PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION/GE5 From LATIN communis PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION/GE5

Communication is a two-way process TWO PROCESSES OF COMMUNICATION

com-munis (common, public)

• COMMUNICATION is a process- Encoding: It is the process of turning thoughts into communication

syllable in communia is com – together,
elements it passes through process
and the rest is munia – duties. From this Decoding: It is the process of turning communication into thoughts.
• COMMUNICATION is symbolic-
etymology, one draws the sense of
Symbols are used to represent Principles of Communication
"working together." (Bulan & De Leon,
• COMMUNICATION is both a discipline
and liberation- Used to convey ideas 2002).
1. Principle of Clarity – The idea or message to be communicated should be
clear and must not contain any ambiguities.
CHAVACANO(Zamboanga)/CHABACANO(Cavite)-
2. Principle of Attention – For communication to be effective, the message
Similar to SPANISH LANGUAGE. should be able to attract the receiver’s attention.
3. Principle of Feedback –The recipient should give feedback to show
COCHE=car Por Que by Maldita became popular in Mexico whether they have understood the meaning that the sender intended to
send.
ABUELO= grandfather LANGUAGE IS DYNAMIC 4. Principle of Informality –More often the not, formal communication is more
commonly used for the transmission of messages and other information.
FEO=ugly BASIC ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION- Sender, However, formal communication may not be effective at all times. Thus,
message, channel or media, receiver, feedback and informal communication may be more suitable and effective in certain
noise or barrier situations.
5. Principle of Consistency – This principle states that the communication
and the sending party's policies, plans, and objectives should be consistent
and should not be in conflict with each other.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION 6. Principle of Timeliness – With this principle, there are proper times for
communication to be done so that it may help in the implementation of
1. VERBAL COMMUNICATION- through spoken words plans, as any delays may render the communication useless.
7. Principle of Adequacy – The information communicated should be
VERBAL MESSAGES_ sound and words adequate and complete in order for proper decisions and action plans to be
made.
• DENOTATIVE MEANING- what you will find in dictionary
• CONNOTATIVE MEANING- emotional or personal response to a word
Globalization is the term used to describe the growing interdependence of the world’s
• SLANG- Informal used in particular group economies, cultures, and populations brought about by cross-border trade in goods
2. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.
3. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Effects of Globalization on Global Communication
NON-VERBAL MESSAGES- use to express ideas and emotions without words

• TONE- Pitch, volume and inflection of voice 1. Creation of a Global Village. “Global village” is coined by theorist Marshall
• POSTURE McLuhan when distance and isolation do not matter anymore because
• EYE CONTACT (oculesics) people are connected by technology, widespread telephone and internet
access.
• GESTURES
• PROXIMITY-Distance 2. Increased Business Opportunities.
4. VISUAL COMMUNICATION 3. Fewer Cultural Barriers

The four main qualities for an effective message are simplicity, specificity, structure, and
stickiness.
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION/GE5 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION/GE5

Impact of Communication in the Society and the World In the definition of the American Psychological Association, cultural sensitivity
involves adapting one's behavior based on knowledge of the values, norms, and
beliefs of a specific cultural group.
Communication plays a significant role in the existence of human life. Science
and information technology prevail in the 21st century. Email, the Internet, phones, and
televisions are now common and make communication across countries easier, faster, Characteristics of Competent Intercultural Communicators
and more reliable than the traditional means of communication.
World Bank (2010) identifies the following traits that define a competent intercultural
1. Creates family ties. communicator:
2. Enables society to be connected.
3. Reduces distance considerably between countries, eliminating time
• flexibility and the ability to tolerate high levels of
lags. in addition to culture,
4. Transforms the world into a global village. uncertainty
other elements such
• reflectiveness or mindfulness
• open-mindedness as gender, age, social
According to Sherry Turkle, people are increasingly avoiding face-to-face • sensitivity status, and religion
conversations because they prefer the convenience and control of digital • adaptability must also be taken
communication. • ability to engage in divergent thinking (or thinking into consideration
creatively) and systems-level thinking (or thinking when communicating
The negative impact of relying too much on digital communication, according to how each one in a system or organization with others.
Turkle, is that it can lead to a lack of empathy and understanding of others. influences each other)

According to Sherry Turkle's "Connected, but Alone" excerpt, the main problem with MUST AVOID
our constant connection to technology is that it prevents us from being fully present in
our own lives. • Stereotypes and generalizations
• Challenge gender norms so we must use plural nouns and avoid pronouns.
COMMUNICATION IN INTERCULTURAL DOMAINS His or her is a acceptable
• Do not talk down
Cultural awareness involves • Be sensitive
Culture inherited ideas, beliefs, values, and
knowledge that contribute to the shared bases recognizing diverse attitudes • Be polite
of social interaction and outlooks among various
cultures, understanding that OFW undergoes Commission on Filipino Overseas (CFO) Pre-departure Orientation
acceptable definitions of intercultural there exist distinct cultural Seminar(PDOS) to avoid communication problem.
communication: viewpoints, and appreciating
these differences. COMMUNICATION IN CHINA
According to Tin-Tooney (1999), intercultural
communication happens when individuals interact, negotiate, and create meanings Greg Rodgers(2017) must know Mandarin. Might give you pencil if you swing around
while bringing in their varied cultural backgrounds. your chopstick

For some scholars, intercultural communication pertains to communication among Mclaughlin(2013) Be aware of Chinese`s desire to preserve harmony
people from different nationalities (Gydykunst, 2003).
Hierarchy When talking to superior should ask for permission first
Still, others look at intercultural communication as communication that is influenced
by different ethnicities, religions, and sexual orientations (Sipacio-Balgos, 2016).
Complements each other and toasts -Meetings are usually informal

Gifts accompanies with words of good will -Shake hands or say helo
Targeted Expressive Aids
are designed to replace or
Based on etymology,
COMMUNICATING IN KOREA augment speech. -stick to agenda the appropriate
definition for
-Generally indirect and at times verbose -Hates wasting time
communication is
-Rely less on words but keen on posture, expression and tone of voice -Expect speaker to have a loud voice working
cooperatively.
-Like Chinese they want to maintain harmony COMMUNICATING IN JAPAN
Supports for
-Indirect Communication Partners -Avoid pointing
are designed to provide
-Pausing before a response means respect and details about an individual -Use wedged hand aimed in a direction
politeness with complex
communication needs -Avoid pressing for an answer
- Smiling means feeling ashamed or
embarrassed
-Bowing is important

-Girls walk hand-in-hand while boys touch each other

-SK don’t use index finger to point something but use their whole hands
-Eye contact is necessary
LOW-CONTEXT COMMUNICATION, the information is explicit, and the receiver of the
message would likely understand the information. Americans and Germans
HIGH-CONTEXT COMMUNICATION, most of the information is implied rather than
explicit. Japanese

-Sneezing is rude Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity Guidelines

COMMUNICATING IN AMERICA 1. Admit that you do not know.

2. Develop an awareness of your views, assumptions, and beliefs and
how they are shaped by your culture. One way is to communicate with
-Address informally and by first name basis people or friends of a different culture. Appreciate and celebrate differences.
Do not find ways to beat differences; instead, respect each other’s culture.
- no titles are used unless formally introduced 3. Take an interest. Getting to know other people means opening ways of
communication by being interested in their culture.
4. Do not make judgments
-Energetic and positive 5. Once you have collected information, start to check your
assumptions. Find materials to prove your assumptions. Make sure the
facts are verifiable and your proof is sound.
-Speak in the present or imperative tense
6. Develop empathy.

-Make it work or Instant solution

 Sermons by priests and ministers, State of the Nation Address of the
President, formal speeches, or pronouncements by judges.
5. Frozen is a speech style
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION/GE5
that remains unchanged.
The tinikling dance is a cultural text as it
Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language conveys a specific meaning. Tinikling dancers
TEXT
imitate the movements of tikling, a long-
Variety refers to any variant of a language that can be sufficiently delimited from one anything that can be analyzed legged bird found in Leyte, Philippines. These
another. to have meaning. It is made of birds are known for their grace in balancing
a combination of signs that on thin grasses of rice while
convey a specific meaning. walking. Tinikling dancers show the Leytenos
1. Pidgin - These are new languages that are developed when there are admiration of the tikling’s grace by dancing
individuals who speak different languages need to communicate, but they (Philippine Information Agency, 2006;
do not share a common language (Language varieties, n.d.). The Ex. The preamble to the
Constitution or the Horowitz, 2009).
vocabulary of a pidgin comes from a lexifier or a particular language. An
example of this is West African Pidgin English. Lord’s prayer.
2. Creole – These are languages developed from a pidgin that become the
mother tongue of a community (Language varieties, n.d.). These languages CULTURAL TEXT
include the Jamaican Creole (Patois), Krio (Sierra Leone, Africa), and
Chavacano in the Philippines.
3. Regional dialect – These are languages that are spoken in a particular is a text that reflects a particular culture. It shows a specific society’s ideas, beliefs,
area of a country (Language varieties, n.d.). Several regional dialects were and behaviors (Malley & Hawkins, n.d; Tylor, 1871). Thus, the cultural text conveys
given traditional names that would give them a distinction from the standard cultural meanings.
varieties spoken in that same area. Ex. Cebuano, Ilocano, and Hiligaynon
4. Minority dialect - A variety used as a marker of identity that is generally Evaluating a text is an important skill,
with a standard variety by the members of a particular minority ethnic group The purpose of evaluating the
especially when we see, hear, and observe
(Language varieties, n.d.). Ex. African American Vernacular English in the more texts because of our easy access to effectiveness of messages is to
USA communication technology. Also, there are now identify strengths and
5. Indigenized variety - This is mainly used as a second language in former more ways to convey messages, such as weaknesses.
colonies with multilingual populations (Language varieties, n.d.) Ex. Singlish through film, memes, blurbs, and computer
(spoken in Singapore) game graphics. Lastly, texts come from
different contexts; meaning we may The three steps of evaluating an image
Register misinterpret a text if we do not consider its are visual analysis, content analysis,
contextual or cultural background. and technical quality.
According to Crystal (2003), a register is the variety of language defined by its
use in a particular social situation. Concepts to Note When Evaluating Text
Before we can evaluate text, we need to take note of the contextual aspects of a text
(Thoman & Jolls, 2003).
According to Joos (1968), there are five speech styles.

1. Sender - All texts are constructed by a person. A tree is not sending a

1. Intimate is a private speech style; that is, it only occurs between or among
close family members or individuals because the language use may not be
shared in public.
2. Casual is a speech style that is used among peers and friends; the
language used is generally jargon, slang, or vernacular.
3. Consultative is a speech style that is standard because this is the one used
by professionals in the field. Ex. Newscasting
4. Formal style is one that is used in formal settings, but in contrast to
consultative, this speech style is one-way; no slang words are allowed. Ex.
message. On the other hand, an artist can draw a tree to convey a
message.
2. Rules and Form - Texts are constructed using meaningful signs (language)
and rules of form, grammar, and other rules of communication.
3. Reception of the Audience - Different people will receive or understand a
text differently.
4. Point of View - Texts are embedded with values, ideas, and points of view.
5. Purpose - Texts are made for certain purposes. Messages are placed in the
text to inform, persuade, or entertain the receiver of the message. For
 instance, advertisements are made to convince us to buy items. Another
example would be why electoral candidates have their own social media
page: to convince voters to vote for them.
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION/GE5
The key aspects of a text that need to be evaluated include sender, rules and form, reception
of the audience point of view, and purpose
Evaluating a text is important for understanding hidden meanings, effective communication,
and avoiding misinterpretation.
Communication aids help individuals communicate effectively with people around
them
Types of Traditional Visual and Audio Media:
These aids are also called augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)
devices, which are defined as a large range of techniques that support or replace
spoken communication. These aids include gestures, signs, symbols, word boards,
communication boards and books, and voice output communication aids (VOCAs).
Different Types of Communication Aids
1. Comprehensive Expressive Aids designed to cater to the daily communication
needs of a person (Sadiq, 2017). Examples of these aids include alphabet boards,
communication boards, and books that contain multiple messages that are shown
through words, letters, symbols, and photos.
2. Targeted Expressive Aids: community request cards or object symbols to allow a
person to make basic requests, are designed for certain situations when limited 1.
message sets are needed (Sadiq, 2017).
3. Visual Supports help individuals make sense of their day, recall events, and
complete their tasks (Sadiq, 2017
4. Supports for Communication Partners “provide details about an individual with
complex communication needs, their means of communication and other routine
2.
related information that assist a communication partner to consistently support
them throughout the day” (Sadiq, 2017, para. 7). Examples are a book about me, a
personal communication dictionary, or a personal history.
Technical Aids or Assistive Technology Devices: The technical aids for communication must
allow the client to reach a significant level of independence. Regular, off-the-shelf equipment
may occasionally compensate efficiently for certain disabilities and be considered assistive 3.
technology devices, but the program does not systematically cover them.
❖ The assistive technology devices covered by PMATCOM fall into the following five
categories:
A. Speech aids are devices designed to enhance the use of natural speech.
B. Augmentative and alternative communication aids are devices designed to
replace or augment speech and are mostly used with communication software.
C. Adapted telephones are equipment or accessories that allow telephone use and
adapted phone services at home for people over 12 years (e.g., adapted
telephones with breath control tubes, adapted telephones with scanning access
software).
D. Computer access is a device or accessories that enable the functional use of the
computer for writing or communication activities. This type of technology is
booming. Regular keyboard and mouse have many alternatives, such as an
oversized keyboard, keyguards, on-screen keyboard software, and head-pointing
devices.
E. Environmental control devices allows users to control electronic or electrical
devices at home remotely (e.g., lights, TV, sound systems, etc.). These aids
improve the user's autonomy and help him stay home with few caregivers.
An example of an
Environmental Control
1. overhead transparencies Device is an adapted
2. flip chart telephone.
3. whiteboard/chalkboard
4. document camera
5. video
An example of a
6. handouts
7. sound recordings Comprehensive
Expressive Aid is an
Environmental control
device.
An alphabet board may be suitable for
people who have literacy skills. It can be explicitly designed to suit the person’s
needs, such as using either an ABC or QWERTY format, with direct access or
partner-assisted auditory scanning. A nontech option is also helpful as a backup
for individuals who may have an existing electronic communication device;
remember, batteries do not last forever!
A book about me may be suitable for people who can understand photos or
pictures but is the most useful for support workers. It contains current relevant
information about a person’s needs and abilities. It can provide support to
people with information about a person’s daily routine and how to support them
consistently with activities of daily living, such as during mealtimes. It may also
provide communication partners with information on the person’s likes and
dislikes.
A multilevel communication book allows access to an extensive vocabulary.
The first pages cover the index and will enable the user to “go to” a range of
topics. Tabs make navigating through the pages easy. Each page allows the
user to return to the index. The content may be a picture, word, or photo.
Several people also include the alphabet if they have spelling skills. The
vocabulary should be personalized to reflect the individual’s skills and interests.
 4. A personal communication dictionary is helpful for partners unfamiliar with
how a person communicates. It contains information about unique or
idiosyncratic communication behavior. It provides information about what the
person does, what this means, and what the other person should do in
response to the communication behavior seen. A gesture dictionary can also be
developed to include the signs and gestures that people understand or use to
communicate.
5. A personal history provides communication partners with information and
photos about a person's life and family history. They include past and present
skills and interests, likes and dislikes, and future aspirations and dreams. It can
be used as a conversation starter or to gain information about the person,
especially when they have difficulty expressing themselves and telling their own
story.
6. A cues book can be helpful for people who need additional information to make
sense of the “here and now” in their world. Supporting people in the
environment can provide several consistent sensory cues to the person during
their daily routines. Cues can be visual, tactile, olfactory (smell), or auditory. A
cues book helps present these cues in a user-friendly format for communication
partners to ensure that consistent signals are used to show the person that an
event or activity will occur.
✔ speak to your audience and not your media
Always Remember:
✔ 10-20-30 – 10 slides, 20 minutes, and 30 pt font size
✔ 1-6-6 – 1 main idea, 6 bullet points, and 6 words per bullet
✔ 7-7 –7 lines and 7 words
✔ 9 Ps – Prior Proper Preparation Prevents Poor Performance of the Person Putting on the
Presentation
The following are the reasons for avoiding these mistakes:
▪ Overusing display fonts will make your audience cringe; the
text is hard to read.
▪ Lengthy line spillover throws off the alignment of your slide.
▪ Using multiple random images makes your presentation look
disorganized.
▪ Formatting inconsistency distracts your audience.
▪ Slapping solid text boxes over busy images messes up the
visual flow.

Three Main Elements of an Oral Presentation:

1. the words you say The guideline that best

2. how you say them
aligns with creating
3. the visual support you provide
effective visual support
in an oral presentation
Guidelines for visual presentation: is to use a high contrast
✔ be creative but keep infographics simple; make your color s
design but keep it as simple and professional as possible;
✔ use good fonts, such as Arial, and its size should be at
least 20 pt to be read easily from a distance;
✔ use a high-contrast color scheme (e.g., black on white The element of an
or white on dark blue background); oral presentation
✔ each slide must contain one main point or message; most closely related
✔ bullet points are preferred instead of full sentences; to the clarity and
and effectiveness of
✔ use graphs and charts to present complex information verbal
but make sure to explain their relevance and significance communication is the
thoroughly.
words themselves
that the speaker
Tips for Using Presentation Media:
uses.
✔ practice with your media
✔ consider your room and audience