by Republican John J. Marchi,[88] the longest- 1904 7,000 47.72% 7,182 48.96% 486 3.31%
serving legislator in state history; but is now
1900 6,042 45.77% 6,759 51.20% 400 3.03%
represented by Republican Andrew Lanza; while
the North Shore belongs to the district of Democrat 1896 6,170 55.10% 4,452 39.76% 576 5.14%
Jessica Scarcella-Spanton.[89] In 2018, Matthew
1892 4,091 38.09% 6,122 57.00% 528 4.92%
Titone, a Democrat who at the time was a member
of the New York State Assembly for the 61st 1888 4,100 40.82% 5,764 57.39% 179 1.78%
District, was elected Surrogate Judge for Richmond 1884 3,164 37.39% 5,135 60.68% 164 1.94%
County, which covers all of Staten Island. He was
succeeded by Charles Fall, also a Democrat, and 1880 3,291 40.60% 4,815 59.40% 0 0.00%
the first African American elected to the Assembly 1876 2,883 39.92% 4,339 60.08% 0 0.00%
from Staten Island.
1872 2,611 51.51% 2,458 48.49% 0 0.00%
Until 2009, Staten Island was included with 1868 2,216 42.30% 3,023 57.70% 0 0.00%
Brooklyn as part of New York State's 2nd Judicial
District. In that year, Staten Island secured Judicial 1864 1,565 35.25% 2,875 64.75% 0 0.00%
Independence when a new law was signed, creating 1860 1,408 37.27% 2,370 62.73% 0 0.00%
New York's 13th Judicial District. Since 2009,
Staten Island voters have had the opportunity to 1856 736 22.77% 1,550 47.94% 947 29.29%
elect 5 Justices to the New York State Supreme 1852 1,147 45.83% 1,324 52.90% 32 1.28%
Court.
1848 1,099 52.79% 860 41.31% 123 5.91%
Each of the city's five counties (coterminous with 1844 1,049 49.65% 1,063 50.31% 1 0.05%
each borough) has its own criminal court system
and District Attorney, the chief public prosecutor 1840 903 51.19% 861 48.81% 0 0.00%
who is directly elected by popular vote. Michael 1836 649 50.00% 649 50.00% 0 0.00%
McMahon, a Conservative Democrat, is the current
1832 537 48.33% 574 51.67% 0 0.00%
District Attorney.[90]
1828 475 47.83% 518 52.17% 0 0.00%
Staten Island has three City Council members, the
smallest number among the five boroughs. As of 2023, the island's city council
delegation comprises two Republicans and one Democrat. The borough also has
three administrative districts, each served by a local Community Board.
Community Boards are representative bodies that field complaints and serve as
advocates for local residents. In the 2009 election for city offices, Staten Island
elected its first black official, Debi Rose, who defeated the incumbent Democrat
in the North Shore city council seat in a primary and then went on to win the
general election.
Borough Hall in St. George, Staten
In New York City mayoral elections, Staten Island has traditionally been reliably
Island.
Republican, having last voted Democratic for incumbent mayor Ed Koch in 1985.
Staten Island's high Republican turnout is considered one of the major factors that
helped Rudy Giuliani win in 1993 against incumbent Democratic mayor David Dinkins, and also Michael Bloomberg in
2001 against Mark Green.
Secession from New Party a�iliation of Staten Island registered voters

York City Party 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996

Secession from New York City Democratic (%) 44.70 44.76 45.19 45.39 45.63 45.47 45.51 45.60 46.38 46.15
has been a long-time hot-button Republican (%) 30.64 30.47 30.77 30.55 30.68 30.76 31.17 31.60 30.80 31.28
issue on Staten Island. The
No a�iliation (%) 19.00 19.10 18.46 18.54 18.67 18.84 18.67 18.25 18.43 18.48
"Greater City" exists as a result
of actions of the New York Other (%) 5.66 5.67 5.58 5.52 5.02 4.93 4.65 4.55 4.39 4.09
State Legislature, and, as such,
could be reduced in size by the same mechanism. A non-binding referendum was held in 1993 to consider whether it
should be allowed to secede from the city. The New York City government and Mayor David Dinkins opposed the vote,
contending that the referendum should not be permitted by the state unless the city issued a home rule message
supporting it, which the city would not. Governor Mario Cuomo disagreed, and the vote went forward. Ultimately, 65%
of Staten Island residents voted to secede through the approval of a new city charter making Staten Island an independent
city, but implementation was blocked in the State Assembly.[91]

The Staten Island secession movement was defused by the election of Rudy Giuliani as New York City mayor on the
same ballot. He had campaigned on the promise that Staten Island's grievances would be addressed. Giuliani's plurality
in his narrow victory over Dinkins was aided by overwhelming support from Staten Island. Two of the borough's biggest
demands were closing the Fresh Kills Landfill and making the Staten Island Ferry free, both of which were done.
However, after the election of Bill de Blasio as Mayor in 2013 and the success of the Brexit vote in the United Kingdom
in 2016, interest in secession was revived. In 2019, New York City councilman Joe Borelli announced his plan to
introduce another set of bills to study the feasibility of secession.

Tourism
In 2009, Borough president James Molinaro started a program to increase tourism on Staten Island. This program
included a new website, a "Staten Island Attractions" video that is aired in both the Staten Island and the Manhattan
Whitehall ferry terminals, as well as informational kiosks at the terminals, which supply printed information on Staten
Island attractions, entertainment and restaurants.

Empire Outlets New York City, is a 350,000-square-foot (33,000 m2) retail complex constructed in the St. George
neighborhood of Staten Island. Empire Outlets features 100 designer outlets. It is the first outlet mall in New York City.
The mall is located next to the St. George Terminal, a major ferry, train, and bus hub.

Staten Island's Arts District is located in the North Shore region with many locations to see music and experience art.
The Snug Harbor Cultural Center and Botanic Gardens (1000 Richmond Terrace) is home to The Staten Island Museum,
The Staten Island Children's Museum, Heritage Farm, The Newhouse Gallery, The Chinese Scholar's Garden and the
Great Hall. The St. George Theater is a historic landmark seated theater within walking distance from the ferry and it
hosts many touring music artists. ArtSpace located at Navy Pier Court is run by the local arts council with revolving
exhibits by local artists. Staten Island's only community radio station, Maker Park Radio, is located in the Stapleton
neighborhood of Staten Island. The Alice Austin House is a historic landmark and photography gallery with a view of
Manhattan. Although Staten Island lacks venues one can see many live music artists at local restaurants and spaces on
most weekends. There are also numerous theaters on the Island.

Staten Island is known as the borough of parks because of its numerous parks. Some well known parks are Clove Lakes,
Silver Lake, Greenbelt and High Rock. Paulo's Peak (formerly Moses Mountain), a hill known for its view of the
borough, is the location where Robert Moses wanted to build the Richmond Parkway before protests defeated this
arrangement. It is now a key point of Staten Island for tourists.
Culture

Local support for the arts

Artists and musicians have been moving to Staten Island's North Shore so they
can be in close proximity to Manhattan but also have enough affordable space to
live and work.[9][92][93] Filmmakers, most of whom work independently, also play
an important part in Staten Island's art scene, which has been recognized by the
local government. Staten Island Arts (formerly The Council on the Arts and
Humanities for Staten Island) is Staten Island's local arts council and helps
support local artists and cultural organizations with regrants, workshops, folklife
and arts-in-education programs, and advocacy.[94] Conceived by the Staten Island
Economic Development Corporation to introduce independent and international "Postcards 9/11 Memorial", at St.
films to a broad and diverse audience, the Staten Island Film Festival (SIFF) held George Esplanade
its first four-day festival in 2006.

Attractions
Historic Richmond Town is New York City's living history village and museum complex. Visitors can explore the
diversity of the American experience, especially that of Staten Island and its neighboring communities, from the colonial
period to the present. The village area occupies 25 acres (100,000 m2) of a 100-acre (0.40 km2) site with about 15
restored buildings, including homes, commercial and civic buildings, and a museum.

The island is home to the Staten Island Zoo. Zoo construction commenced in 1933 as part of the Federal Government's
works program on an eight-acre (three-hectare) estate willed to New York City. It was opened on June 10, 1936, the first
zoo in the U.S. specifically devoted to an educational mandate. In the late 1960s, the zoo maintained the most complete
rattlesnake collection in the world with 39 varieties.

Museums
Snug Harbor Cultural Center, the Alice Austen House Museum, the Conference
House, the Garibaldi–Meucci Museum, Historic Richmond Town, Jacques
Marchais Museum of Tibetan Art, the Noble Maritime Collection, Sandy Ground
Historical Museum,[95] Staten Island Children's Museum, the Staten Island
Museum, and the Staten Island Botanical Garden, home of the New York Chinese
Scholar's Garden, can all be found on the island.

The National Lighthouse Museum undertook a major fundraising project and

opened an educational center at St. George in 2015.[96] The Staten Island
Sailors' Snug Harbor
Museum (art, science, and history) opened a new branch in Snug Harbor in 2015.
[97]

The Seguine Mansion, also known as The Seguine-Burke Mansion, is located on Lemon Creek near the southern shore
of Staten Island. The 19th-century Greek Revival house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a
member of the Historic House Trust; it harbors peacocks and an equestrian center.[98]

Newspapers
Staten Island's local paper is The Staten Island Advance. The paper also has an affiliated website called silive.com (http://
silive.com).

In culture

Film
Movies filmed partially or wholly on Staten Island include:

▪ Analyze This
▪ The Astronaut's Wife
▪ Bad Hurt
▪ A Beautiful Mind
▪ Big Daddy
▪ Big Fan
▪ Combat Shock
▪ Cropsey
▪ The Devil's Own
▪ Donnie Brasco
▪ Easy Money
▪ Freedomland
▪ The First Purge
▪ Fur
▪ The Godfather
▪ Goodfellas
▪ Grace �uigley
▪ He Knows You're Alone
▪ How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days
▪ The Irishman
▪ The Jimmy Show
▪ Joe the King
▪ The Kindergarten Teacher
▪ The King of Staten Island
▪ Little Children
▪ Neighbors
▪ Nerve
▪ The Other Guys
▪ The Perils of Pauline (1914 serial)
▪ Scent of a Woman
▪ School of Rock
▪ Shamus
▪ Sisters
▪ Sleepwalk With Me[99]
▪ Sorry, Wrong Number
▪ Splendor in the Grass
▪ Staten Island
 ▪ Staten Island Summer
▪ Strong Island
▪ Terri�ier
▪ The Toxic Avenger
▪ Three Christs
▪ Trainwreck
▪ Two Family House
▪ War of the Worlds
▪ Wedding Daze
▪ What We Do in the Shadows (TV series)
▪ Who's That Knocking at My Door
▪ Working Girl
▪ Wu-Tang Clan: An American Saga

Literature
World War One poet Alan Seeger, who fought with the French Foreign Legion and was killed in the Battle of the Somme
and author of I Have a Rendezvous with Death (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rendezvous_with_death.JPG)
grew up at St. Marks Place above the ferry stop on Staten Island in the last decade of the 19th century. His poem The Old
Lowe House (https://englishverse.com/poems/the_old_lowe_house_staten_island) described property that would become
Low Terrace, St. George.[100]

Ki Longfellow was born on the island. Longfellow is the author of The Secret Magdalene and other books. Her Sam
Russo historical detective noir novels are based in and around Stapleton.

Lois Lowry, the author of The Gossamer, The Giver, and many other books, attended school on Staten Island.

Writer Paul Zindel lived in Staten Island during his youth and based most of his teenage novels in the island.

George R. R. Martin based King's Landing on the view of Staten Island from his childhood home in Bayonne, New
Jersey.[101]

Music
Staten Island also has a local music scene. These venues in the North Shore are part of the art movement mentioned
above. Local bands include many punk, ska, hardcore punk, indie, metal, and pop punk bands. Staten Island is known
internationally for its hip hop culture from the critically acclaimed Wu-Tang Clan.

Musicians who were born or reside on Staten Island and groups that formed on Staten Island are found at List of people
from Staten Island.

Television
The Spectrum cable news channel NY1 airs a weekly show called This Week on Staten Island, hosted by Anthony
Pascale. The magazine-style show takes content from NY1's hourly newscasts called "Your Staten Island News Now".

A documentary series, A Walk Around Staten Island with David Hartman and Barry Lewis, premiered on public
television station WNET on December 3, 2007. The hosts profile Staten Island culture and history, including major
attractions such as the Staten Island Ferry, Historic Richmondtown, the Conference House, Snug Harbor Cultural Center
and its Chinese Scholars Garden, and many more sites.[102]
The Fox and WB sitcom Grounded for Life (2001–2005) was centered on a family of Irish heritage living on Staten
Island.[103]

All four cast members of truTV hidden camera reality TV show Impractical Jokers (2011–) hail from Staten Island. Joe
Gatto, James "Murr" Murray, Brian "Q" Quinn, and Sal Vulcano are four friends who originally met while attending
Monsignor Farrell High School, where they formed the improv comedy troupe The Tenderloins. Impractical Jokers
features many references to Staten Island and filming often takes place in the borough. On February 6, 2023, the borough
declared the first Monday of every February "Impractical Jokers Day" in honor of the show.[104][105]

The FX comedy horror series What We Do in the Shadows (2019–) is centered on a group of vampires who live on
Staten Island.[106] The fact that they live on Staten Island and not more centrally in New York City is a common joke
within the series, and their attempts to take over the entire borough have resulted in control of only five houses,
according to the group.

Theater
The St. George Theatre serves as a cultural arts center, hosting educational programs, architectural tours, television and
film shoots, concerts, comedy, Broadway touring companies, and small and large children's shows. Artists who have
performed there include the B-52's, Jonas Brothers, Tony Bennett, and Don McLean. In 2012, the NBC musical drama
Smash series filmed several scenes there.[107]

The Ritz Theater in Port Richmond, a movie theater and vaudeville venue now a home-improvement showroom, once
hosted the biggest names in rock and roll and show business. The theater was built by Isle Theatrical and opened in 1924.
[108] From 1970 to 1972, the theater had an arrangement with a Manhattan club that enabled them to bring top names,

many of whom are now in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, to the location.[109][110]

The Stadium Theatre was a 1,037-seat movie theater in Tottenville from 1927 to 1957. In January 1969 it re-opened as
the New Stadium Theatre and was a rock-music venue, but by the 1970s it had become the site of a roller rink.[111]

The Lane Theater in New Dorp opened on February 10, 1938, and was operated by Charles, Lewis and Elias Moses.[108]
[112] The theater's interior has been landmarked since November 1988. Starting in 1998, several concerts were hosted;
[113] and the theater briefly hosted "The EleMent" nightclub in 2001. After renovations were completed in summer 2009,

Uncle Vinnie's Comedy Club opened there, operating until 2011.[114] In 2012 the building became the home of the
Crossroads Church.[115]

Sports

Baseball
The Staten Island Yankees played in the New York–Penn League from 1999 to
2020; the team was a Class-A Minor League affiliate of the New York Yankees
before being eliminated during the restructuring of Minor League Baseball. The
Yankees have stated they hope to assist in creating a new team for Staten Island in
the independent Atlantic League. Staten Island is now home to the minor league
Staten Island FerryHawks of the Atlantic League and playing their home games
at Staten Island University Hospital ballpark.[116] The Staten Island University Hospital
Community Park
The New York Metropolitans of the American Association played baseball on
Staten Island from April 1886 through 1887. Erastus Wiman, the developer of St.
George, brought the team to Staten Island at a stadium called the St. George Grounds, near the site of the present-day
Staten Island Yankees' Richmond County Bank Ballpark and the Staten Island Ferry terminal.

Staten Island's Mid-Island Little League won the 1964 Little League World Series in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Three
Mid-Island Little League teams and six overall from Staten Island have reached the tournament since it started in 1947.
[117] Staten Island Little League was the island's first Little League. Its "founding fathers"; Buddy Cusack, Jiggs Seaman,

John Marino, Joe Darcy Sr., Joe "Babe" Darcy Jr., Ed Elliott, and Jim Darcy, built Hy Turkin Field (and additional fields)
in Dongan Hills and have been inducted as a group into the Staten Island Sports Hall of Fame.[118]

Basketball
In 2015, the New York Post listed Staten Island's all-time basketball team as: Warren Fenley, Kyle McAlarney, Bill
Murtha, Kevin O'Connor, Kenny Page.[119] As of 2014, McAlarney was Staten Island's all-time high-school boys' scoring
leader with 2,566 points.[120]

Bowling
Staten Island has been home to a number of national champions and world-class bowlers, including Mark Roth, Johnny
Petraglia, Mary Ontek,[121] Ben McNevich, Dom LaBargo, and Joseph Berardi.[122][123] Roth, Petraglia and Berardi are
in the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) Hall of Fame.[124]

Boxing
The Daily News Golden Gloves Tournament started in 1927. It is believed that Eppie Alonzo, who lived and trained at
the Mount Loretto Home for Boys, is the first Staten Islander to win a Daily News Golden Gloves championship. Alonzo
won his division in 1949 and again in 1950. Other Staten Islanders who have won a Daily News Golden Gloves
championship include: Gabe Perillo Jr. (1974), Kevin Rooney (1975), Al Tobe (1975), Johnny Verderosa (1975, 1976),
Gary Stark Jr. (2000, 2001, 2002), Amanda Walsh (2008), Nafisa Umarova (2012), Chad Trabuscio (2012), Anthony
Caramanno (2008, 2010, 2012).[125]

College athletics
The Wagner College Seahawks participate in NCAA Division I athletics and are a member of the Northeast Conference
(NEC). National Basketball Association (NBA) coach P. J. Carlesimo coached the men's basketball team from 1976 to
1982. Terrance Bailey led NCAA Division I basketball in scoring as a junior in 1985–86. Rich Kotite, a former NFL
player and coach, played tight end on Wagner's football team in the 1960s.

The College of Staten Island Dolphins participate in NCAA Division II athletics. The College of Staten Island Baseball
Complex was the home of the Staten Island Yankees until 2001.

Cricket
The Staten Island Cricket Club, founded in 1872, is the oldest continuously operating cricket club in the United States.
[126]

Football
Staten Island had a National Football League (NFL) team, the Stapletons, also known as the Stapes. The team was based
in Stapleton at Thompson Stadium, located on the current site of Berta A. Dreyfus Intermediate School 49 and the
Stapleton Houses. They played in the league from 1929 to 1932, defeating the New York Giants twice and the Chicago
Cardinals once. During the 1932 NFL season, the Stapletons, last in the NFL, played the eventual season champion
Chicago Bears to a scoreless tie. Football Hall of Famer Ken Strong played for the Stapletons.

The following NFL players were born on Staten Island: Joe Andruzzi (1998–2006), Frank Ferrara (2001–2003), James
Jenkins (1991–2000), David Richards (1988–1996), Joseph Ryan (1960), Lewis Sanders (2000–2007), Mike Siani
(1972–1980), Frank Umont (1944–1948, then MLB umpire 1954–1973).[127][128] NFL coaches Kevin Coyle and Lou
Anarumo were also born on Staten Island.

The New York Predators of the semi-pro Regional American Football League have called Staten Island home since their
inception in 1998. Owned by Bill Simo, they play most home games at St. Peter's H.S.[129]

Golf
Staten Island has four golf courses. La Tourette, Silver Lake, and South
Shore are public, while Richmond County Country Club is the only private
country club in New York City. The New York City Amateur[130] is
conducted annually at La Tourette Golf Course by the Staten Island Golf
Association.[131]

By some estimates, Staten Island has been the site of nearly a dozen golf
courses.

▪ Harbour Hills Golf Links near Brighton, Lafayette, and Prospect A 1905 golf match with Isaac Mackie (right)
Avenue in New Brighton opened in 1878 and is said to have conducted at Fox Hills Golf Club, Staten Island, NY
the island's �irst golf tournaments. In 1898, the club opened a new
clubhouse opposite the Brighton Heights Inn along Castleton Avenue.
[132] In 1904, the Brooklyn Daily Eagle Almanac reported that the club had 250 members and had been o�icially
incorporated in 1896.[133] Today most of the property is known as Goodhue Park and Allison Pond Park.
▪ Clovena Club was in the vicinity of Clove Road and Victory Boulevard in 1897.[134]
▪ Staten Island Cricket and Base Ball Club had a course in Livingston and was a Charter member of the
Metropolitan Golf Association. Besides the "baseball" name, it is also seen in journals at the time as Staten Island
Country Club and Staten Island Cricket Club. As with other clubs making the transition from cricket to golf, the
organization completed planning for what would become the Fox Hills Golf Course by identifying the 110-acre
(45 ha) site and hiring an architect, but abandoned golf in 1899.
▪ Fox Hills Golf Course was one of the island's �irst true 18-hole courses. It opened in 1900 with over 200 members
and had nearly 275 members by 1904. Fox Hills was semi-private, and attracted players from around the New
York metropolitan area to its location in Cli�on o� Vanderbilt Avenue and Targee Street, where its clubhouse was
one of the largest in the country. Proli�ic golf architect Tom Bendelow was selected to develop the course's
original layout.[135] Fox Hills's head professional, Scotsman Isaac Mackie, worked with Walter Travis in 1906 to
revamp the golf course, and in 1928 Donald Ross made additional changes. Mackie played in at least 12 U.S.
Opens from 1901 to 1921, and won the Eastern PGA Championship in 1908 at Fox Hills. From 1899 through 1926
the Staten Island Amateur was played annually at either Fox Hills or Richmond County Country Club. Like many
private golf courses of that era, the Great Depression, as well as the growing number of public courses,
contributed to the end of the club and Fox Hills closed in 1935.[136][137][138][139]
▪ Tysen Manor Golf Course, which was located on 100-acre (40 ha) site between Hylan Boulevard, Mill Road, New
Dorp Lane, and Tysens Lane, was in existence from 1928 until 1936. The course was operated by Henry H. Nutt.
Tavern on the Green, a restaurant that closed in 1976, was originally the golf course's clubhouse, near the location
of the current post o�ice on Hylan Boulevard.[140]
▪ May�lower Country Club's golf course, designed by Devereux Emmet with Alfred H. Tull,[141][142] was built on a
147-acre (59 ha) tract in Huguenot in 1928.[143][144] The club had designs for sporting facilities that included an
 indoor swimming pool and tennis courts, but member funding dried up once the stock market crashed in 1929.
Regardless, Frank B. Sterner & Co. built the country club's clubhouse for $200,000 in 1930, and the �irst annual
club championship was conducted in September 1931. New York City took over the site in 1966 and opened South
Shore Golf Course in 1967.[145]
▪ Willowbrook State School Golf Course was a 9-hole layout on Forest Hill Road that opened in May 1945 and
closed in the 1960s. The Metropolitan section of the Professional Golfers' Association of America (PGA) funded
construction of the golf course at Halloran General Hospital in support of the U.S. Army and the war e�ort.
Robert Trent Jones Sr. designed a layout that consisted of all par-3s on 23 acres (9.3 ha). Jones modeled the holes
on what he thought were the great par-3s of the world and the unique course opened with complimentary
reviews.[146][147]
Bill Britton, a tournament winner on the PGA Tour, and Jim Albus, a multiple winner on the PGA Tour Champions,
learned the game on Staten Island. Both won the prestigious Metropolitan Open. Albus was the head professional at La
Tourette and a winner of the Senior Players Championship. Carolyn Cudone, raised on Staten Island, won a record five
straight U.S. Senior Women's Amateur championships between 1968 and 1972, the most wins in a row by an individual
in any United States Golf Association (USGA) championship. Frank Esposito, who learned the game on Staten Island,
won the 2014 PGA Tour Champions National Qualifying Tournament.[148][149] Sean Kelly, a regular golfer at Silver Lake
Golf Course, took medalist honors at both the First and Second Stage of the 2018 Web.com Tour Qualifying Tournament.
[150]

Frank Hannigan was the USGA Executive Director and a TV golf analyst for ABC. He wrote for the Staten Island
Advance as a golf columnist and was influential in bringing the US Open to Shinnecock Hills and Bethpage State Park,
and promoted the creation of the New York City Amateur.[151] Staten Island native Joe Moresco was President of the
Metropolitan section of the PGA in 1969 and 1970, was the Section's Professional of the Year in 1971 and is a member
of the PGA Metropolitan Section Hall of Fame, along with Jim Albus.[152]

Ice hockey
The following National Hockey League (NHL) players were born on Staten Island: Nick Fotiu, Kevin Labanc, Zach
Aston-Reese, Joe Gambardella.[153]

Motor sports
From 1953 until 1972 stock car races were held weekly from May until October at a 1/5th-mile asphalt racetrack on
Staten Island. The local dairy, owned by the Weissglass family, financed promoter Gabe Rispoli with $700 so he could
make improvements to an existing sporting facility that became known as Weissglass Stadium.[154][155]

There was a controversial plan by the International Speedway Corporation (ISC) to build an 82,000-seat race track[156]
on the island that would host National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) races by 2010. The ISC
abandoned the plan in 2006 citing financial concerns, and sold the 676-acre (274 ha) parcel in 2013.[157]

Olympians
The following Islanders have qualified to participate in the Olympic Games:[158]

▪ John Henry Lake (1900: Cycling, Bronze medal winner)

▪ Abel Kiviat (1912: Athletics – 1500 Meters, Silver medal winner); World record holder
▪ Frankie Genaro (1920: Boxing – Flyweight, Gold medal winner)
▪ Carl Borack (1972: Fencing – Men's team foil)
▪ Marilyn King (1972: Athletics – Pentathlon; 1976: Athletics – Pentathlon; 1980: Athletics – Pentathlon)
 ▪ Bill Jankunis (1976: Athletics – High Jump)
▪ Ray Rudolph (1980: Handball)
▪ Dominick Minicucci (1988: Gymnastics; 1992: Gymnastics)
▪ Robert Pipkins (1992: Luge; 1994: Luge)
▪ Silvia Fontana (2002: Figure skating, 2006: Figure skating)
▪ Marcus Browne (2012: Boxing – Light Heavyweight)
▪ Gary di Silvestri (2014: Cross-Country Skiing – 15 kilometre classical)
▪ Robby Andrews (2016: Athletics – 1500 Meters)
▪ Krystal Lara (2020: Swimming – 100 metre backstroke; Swimming - 200 metre backstroke)
Elmer Ripley, a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame and Staten Island native, coached the Olympic basketball teams
for Israel (1956) and Canada (1960).[159]

Running
The New York City Marathon is a foot race run over a 42.2 km (26.2 mi) course through the five boroughs of New York
City. The marathon starts each year on Staten Island.

The Ocean Breeze Track and Field Athletic Complex is a state-of-the-art indoor track and field facility in Ocean Breeze
Park that is part of the South Beach section of Staten Island. On November 19, 2015, the complex became the first
facility in the United States to be recognized as a certified International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) facility.[160]
A project under Mayor Bloomberg's Design Excellence initiative, the athletic complex was designed as part of the
PlaNYC 110-acre Ocean Breeze regional park.[161] The project, launched in 2007, encountered several delays, including
a four-month setback due to Hurricane Sandy that exposed the vulnerability of generators, transformers, and electronic
control rooms all of which had to be raised to avoid storm-surge flooding.[162]

Tennis
Tennis is said to have made its United States debut on Staten Island. The first American National championship was
played at the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club (now known as the Staten Island Cricket Club) in September 1880.
[163] Tennis was introduced in Staten Island by Mary Ewing Outerbridge.[164]

Robert "Bob" Duffield Wrenn four-time U.S. singles championship winner, and one of the first inductees in the
International Tennis Hall of Fame was a tennis member at Richmond County Country Club. His brother George Wrenn
and friend Arthur E. Foote were also members.[165]

Education

Public schools
Non-charter public schools in the borough are managed by the New York City Department of Education,[166] the largest
public school system in the United States.

Public middle schools include Intermediate Schools 2, 7, 24, 27, 30, 34, 49, 51, 61, 72 and 75; and 861, a K–to–8
school; as well as part of the Petrides School (which runs from kindergarten through high school).

Public high schools include:

▪ College of Staten Island High School for International Studies

 ▪ Curtis High School
▪ Gaynor McCown Expeditionary Learning School
▪ New Dorp High School
▪ Petrides High School
▪ Port Richmond High School
▪ Ralph R. McKee CTE High School
▪ Staten Island Technical High School
▪ Susan E. Wagner High School
▪ Tottenville High School

Private schools
▪ Staten Island Academy is the only independent private (non-public, non-religious) grade school on the island and
is one of the oldest in the country.
Nondenominational Christian

▪ Gateway Academy (co-educational)

Catholic

▪ Monsignor Farrell High School (all-boys)

▪ Moore Catholic High School (co-educational)
▪ Notre Dame Academy (New York) (all-girls)
▪ St. Joseph by the Sea High School (co-educational)
▪ St. Joseph Hill Academy (all-girls)
▪ St. Peter's Boys High School (all-boys)
Islamic

▪ Miraj Islamic School (co-educational)

Jewish

▪ Jewish Foundation School (co-educational)

▪ Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem, Staten Island campus (all-boys)
▪ Yeshiva Merkaz HaTorah (separate boys and girls)

Colleges and universities

▪ The College of Staten Island is one of the eleven senior colleges of the City University of New York (CUNY). The
college o�ers associate's and bachelor's degrees, and also o�ers master's and doctoral-level study.
▪ Wagner College is a co-educational private liberal arts college with an enrollment of 2,000 undergraduates and
500 graduate students.
▪ St. John's University has a campus on Staten Island. It is a private, co-educational Roman Catholic university.

Transportation

Bridges
Staten Island is connected to New Jersey via three vehicular bridges and one railroad bridge. The Outerbridge Crossing to
Perth Amboy, New Jersey, is at the southern end of New York State Route 440,
and the Bayonne Bridge to Bayonne, New Jersey, is at the northern end of
NY 440; both ends of NY 440 continue into New Jersey as Route 440. The
Goethals Bridge, carrying Interstate 278, connects Elizabeth, New Jersey, onto
the Staten Island Expressway. Just north of the Goethals, the Arthur Kill Vertical The Staten Island Ferry provides travel
Lift Bridge carries freight between the northwest part of the island and Elizabeth, between lower Manhattan and the St.
New Jersey. The Staten Island Expressway is connected to Brooklyn via the George Terminal.
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, which carries I-278. Pedestrian links to Staten
Island are available via a footpath on the Bayonne and Goethals Bridges.

From 1964 to 1977, Staten Island contained the longest vertical lift, steel arch, and suspension bridges in the world: the
Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge, Bayonne Bridge, and Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, respectively. The Arthur Kill Bridge
still holds the title for longest vertical lift bridge, while the Bayonne and Verrazzano bridges are now the 5th- and 14th-
longest in their respective categories.

Roads
As of 2015, 82% of Staten Island households owned a car, the highest rate of any borough. Citywide, the rate was 45%.
[167]Unlike the other four boroughs, Staten Island has no large, numbered grid system for its roads. New Dorp's grid has
a few numbered streets, but they do not intersect with any numbered avenues. Some neighborhoods organize their street
names alphabetically. In addition to the island's highways (I-278, NY 440, Korean War Veterans Parkway), the borough's
neighborhoods are connected by a number of heavily trafficked roads including Hylan Boulevard, the longest street in
New York City.[168]

Public transit
As of 2021, public transportation on the island is limited to:

▪ New York City Department of Transportation (Staten Island Ferry)

▪ Hornblower Cruises (NYC Ferry – St. George route)
▪ Staten Island Railway service from St. George to Tottenville
▪ MTA Regional Bus Operations (local service on Staten Island, including some service to Brooklyn; and express
service to Manhattan)

Ferry
The Staten Island Ferry is the only transportation directly from Staten Island to Manhattan, roughly a 25-minute trip.[169]
The St. George Terminal, first opened in 1886,[170] was rebuilt in 1951[171] and again in the 2000s.[172] The ferry has
been fare-free since 1997. The Staten Island Ferry transports over 60,000 passengers per day. It runs 24/7 every 15 to 20
minutes during weekday rush hours and every 30 minutes at other times.[173] The ferries and both of its terminals are
patrolled by a combination of the New York City Department of Transportation, New York City Police Department,
United States Coast Guard and private security contractors.[174]

An NYC Ferry route operates between St. George Terminal and Manhattan's West Side since August 2021, calling at
Battery Park City/Vesey Street and terminating at Pier 79/Midtown West.[175] This route is operated separately from the
Staten Island Ferry and charges a fare.

Trains
The Staten Island Railway, currently the borough's only passenger railroad,
traverses the island 24/7 from its northeastern tip to its southwestern tip. The
Staten Island Railway opened in 1860[176][177][178] and was owned and operated
by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) until July 1, 1971, when the line was
bought by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority.[179] The Staten Island
Railway continued to have its own railway police, the Staten Island Rapid Transit
Police, until 2005 when the 25-officer police force was consolidated into the
Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police Department.[180][181]
The Staten Island Railway operates
Staten Island is the only borough not served by the New York City Subway. A along the Richmond/Amboy Roads
corridor.
subway tunnel called the Staten Island Tunnel started construction in 1923, but
was abandoned two years later; the completed portion lies dormant beneath Owl's
Head Park in Brooklyn.[182][183][184] Today, express bus service is provided by NYC Transit throughout Staten Island to
Lower Manhattan, Union Square, and Midtown Manhattan.

A 5-mile (8 km) right of way exists along the north shore of Staten Island. This North Shore Branch of the Staten Island
Railway was built, owned, and operated by the B&O, which used it for passenger service until 1953. It then became a
B&O freight line until the 1980s, when service was stopped. There have been proposals to revive the abandoned right-of-
way for passenger service as a rail line or for use as bus rapid transit.[185] There is also a proposal to build a West Shore
Light Rail along New York State Route 440, running from the Staten Island Railway main line on the South Shore, to the
Hudson–Bergen Light Rail in Bayonne, New Jersey.[186] The South Beach Branch of the Staten Island Railway, which
transported summer vacationers to South Beach, Staten Island, also ceased service in 1953.[187]

Buses
MTA Regional Bus Operations provides local and limited bus service with over 30 lines throughout Staten Island. Most
lines feed into the St. George Terminal in the northeastern corner of the borough. Three lines (the S53, S93 and S79
SBS) provide service over the Verrazzano Bridge to Bay Ridge, Brooklyn. The S79 SBS is the only Select Bus Service
route in the borough. Beginning September 4, 2007, the MTA began offering bus service from Staten Island to Bayonne,
New Jersey, over the Bayonne Bridge via the S89 limited-stop bus, allowing passengers to connect to the Hudson–Bergen
Light Rail's 34th Street station, giving Staten Island residents a new route into Manhattan. Despite Staten Island's
proximity to New Jersey, the S89 is the only route directly into New Jersey from Staten Island via public transportation.
[188]

Express bus service to Manhattan (via the Verrazzano Bridge or Goethals Bridge) is also available for a $6.75 fare each
way. The SIM1C, SIM3C, SIM4C and SIM33C are the only express routes to run outside of weekday commuter hours.
[189]

Freight rail
Conrail Shared Assets Operations operates freight rail service for customers of CSX Transportation and the Norfolk
Southern Railway via the Travis Branch, with a 38-acre (15 ha) intermodal on-dock rail facility on the West Shore of
Staten Island, which connects to the National Rail System via the Arthur Kill Rail Bridge to New Jersey. In addition to
the intermodal on-dock rail yard, the Conrail Staten Island Rail line also connects to the Sanitation Department's waste
transfer station. Conrail railroad police officers patrol and respond to emergencies along the freight line.

Infrastructure
Hospitals
Staten Island is the only borough without a hospital operated by New York City. The Richmond University Medical
Center and the Staten Island University Hospital are privately operated.

Jails
Staten Island is the only borough without a New York City Department of Correction major detention center. The
Department of Corrections only maintains court holding jails at the three court buildings on Staten Island for inmates
attending court. The various police agencies on Staten Island maintain in-house holding jails for post arrest detention
prior to transfer to a corrections jail in another borough.

The Staten Island county sheriff operated a jail system on Staten Island until 1942, when the Staten Island jail system
was transferred from the county sheriff's department to the New York City Department of Corrections and eventually
closed. In 1976, the New York State Department of Correctional Services opened the Arthur Kill Correctional Facility of
Staten Island, but the facility was closed in 2011.

Nicknames
Staten Island has acquired a number of nicknames over the decades, some connected to the notion that it is considered an
afterthought by other New York City residents. The "Forgotten Borough" was first used nearly 100 years ago in a New
York Times article that quoted a real estate executive. The phrase was more used during the secession movement of the
1990s, and came into greater use in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.[190]

The island has also been referred to as the "borough of parks" due to its vast swaths of protected parkland and green
spaces.[10][11][12] The island has 12,300 acres of protected parkland and over 170 parks.[13] The hip-hop group Wu-Tang
Clan, which originates from Staten Island, coined the nickname "Shaolin Land" (later simply Shaolin) for Staten Island
as part of their slang.[191] Some have also taken to calling the island "The Rock", a moniker more commonly associated
with Alcatraz, with this nickname's first appearance in print being a New York Times article in 2007.[192]

International relations
Staten Island is twinned with Ulcinj, Montenegro.[193]

See also
▪ List of people from Staten Island New York City portal
▪ List of counties in New York
Islands portal
▪ List of Staten Island neighborhoods
▪ National Register of Historic Places listings in Staten Island
▪ Staten Island Legal Services
▪ Staten Island Economic Development Corporation
▪ List of tallest buildings in Staten Island

Notes
 1. "Deed for the purchase of indigenous lands on Staten Island, July 10 1657" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210224
210126/https://www.nysarchivestrust.org/education/consider-source/browse-primary-source-documents/indigeno
us-history/indian-deed-staten-island-july-10-1657). New York State Archives Partnership Trust. February 24, 2021.
Archived from the original (https://www.nysarchivestrust.org/education/consider-source/browse-primary-source-
documents/indigenous-history/indian-deed-staten-island-july-10-1657) on February 24, 2021.
2. Russell Shorto, The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony
that Shaped America. First Edition. New York City: Vintage Books (a Division of Random House, 2004),
ISBN 1-4000-7867-9
3. Moynihan, Colin. "F.Y.I." (https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/19/nyregion/fyi-530409.html), The New York Times,
September 19, 1999. Retrieved December 17, 2019. "There are well-known names for inhabitants of four boroughs:
Manhattanites, Brooklynites, Bronxites and Staten Islanders. But what are residents of �ueens called?"
4. "2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer" (https://mtgis-portal.geo.census.gov/arcgis/apps/MapSeries/inde
x.html?appid=2566121a73de463995ed2b2fd7�6eb7). US Census Bureau. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
5. "Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area, 2022" (https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/�iles/2023-1
2/lagdp1223.pd�) (PDF). Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. "State and County �uickFacts – Richmond County (Staten Island Borough), New York" (https://www.census.gov/
quickfacts/fact/table/richmondcountystatenislandboroughnewyork/PST045217). United States Census Bureau.
Retrieved March 31, 2018.
7. "Timeline of Staten Island – 1900s – Present" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060113221845/http://www.nypl.org/b
ranch/staten/history/timeline5.html). New York Public Library. Archived from the original (http://www.nypl.org/b
ranch/staten/history/timeline5.html) on January 13, 2006. Retrieved January 16, 2006.
8. Brown, Chip (January 30, 1994). "Escape From New York" (https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/30/magazine/escap
e-from-new-york.html?scp=6&sq=%22the+forgotten+borough%22+government). The New York Times. Retrieved
January 14, 2008. "Given their status as residents of "the forgotten borough" – the sorry Cinderella sister in New
York's dysfunctional family – maybe the giddiest aspect of all was the attention."
9. Buckley, Cara (October 7, 2007). "Bohemia by the Bay" (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/07/nyregion/thecity/07
hips.html?_r=2&scp=1&sq=%22the+forgotten+borough%22&oref=slogin). The New York Times. Retrieved
January 14, 2008. "Even as New York's hip young things invade and colonize neighborhoods near, far and out of
state, Staten Island has stayed stubbornly uncool. It remains the forgotten borough."
10. Editorial, Staten Island Advance (April 28, 2013). "The Borough of Parks: Inventory of protected Staten Island
parkland keeps growing" (https://www.silive.com/opinion/2013/04/the_borough_of_parks_inventory.html). silive.
Retrieved July 12, 2023.
11. "Parks You Must Visit on Staten Island" (https://www.nycgovparks.org/highlights/parks-you-must-visit-on-state
n-island). NYC Parks. July 12, 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221226114952/https://www.nycgovpa
rks.org/highlights/parks-you-must-visit-on-staten-island) from the original on December 26, 2022.
12. "The Greenest Borough" (https://freshkillspark.org/blog/the-greenest-borough). Freshkills Park. March 17, 2021.
Retrieved July 12, 2023.
13. "Staten Island Parks - The Peopling of New York City" (https://macaulay.cuny.edu/seminars/bellamy10/articles/s/
t/a/Staten_Island_Parks_55d6.html). macaulay.cuny.edu. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
14. "South Beach & FDR Boardwalk of Staten Island, NYC" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110904234534/http://ww
w.si-web.com/Recreation/SouthBeach.html). Si-web.com. Archived from the original (http://www.si-web.com/Recr
eation/SouthBeach.html) on September 4, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
15. Jackson, 1995
16. Ritchie, 1963
17. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Volumes 3–4 By American Museum of Natural
History
18. Bayles, Richard Mather (1887). History of Richmond County (Staten Island), New York (https://books.google.com/bo
oks?id=IswpAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1).
19. Ellis, Edward Robb (1966). The Epic of New York City. Old Town Books. p. 55.
20. Memories: Staten Island might well have been called Huguenot Island (http://blog.silive.com/memories_column/2
014/07/staten_island_might_well_have_been_called_huguenot_island.html). Retrieved February 11, 2018.
21. Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen (eds.), Exploring Historic Dutch New York. Museum of the City of New
York/Dover Publications, New York (2011) ISBN 978-0-486-48637-6
22. Morris pgs.188-189
23. Andrew Lipman (August 7, 2020). "Buying and Selling Staten Island" (https://web.archive.org/web/2023060507002
5/https://commonplace.online/article/buying-and-selling-staten-island/). Common Place. Archived from the
original (https://commonplace.online/article/buying-and-selling-staten-island/) on June 5, 2023.
24. "The Conference House Museum's role in shaping of American History" (https://conferencehouse.org/about/histo
ry/). March 27, 2018.
25. Chan, Sewell (February 21, 2007). "That Old Tale About S.I.? Hold On Now" (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/2
1/nyregion/21mayor.html). The New York Times.
26. CGP Grey (September 12, 2019). "The Race to Win Staten Island" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ex74x_gqT
U0). YouTube. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/Ex74x_gqTU0) from the original on
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References
▪ Kenneth T. Jackson (editor); The Encyclopedia of New York City; Yale University Press; ISBN 0-300-05536-6 (1995).
▪ John Waldman; Heartbeats in the Muck; ISBN 1-55821-720-7 The Lyons Press; (2000)
▪ Famous Staten Islanders page at the New York Public Library site: (http://www.nypl.org/branch/staten/index2.cf
m?Trg=1&d1=1391)
▪ Staten Island gets its own Tourism Website (http://www.silive.com/news/advance/index.ss�?/base/news/124895701
 7125690.xml&coll=1)
▪ "History: A timeline of Staten Island" (http://www.silive.com/guide/index.ssf/2010/04/history_staten_island.html).
Staten Island Advance. April 21, 2010.
▪ John H. Betts The Minerals of New York City (http://www.johnbetts-�ineminerals.com/jhbnyc/articles/nycminerals1.ht
m) published in Rocks & Minerals magazine, Volume 84, No. 3 pages 204–252 (2009).

Further reading
Published in the 19th century

▪ Darby, William (1834), "Richmond County" (https://archive.org/stream/newgazetteerofun01darb#page/454/mode/

2up), A new gazetteer of the United States of America (2nd ed.), Hartford: E. Hopkins
▪ Charles H. Sweetser (1868), "Seaside Resorts: Staten Island" (https://archive.org/stream/bookofsummerres00swee#
page/n433/mode/2up), Book of Summer Resorts, New York: Evening Mail O�ice, OCLC 6043819 (https://www.worl
dcat.org/oclc/6043819)
▪ John Jacob Clute (1877), Annals of Staten Island, from its discovery to the present time, New York: C. Vogt,
OL 24554570M (https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24554570M)
▪ John Disturnell, ed. (1877), "Staten Island" (https://archive.org/stream/summerresortswat00dist#page/20/mode/2u
p), Summer Resorts and Watering Places ... within �i�y miles of the city of New York, New York: J. Wiley & Sons
▪ Selden C. Judson (1886), Illustrated Sketch Book of Staten island, New York, its industries and commerce, New York:
S.C. Judson, OL 24505964M (https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24505964M)
▪ Campbell, Reau (1889), Rides and Rambles on Staten Island, New York: C.G. Crawford, OL 23330352M (https://ope
nlibrary.org/books/OL23330352M)
▪ Kobbé, Gustav (1890), Staten Island: a Guide, New York: G. Kobbé, OL 23340017M (https://openlibrary.org/books/O
L23340017M)
▪ Daniel Van Pelt (1898), Leslie's History of the Greater New York, vol. 2, New York, U.S.A: Arkell Pub. Co.,
OCLC 1850560 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1850560)
▪ chapter 20 (http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433058766324?urlappend=%3Bseq=513): Richmond, or Staten
Island: Olden Times
▪ chapter 21 (http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433058766324?urlappend=%3Bseq=537): Richmond, or Staten
Island: Present Century
▪ Trow's Business and Residential Directory of the Borough of Richmond, City of New York (https://books.google.com/
books?id=hf4vAAAAYAAJ). NY: Trow Directory, Printing & Bookbinding Co. 1899.
Published in the 20th century

▪ "Borough of Richmond" (https://archive.org/stream/appletonsdictio02unkngoog#page/n288/mode/2up), Appleton's

Dictionary of New York and Vicinity (27th ed.), Appleton, 1905
▪ Ingersoll, Ernest (1906), "Greater New York: Staten Island" (https://archive.org/stream/randmcnallycosha1906inge
#page/170/mode/2up), Rand, McNally & Co.'s Handy Guide to New York City, Brooklyn, Staten Island, and other
districts included in the enlarged city (20th ed.), Chicago: Rand, McNally, OCLC 29277709 (https://www.worldcat.or
g/oclc/29277709)
▪ Richmond Borough Association of Women Teachers. (1909), Staten Island and Staten Islanders, New York: Gra�on
Press, OL 7099909M (https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7099909M)
▪ Frank Bergen Kelley (1913), "Borough of Richmond" (https://archive.org/stream/historicalguidet00citya#page/318/
mode/2up), Historical Guide to the City of New York (2nd ed.), New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, City
History Club of New York, OCLC 4723529 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4723529)
▪ Calvin D. Van Name (1921), Staten Island: a report by the President of the Borough of Richmond to the Mayor,
OL 7117824M (https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7117824M)
▪ Federal Writers' Project (1939). "Richmond". New York City Guide. American Guide Series. NY: Random House.
hdl:2027/mdp.39015008975883 (https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015008975883?urlappend=%3Bseq=699).
▪ Bri�ault, Richard (1992). "Voting Rights, Home Rule, and Metropolitan Governance: The Secession of Staten
 Island as a Case Study in the Dilemmas of Local Self-Determination" (https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/facult
y_scholarship/15). Columbia Law Review. 92 (4): 775–850. doi:10.2307/1122970 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1122970)
. JSTOR 1122970 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/1122970).

External links
▪ Staten Island (https://web.archive.org/web/20181024122512/http://www.statenislandusa.com/) – O�ice of the
Borough President
▪ VisitStatenIsland.com (http://www.visitstatenisland.com) – O�icial Tourism Website of Staten Island
▪ Staten Island Economic Development Corp. (SIEDC) (http://www.siedc.org)
Other websites

▪ New York Public Library. Images related to Staten Island (http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchre

sult.cfm?advword=staten+island), various dates
▪ Staten Island Film Festival (http://www.si�ilmfestival.org/)
▪ Staten Island Attractions Video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R26NqEO4DCY)
▪ Online Collections Database, Staten Island Historical Society (http://statenisland.pastperfectonline.com/)
▪ StatenIsland.com (http://www.statenisland.com/), online magazine
▪ Old Staten Island (http://www.oldstatenisland.org/old-staten-island-photos.html), a comprehensive website about
Staten Island's past
▪ SILive.com (http://silive.com), online version of the Staten Island Advance daily newspaper

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