Statistics Questions for Different Tests

In [3]: from scipy.stats import norm,binom,geom

from scipy.stats import ttest_1samp # One Sample
from scipy.stats import ttest_rel # Dependent
from scipy.stats import ttest_ind # Indepedence
from scipy.stats import chi2
from scipy.stats import chisquare # Goodness of fit
from scipy.stats import chi2_contingency # Test of Independence
from scipy.stats import f_oneway
from scipy.stats import spearmanr,pearsonr

1
Suppose you have data on 150 students' exam scores, and you want to test if the distribution of scores falls within predefined categories.

The expected distribution is

30% in the "Excellent" category,

40% in the "Good" category, and
30% in the "Average" category.

Upon observation, you notice that there are:

45 students fall into the "Excellent" category,

50 students into the "Good" category, and
55 students into the "Average" category. Conduct an appropriate test to see if the distribution matches expectations at a 5% significance
level

2
Suppose you are interested in the distribution of the time spent by users on a website. You expect that:
 20% of users spend less than 5 minutes,
50% spend between 5 and 10 minutes, and
30% spend more than 10 minutes.

After collecting data from 200 users, you find that

30 users spent less than 5 minutes,

85 users spent between 5 and 10 minutes, and
85 users spent more than 10 minutes. Conduct an appropriate test to see if the distribution of browsing times matches your expectations
at a 5% significance level.

3
Given correlation coefficient between X and Y as 0.7 and covariance between the same as 73, what is variance of Y if variance of X is 25?

4
Consider the below plot for two continuous variables: Question

5
Suppose we have a mRNA data with features as Gene ‘X’ and Gene ‘Y’. By doing feature engineering you get to know that there is a correlation
between these features. Based on the correlation type, what conclusion can you make?
6
Consider the below plot for two continuous variables: Question

7
Consumer Reports publishes reviews and comparisons of products based on results from its laboratory. Data from their website gave the
following table for battery lives in hours, for samples of SmartPhones made by four different mobile companies.

Brand_A = [19.60, 18.82, 19.00, 18.45, 19.79, 19.03, 17.89, 19.42]

Brand_B = [21.10, 20.00, 20.43, 19.67, 18.99, 19.98, 20.14, 19.78]
Brand_C = [10.31, 10.02, 9.41, 9.89, 10.05, 10.52, 11.02, 10.42]
Brand_D = [17.02, 16.71, 17.78, 18.65, 15.98, 17.63, 17.00, 16.78, 16.92, 17.14]
At 5% significance level, does the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a difference in the mean battery life, among the
four brands?
Question

brands?

8
A coffee shop claims that their coffee cups contain, on average, at least 12 ounces of coffee. A random sample of 36 coffee cups showed an
average of 11.8 ounces with a standard deviation of 1.5 ounces. Conduct a test to determine if the coffee shop's claim is supported. What is
the p-value?

9
Weekly sales of shampoo bottles has an average of 1800 . A marketing company feels that this can be improved with right advertisement and
promotions.

What should the null and alternate hypothesis be, to validate their claim?

10
The weights of apples in a fruit market are normally distributed with a mean of 150 grams and a standard deviation of 20 grams. If an apple
weighs 140 grams, what is its Z-score?

11
Scientists have developed a new variety of green grams. Based on experiments conducted, it is expected to give a yield of 12.0 quintals per
hectare. To test the same, this variety of green grams was tested on 10 randomly selected farmer's fields.

The yield (quintals/hectare) was recorded as: [14.3,12.6,13.7,10.9,13.7,12.0,11.4,12.0,12.6,13.1]

With a 5% significance level, can we conclude that the average yield of this variety of green grams is more than the expected yield (12
quintals/hectare)?

12
The student hostel office at IIT Madras estimates that each student uses more than 3.5 buckets of water per day. 45 students in a certain wing
averaged 3.72 buckets of water per day.
Assume that the population standard deviation is 0.7 buckets. What is the critical sample mean for this population, assuming a critical z- value
of 1.28?

Note: The critical sample mean is defined as the mean value for which the z-score is equal to the critical value. Also, round off the final answer
to three decimal places.

13
A researcher is studying the preferences of people in a city for three different modes of transportation: car, bicycle, and public transit. The
researcher surveyed 500 individuals and found that 240 prefer cars, 160 prefer bicycles, and 100 prefer public transit. The researcher wants to
know if there is a significant difference between the observed preferences and the expected preferences based on historical data. Which
statistical test should the researcher use?

14
The average British man is 175.3 cm tall. A survey recorded the heights of 10 UK men and we want to know whether the mean of the sample is
different from the population mean.

survey_height = [177.3, 182.7, 169.6, 176.3, 180.3, 179.4, 178.5, 177.2, 181.8, 176.5]

Perform an appropriate test and choose the correct option below, that we can conclude with a 5% significance.

15
A coffee shop claims that their coffee cups contain, on average, at least 12 ounces of coffee. A random sample of 36 coffee cups showed an
average of 11.8 ounces with a standard deviation of 1.5 ounces. Conduct a Test to determine if the coffee shop's claim is supported. What is
the p-value?

16
A researcher is studying the effectiveness of three different teaching methods (Method A, Method B, and Method C) on students' test scores.
Each method is applied to a separate group of students. The researcher wants to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean test
scores between the three methods. 1. ANOVA One Way 2. Chisquared 3. T Test 4. Z Test

17
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of one-way ANOVA?

A.Homogeneity of variances
B.Normality of data
C.Independence of observations
D.Equal sample sizes

18
A fitness App claims that its users walk an average of 8,000 steps per day. A random sample of 30 users showed an average of 7,600 steps per
day with a standard deviation of 1,200 steps. Conduct a right-tailed Test at a 5% significance level to determine if the App's claim is supported.
What is the p-value?

19
Uttar Pradesh is popular for it's potato varieties. We know that the standard potato yield for the given variety is µ = 20.

A sample of potato yield from 12 different farms was collected and observed as follows:

x = [21.5, 24.5, 18.5, 17.2, 14.5, 23.2, 22.1, 20.5, 19.4, 18.1, 24.1, 18.5] Test if the potato yield from these farms is significantly higher than the
standard yield with 5% significance level.

Perform Test and choose the correct option below :

20
A market researcher is exploring the connection between age group (under 25, 25-40, over 40) and smartphone brand preference (Brand A,
Brand B, Brand C). The researcher collects data from 600 respondents and plans to perform a chi-square independence test. How many
degrees of freedom are associated with this test?

21
Samples of Body fat percentages of few gym going men and women are recorded.
men = [13.3, 6.0, 20.0, 8.0, 14.0, 19.0, 18.0, 25.0, 16.0, 24.0, 15.0, 1.0, 15.0]
women = [22.0, 16.0, 21.7, 21.0, 30.0, 26.0, 12.0, 23.2, 28.0, 23.0]
Perform an appropriate test to check if the mean body fat percentage of men and women is statistically different.

Assume the significance level to be 5%.

22
In a dataset of exam scores with a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 15, A student's Z-score is found to be -1.2. What is the critical value
for this Z-score at a 95% confidence level?

23
The Highway Administration conducts an annual survey on motor vehicles travelling on the highway. They publish their findings in Highway
Statistics, based on different types of vehicles. Independent simple random samples of cars, buses, and trucks yielded the data on number of
thousand miles driven last year.

cars = [19.9, 15.3, 2.2, 6.8, 34.2, 8.3, 12.0, 7.0, 9.5, 1.1]
buses = [1.8, 24.6, 7.2, 37.0, 7.2, 21.2, 6.5, 23.6]
trucks = [13.3, 23.0, 25.4, 15.3, 57.1, 14.5, 26.0]

We want to decide there is a difference in last year’s mean number of miles driven among cars, buses, and trucks.

At a 93% confidence level, does the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a difference in last year’s mean number of miles
driven by cars, buses, and trucks.
 24
A country has a population average height of 65 inches with a standard deviation of 2.5. A person feels people from his state are shorter. He
takes the average of 20 people and sees that it is 64.5.

At a 5% significance level (or 95% confidence level), can we conclude that people from his state are shorter, using the Test? What is the p-
value?

25
Samples of IQ scores are collected from two competing schools, as follows: school_1 = [115, 111, 112, 101, 95, 98, 100, 90, 89, 108] school_2 = [107, 103, 91, 99, 104, 98, 117, 113, 92, 96,
108, 115, 116, 88] Perform an appropriate test with a 5% significance level Check if there is any statistically significant difference in the mean IQ's of these schools.

26
When testing the independence of two categorical variables, what are the assumptions of the chi-square test?

A.Variables are continuous, and observations are dependent

B.Variables are categorical, and observations are independent
C.Variables are numerical, and observations are dependent
D.Variables are categorical, and observations are mutually exclusive

27
A researcher wants to compare the mean scores of two groups of students (Group A and Group B) in a math test. Group A consists of 25
students with a mean score of 85 and a standard deviation of 6. Group B consists of 30 students with a mean score of 82 and a standard
deviation of 5. Conduct a Test to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean scores between the two groups at a 5% level of
significance.

28
The verbal reasoning in the GRE has an average score of 150 and a standard deviation of 8.5. A coaching centre claims that their students are
better. An average of 10 people showed that students from this coaching centre have an average score of 155.

At a 5% significance level (or 95% confidence level), can we conclude that students from the coaching centre are better? Using the Test, and
compute the p-value.

29
Check whether there is a significant difference (consider a 1% significance level) in the mean height of three groups of adult people. Height is
in inches.

college_students = [71, 62, 63, 59, 67, 68, 63, 62, 66, 65, 61, 60]
athletes = [67, 68, 72, 66, 65, 69, 71, 70, 65, 64, 68]
army = [68, 67, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 69, 66, 67]

30
The Chai Point stall at Bengaluru airport estimates that each person visiting the store drinks an average of 1.7 small cups of tea.

Assume a population standard deviation of 0.5 small cups. A sample of 30 customers collected over a few days averaged 1.85 small cups of tea
per person.

Test the claim using Test at an alpha = 0.05 significance value, with a critical z-score value of ±1.96.

31
A pharmaceutical company wants to test the effectiveness of a new drug in reducing blood pressure.

They administer the drug to 15 patients and record their blood pressure before and after the treatment. Conduct a paired t-test to determine
if there is a significant difference in the mean blood pressure before and after the treatment.

The mean blood pressure before treatment was 132 mmHg with a standard deviation of 8, and after treatment, the mean blood pressure was
126 mmHg with a standard deviation of 7.
32
A national survey was conducted to obtain information on the alcohol consumption patterns of U.S. adults by marital status. A random sample
of 1772 residents, aged 18 and older, yielded the data displayed in Table below:

Test whether Marital status and alcohol consumption are associated with a 5% significance level.
33
An educational psychologist wants to investigate whether there is a significant difference in the IQ scores of boys and girls in a certain school.

They select a random sample of 40 boys and 35 girls. The mean IQ score for boys is 110 with a standard deviation of 12, and for girls, the
mean IQ score is 108 with a standard deviation of 11.

Perform an independent samples t-test to analyze if there is a significant difference in the mean IQ scores between boys and girls at a 1% level
of significance.

34
The student hostel office at IIT Madras estimates that each student uses more than 3.5 buckets of water per day. 45 students in a certain wing
averaged 3.72 buckets of water per day.

Assume that the population standard deviation is 0.7 buckets. What is the critical sample mean for this population, assuming a critical z- value
of 1.28?

Note: The critical sample mean is defined as the mean value for which the z-score is equal to the critical value. Also, round off the final answer
to three decimal places.

35
A manufacturing company is testing two different machines (Machine A and Machine B) to determine which one produces parts with a higher
mean tensile strength.

They collect samples of 20 parts from each machine. Machine A produces parts with a mean tensile strength of 75 MPa and a standard
deviation of 4, while Machine B produces parts with a mean tensile strength of 78 MPa and a standard deviation of 5.

Conduct an independent samples t-test to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean tensile strength between the two
machines.
36
Preventable chronic diseases are increasing rapidly in Native American populations, particularly diabetes. Below is a contingency table showing
the cross-classification of educational attainment and diabetic state.

At the 1% significance level, does the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that an association exists between educational level and
diabetic state for Native Americans?
37
A researcher wants to analyze whether there is a significant difference in the mean reaction times between two groups of participants
performing a cognitive task.

Group X consists of 18 participants with a mean reaction time of 320 milliseconds and a standard deviation of 25, while Group Y consists of 20
participants with a mean reaction time of 310 milliseconds and a standard deviation of 20.

Perform an independent samples t-test to determine if there is a significant difference in reaction times between the two groups.

38
A worldwide poll on religion was conducted by WIN-Gallup International and published as the document Global Index of Religiosity and
Atheism.

One question involved religious belief and educational attainme s?

At the 1% significance level, does the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that an association exists between educational level and
diabetic state for Native Americans

39
A nutritionist wants to investigate the effect of a new diet plan on weight loss.

They conduct a study with 30 participants who followed the new diet plan for 8 weeks. The mean weight loss is 5 pounds with a standard
deviation of 2.
Conduct a one-sample t-test to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean weight loss from the expected average weight loss of
4 pounds.

40
A Nationwide survey was conducted where an independent and random sample of adults residing in urban, suburban, and rural regions, were
asked a question: "Do you support or oppose requiring background checks for all gun buyers?"

The survey results are in the table below:

At the 1% significance level, does the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that there is an association between the region that an
adult resides in, and the response received from them?
40
A teacher wants to test whether there is a significant difference in the mean scores of two different teaching methods.

Method A is used for 25 students with a mean score of 75 and a standard deviation of 7, while Method B is used for 30 students with a mean
score of 78 and a standard deviation of 6.

Perform an independent samples t-test to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean scores between the two teaching methods.

41
A random sample of adults yielded the following data on age and Internet usage.
At the 1% significance level, does the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that an association exists between age and Internet usage?

42
An environmental scientist wants to compare the mean pollution levels in two cities (City X and City Y).

For City X, pollution data from 50 days shows a mean pollution level of 65 ppm with a standard deviation of 8.

For City Y, pollution data from 45 days shows a mean pollution level of 72 ppm with a standard deviation of 7.
Conduct an independent samples t-test to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean pollution levels between the two cities.

43
The U.S. Census Bureau compiles information on the money income of people by type of residence and publishes its finding in Current
Population Reports.

Independent simple random samples of people consists of following types of residences

Inside Principal Cities (IPC), Outside Principal Cities but within Metropolitan Areas (OPC), and Outside Metropolitan Areas (OMA), The Census
gave the following data on income levels
At the 5% significance level, can you conclude that the type of residence is related to income level?

44
A researcher is interested in whether there is a significant difference in the mean ages of participants who prefer different genres of music.
For rock music enthusiasts (Group R), the mean age of 25 participants is 30 years with a standard deviation of 5,

while for classical music enthusiasts (Group C), the mean age of 30 participants is 35 years with a standard deviation of 6.

Perform an independent samples t-test to analyze if there is a significant difference in the mean ages between the two groups.

45
According to a survey conducted on car owners, it was determined that

60% of owners have only one car, 28% have two cars, and 12% have three or more cars. Suppose Ram conducted his own survey and found
that

73 owners have only one car, 38 owners have two cars, and 18 owners have three or more cars. Determine whether Ram's survey supports the
original one, with a significance level of 0.05.

46
A company is testing the performance of two different computer processors (Processor A and Processor B) by measuring their processing
speed.

For Processor A, the mean processing speed is 3.2 GHz with a standard deviation of 0.5,

while for Processor B, the mean processing speed is 3.5 GHz with a standard deviation of 0.4.

Conduct an independent samples t-test to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean processing speeds between the two
processors.

47
Suppose you have a coin. You toss the coin 100 times and get 48 heads and 52 tails.

Perform a test to check whether the coin is fair or biased.

You want to determine if the coin is fair at a 5% significance level.

48
A Mobile Retail store owner is interested in the distribution of popular smartphone brands among a group of 200 people.

They expect that 30% people would prefer Brand A, 40% would prefer Brand B, and 30% would prefer Brand C.

However, upon conducting the survey of the group, and the results are as follows: 70 prefer Brand A, 80 prefer Brand B, and 50 prefer Brand C.

Conduct an appropriate test to see if the distribution of preferences matches the store owner's expectations at a 5% significance level. Choose
the correct option below:

49
"Our city is trying to improve its public transportation system. Before we invest in new vehicles, we need to know if residents prefer buses,
trains, or their own cars. We surveyed 100 people and the data is inconclusive. Can we analyze it to find a definitive answer?"

Observed Data: Bus: 30, Train: 50, Car: 20

50
Job Satisfaction vs. Department

Manager's Query: "Is job satisfaction independent of the department an employee works in?"
Observed Data: Satisfaction levels (High, Medium, Low) across two departments (Finance, Marketing) in a sample of 100 employees: | |
High | Medium | Low | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Finance | 20 | 25 | 5 | | Marketing | 10 | 15 | 25 |

51
Employee Experience vs. Productivity
 Manager's Query: "I hypothesize that there's a relationship between the number of years of experience an employee has and their
productivity score. Can we test this?"
Observed Data: Employee Experience (in years): [1, 3, 5, 7, 9], Productivity Scores: [75, 80, 85, 88, 90]

52
Sales Performance Between Two Branches

Manager's Query: "Is there a significant difference in sales performance between two of our branches?"
Observed Data: Branch A Sales: [$490k, $510k, $495k], Branch B Sales: [$545k, $555k, $550k]

53
Product Color Preference

Manager's Query: "Is there a significant preference among customers for product colors?"
Observed Data: Sample of 100 customers' preferences: Red: 40, Blue: 30, Green: 30

54
Performance of Four Suppliers

Manager's Query: "We purchase raw materials from four different suppliers. We need to know if the quality (measured by durability
score) of these materials significantly differs among the suppliers."
Observed Data: Supplier A Durability Scores: [85, 88, 87], Supplier B Durability Scores: [90, 89, 91], Supplier C Durability Scores: [86, 85,
85], Supplier D Durability Scores: [88, 87, 88]

55
Brand Loyalty vs. Age Group

Manager's Query: "Is brand loyalty independent of a customer's age group?"

 Observed Data: Loyalty levels (Loyal, Neutral, Not Loyal) across three age groups (Young, Middle-aged, Elderly) in a sample of 150
customers: | | Loyal | Neutral | Not Loyal | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Young | 25 | 15 | 10 | | Middle-aged | 20 | 10 | 20 | | Elderly | 10 | 10 | 30 |

56
Temperature vs. Ice Cream Sales

Manager's Query: "I believe that as the temperature increases, our ice cream sales also increase. Can we confirm this?"
Observed Data: Temperature (in Celsius): [20, 25, 30, 35, 40], Ice Cream Sales (in units): [50, 70, 90, 110, 130]

57
Annual CEO Salaries

Manager's Query: "Is our company's CEO's annual salary significantly different from the known average CEO salary in our industry, which
is $1 million?"

Observed Data: Our CEO's Salary: $1.2 million, Standard Deviation of CEO Salaries in the Industry: $100,000

58
Website Navigation

Manager's Query: "Do users have a distinct preference among our website's three navigation layouts?"
Observed Data: Sample of 200 users' preferences: Layout A: 70, Layout B: 65, Layout C: 65

59
Customer Loyalty Programs

Manager's Query: "Is there a significant difference in the success rates between our two customer loyalty programs?"

Observed Data: Program A Success Rates: [70%, 72%, 71%], Program B Success Rates: [75%, 76%, 74%]
60
Advertising Spend vs. Sales

Manager's Query: "I want to determine if there's a linear relationship between the amount we spend on advertising and the number of sales
we achieve."

Observed Data: Advertising Spend (in $1000s): [5, 10, 15, 20, 25], Sales (in $1000s): [50, 55, 60, 65, 70]

61
Product Lifespan

Manager's Query: "Is our product lifespan significantly different from the advertised lifespan of 4 years?"

Observed Data: Sample Lifespan Data: [3.5, 3.2, 3.1, 3.4, 3.0]

62
Online Course Completion Rates

Manager's Query: "Is our online course completion rate significantly different from the standard completion rate of 65%?"

Observed Data: Sample Completion Rates: [64, 63, 66, 62, 65]

63
Employee Efficiency in Two Departments

Manager's Query: "Is there a significant difference in the efficiency scores between the Finance and Marketing departments?"

Observed Data: Finance Efficiency Scores: [85, 86, 84], Marketing Efficiency Scores: [89, 90, 88]
64
Website Click-Through Rate

Manager's Query: "Is our website's CTR significantly different from the industry standard of 6%?"

Observed Data: Our CTR: 7%, Standard Deviation of CTRs in the Industry: 1%

65
Store Aisle Preference

Manager's Query: "Is there a distinct preference for shoppers among our store's three main aisles?"

Observed Data: Sample of 300 shopper preferences: Aisle 1: 110, Aisle 2: 90, Aisle 3: 100

66
Evaluating Teaching Methods

Manager's Query: "Our educational institution implemented three different teaching methods across classes. Do students' grades significantly
differ based on the method?"

Observed Data: Method A Student Grades: [85, 87, 88], Method B Student Grades: [90, 88, 87], Method C Student Grades: [82, 84, 83]

67
Effectiveness of Three Marketing Campaigns

Manager's Query: "Our company ran three different marketing campaigns last month. I'd like to determine if there's a significant difference in
their effectiveness."
Observed Data: Campaign A Sales Increases: [5%, 6%, 5.5%], Campaign B Sales Increases: [6.5%, 7%, 7.5%], Campaign C Sales Increases: [5.5%,
6%, 6.5%]

68
Customer Satisfaction Score

Manager's Query: "Is our customer satisfaction significantly different from the assumed industry standard of 7?"

Observed Data: Our Scores Sample: [7.3, 7.6, 7.4, 7.8, 7.2]

69
Production Efficiency

Manager's Query: "Is our factory's production efficiency significantly different from the industry standard of 85%?"

Observed Data: Our Factory Efficiency: 88%, Standard Deviation of Factory Efficiencies: 3%

70
Product Preference vs. Region

Manager's Query: "Is a customer's product preference dependent on the region they come from?"

Observed Data: Product choices (Product A, Product B, Product C) across two regions (North, South) in a sample of 200 customers:

| | Product A | Product B | Product C |

| ----- | --------- | --------- | --------- |
| North | 40 | 30 | 30 |
| South | 30 | 40 | 10 |

71
Training Workshop Effectiveness

Manager's Query: "We held three different training workshops for our employees. Is there a significant difference in their perceived
effectiveness?"

Observed Data: Workshop A Feedback Scores: [80, 81, 82], Workshop B Feedback Scores: [85, 85, 84], Workshop C Feedback Scores: [78, 79,
78]

72
Average Work Hours

Manager's Query: "Our competitor claims their employees work on average 40 hours a week. Is the average work hours of our employees
significantly different from this?"

Observed Data: Our Employees' Average Work Hours: [41, 42, 40, 43, 41]

73
Movie Genre vs. Age Group

Manager's Query: "Is a customer's movie genre preference (action, drama, comedy) dependent on their age group (young, middle-aged,
elderly)?"

Observed Data:

Action Drama Comedy

Young 40 30 30

Middle-aged 20 40 40

Elderly 30 20 50
74
Social Media Engagement Rates

Manager's Query: "Is our social media engagement rate significantly different from the industry average rate of 10%?"

Observed Data: Our Engagement Rate: 12%, Standard Deviation of Engagement Rates: 2%

75
Coffee Shop Menu Preference

Manager's Query: "Our coffee shop introduced a new menu. We want to know if customers have a distinct preference among the three types
of coffees we offer."

Observed Data: Sample of 150 customer preferences: Espresso: 60, Latte: 50, Cappuccino: 40

76
Time Spent on Apps

Manager's Query: "Do users spend a significantly different amount of time on our three mobile apps?"

Observed Data: App A Time Spent: [15, 14, 15], App B Time Spent: [12, 13, 13], App C Time Spent: [10, 9, 11]

77
Software Load Time

Manager's Query: "Does the loading time of our software significantly differ from the advertised time of 3 seconds?"

Observed Data: Sample Load Times: [3.2, 3.1, 3.3, 3.4, 3.0]
78
Employee Training Effectiveness

Manager's Query: "We introduced three different employee training modules this year. I'd like to check if their effectiveness differs."

Observed Data: Module A Feedback Scores: [80, 82, 81], Module B Feedback Scores: [85, 87, 86], Module C Feedback Scores: [78, 79, 77]

79
Store Return Rate

Manager's Query: "Our company's return rate is 4.5%. Is this significantly different from the known industry average return rate of 5%?"

Observed Data: Our Return Rate: 4.5%, Standard Deviation of Return Rates in the Industry: 1%

80
Discount Effectiveness

Manager's Query: "We ran two different discount campaigns last month. I want to know if there's a significant difference in their success."

Observed Data: Campaign A Sales: [$55k, $58k, $56k], Campaign B Sales: [$53k, $54k, $52k]

81
Attendance in Online Workshops

Manager's Query: "We provide three different online workshops. Is there a distinct preference among participants regarding which one they
attend?"

Observed Data: Sample of 400 attendees: Workshop A: 180, Workshop B: 120, Workshop C: 100
82
Website Downtime

Manager's Query: "Our website's average downtime last month was 2 hours. Is this significantly different from the industry standard of 1.5
hours?"

Observed Data: Our Downtime: 2 hours, Standard Deviation of Downtime in the Industry: 0.5 hours

83
Retail Store Customer Traffic

Manager's Query: "Our company operates two major retail stores in the city. Is there a significant difference in daily customer traffic between
these stores?"

Observed Data: Store A Daily Traffic: [350, 370, 360], Store B Daily Traffic: [320, 310, 315]

84
In-app Purchases

Manager's Query: "Do users from iOS spend significantly different amounts in in-app purchases compared to Android users?"

Observed Data: iOS Users Spendings: [$5.10, $5.20, $5.15], Android Users Spendings: [$4.90, $4.85, $4.80]

85
Social Media Followers Increase

Manager's Query: "I believe there's a relationship between the amount we invest in social media advertising and the increase in our followers
count. Can we verify this?"
Observed Data: Advertising Spend (in $1000s): [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], Followers Increase: [1000, 2100, 3200, 4300, 5500]

86
In-store vs. Online Shopping Preference

Manager's Query: "To optimize our advertising budget, we need to know if our customers prefer shopping in-store or online."

Observed Data: Sample of 250 customers' preferences: In-store: 140, Online: 110

87
Packaging Preferences

Manager's Query: "We introduced three new packaging designs for our product. I'd like to check if their preference among customers differs."

Observed Data: Design A Preferences: [6, 6.5, 6], Design B Preferences: [5, 5.5, 6], Design C Preferences: [5.5, 5.5, 5.5]

88
Breakfast Preference vs. Occupation

Manager's Query: "Do breakfast preferences (eggs, cereal, toast) depend on one's occupation (student, working professional, retired)?"

Observed Data:

Eggs Cereal Toast

Student 30 40 30

Working Professional 40 30 30

Retired 20 20 60

89
User Interface Designs

Manager's Query: "We tested three new user interface designs for our app. Do users have a significant preference?"

Observed Data: Sample of 300 user preferences: Design A: 110, Design B: 95, Design C: 95

90
Product Recall Rate

Manager's Query: "Is our new product's recall rate significantly different from the industry standard of 3%?"

Observed Data: Our Product Recall Rate: 4.5%, Standard Deviation of Recall Rates in the Industry: 1%