10

TLE
Quarter 3 – Agri-Crop Production
Module 4:
OHS Requirements in the Workplace

NegOr_Q3_Agri-CropProd10_Module4_v2
T L E– Grade 10-Agri-Crop Production
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 4: OHS Requirements in the Workplace
Second Edition, 2021

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over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Aiza M. Abingayan

Editors: Eva May L. Baguio, April Marie G. Zerna
Reviewer: Jonathan L. Bayaton
Typesetter: Aiza M. Abingayan
Layout Artist: Aiza M. Abingayan
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Joelyza M. Arcilla EdD Maricel S. Rasid
Marcelo K. Palispis EdD Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita R. Ragay EdD
Antonio B. Baguio Jr. EdD

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our
dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at
home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide
you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson
prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on
lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on
completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to
self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher
are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks
on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

i
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature of Agricultural Crop Production. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

What I Know

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if it is

wrong. Write your answers in your notebook.

___________1. Wear protective equipment to suit the task.

___________2. Understanding the risks will keep you safe.

___________3. Use mechanical aids whenever possible.

___________4. A company's compliance officer generally is in charge of

supervising and handling issues related to compliance with laws or
regulations, including making sure that the company is up to date with its
licensing requirements.

___________5. Legal, moral and financial are three key reasons for managing
health and safety.

1 NegOr_Q3_Agri-CropProd10_Module4_v2
Lesson
OHS Requirements in the
1 Workplace
Occupational health and safety (OHS) standards mandate reduction,
removal or replacement of job site hazards. OHS programs also help
minimize the effects of such hazards. Company management and employers
are obliged to provide a safe working environment for all of the employees.

OHS – Occupational Health and Safety

OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PPE – Personal Protective Equipment
HSR – Health and Safety Representative

What’s In

Directions: Answer the following guide questions in your notebook.

1. What is OHS to you?

2. How does OHS help in irrigation maintenance?
3. Does irrigation maintenance need OHS?

What’s New

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, otherwise write FALSE if it

is wrong. Write your answers in your notebook.

_________1. Occupational Health Safety is not for the safety of everybody.

_________2. The occupational health and safety require the employer to bring
about and maintain work environment that is safe and without risk.
_________3. All employees are encouraged to participate in developing,
implementing, and enforcing Health and Safety policies and procedures.
_________4. Safety and compliance are two different things. In other words,
you can be aware of OSHA standards, risks on the job, and how to prevent
accidents and injury.
_________5. A safe and healthy workplace not only protects workers from
injury and illness, it can also lower injury/illness costs, reduce absenteeism
and turnover, increase productivity and quality, and raise employee morale.

2 NegOr_Q3_Agri-CropProd10_Module4_v2
 What is It

Importance of OHS (Occupational Health and Safety) in the Workplace

Protective umbrella to ensure physical, social and mental health and safety
in work environments is essential for a company or
organization. Occupational safety and health system with effective and
efficient framework for the workforce can help minimize and prevent
workplace accidents, injuries, hazard, medical illnesses and death.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Management

Occupational health and safety (OHS) focuses on primary prevention of

hazards while dealing with employees at the workplace. The risk factors at
the workplace and several determinants of health of the workers account for
accidents, musculoskeletal and respiratory diseases, cancers, hearing loss,
circulatory and communicable diseases, stress related disorders and
others. Occupational health and safety (OHS) relates to safety, health and
welfare issues at workplace. OHS includes standards, laws
and programs aimed at improving workplace conditions for workers and co-
workers, family members, customers and other stakeholders. Improving
occupational health and safety standards ensure better brand image, good
business and higher employee morale. Occupational health and safety
address different types of workplace hazards and concerns such as
chemicals and physical hazards, biological agents, psychological fallout,
ergonomic issues and accidents.

Importance of Occupational Health and Safety Management at

Workplace

Multidisciplinary field of occupational health and safety with the goal of

occupational safety and health programs is concerned to foster a safe and
healthy work environment. The main focus of occupational health includes
promotion and maintenance of working capacity and employee health;
improvement of working environment; development of work cultures and
organizations to support health and safety; promotion of positive social
climate and smooth operation; enhanced productivity of the
organization. Occupational health and safety (OHS) standards mandate
reduction, removal or replacement of job site hazards. OHS programs also

3 NegOr_Q3_Agri-CropProd10_Module4_v2
help minimize the effects of such hazards. Occupational health and safety
considerably benefit the company; as healthy employees are guaranteed to
be more productive. Working conditions at employment in the existing
economy need to embrace important determinants of working hours, salary,
maternity policies, provisions for health promotion and protection.

The employer or supervisors acting as the representatives are legally

responsible for the safety and health of the workforce at workplace. The
common goal remains to identify hazardous materials, conditions and
practices at workplace; assist employers and workers in reducing or
eliminating the risks. With the goal to ensure that employees work
effectively, occupational health and safety targets employers and employees.

Occupational safety professionals are concerned about all workplace

hazards with emphasis on prevention of workplace fatalities and traumatic
injuries. Industrial hygienists are a source of special expertise to identify
and control hazards associated with acute or chronic exposure to chemical,
physical and biological agents. Occupational medicine physicians and
occupational health nurses are distinguished by providing clinical care
programs aimed at health protection and promotion of disease prevention.
The services provided include health screening and surveillance programs;
diagnosis, prevention and treatment of work-related injury and illness; pre-
placement and periodic return-to-work examinations; independent medical
examinations; impairment evaluations; disability and case management;
drug testing; behavioral and emotional counselling to avoid effect on job
performance. Such simple improvements can increase competitiveness,
profitability and motivates the workforce.

What are OHS requirements?

Occupational health and safety are concerned with protecting the safety,
health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The enjoyment
of these standards at the highest levels is a basic human right that should
be accessible by each and every worker.

The Occupational Health and Safety Act (85 of 1993), requires the employer
to bring about and maintain, as far as reasonably practicable, a work
environment that is safe and without risk to the health of the workers. This
means that an employer needs to ensure that the company is as compliant
to legislation as possible, to reduce injuries, remove hazards and make the
work environment safe and healthy for employees.

4 NegOr_Q3_Agri-CropProd10_Module4_v2
Occupational health should aim at: the promotion and maintenance of the
highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all
occupations; the prevention amongst workers of departures from health
caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their
employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; the placing
and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to
his physiological and psychological capabilities; and, to summarize, the
adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job.

Courtesy of makrosafe.co.za

However, it is not only the responsibility of the employer to keep the work
environment safe and healthy. Section 14 of the Occupational Health and
Safety Act (85 of 1993) states that employees need to look out for their own
safety as well as the health and safety of those around them. Health and
safety are therefore everyone's duty.

Here are 4 ways to make sure your employees follow your safety
program as intended.

1. Provide Effective Training

A strong training program should be your starting point for gaining

employee buy-in. Training is specifically required in many OSHA standards,
but that's just one reason to do it. Employees can't comply with your
programs if they don't know how, and training is the key to bridging the gap
between regulations on paper and in practice.

It's imperative that you instruct employees when they need to wear PPE,
how to wear it properly, how to inspect it, how to store and care for it, and
how to dispose of it properly. Demonstrating to employees using real
equipment and having them replicate the proper procedures will be more
effective than any lecture or video.

5 NegOr_Q3_Agri-CropProd10_Module4_v2
You should also be constantly evaluating your training's effectiveness by
assessing your employees' knowledge and observing their work practices. If
you notice gaps, that's a sign that a refresher or retraining might be in
order. It's a good idea to retrain your employees whenever new equipment,
new hazards, or new tasks are introduced to the work environment.

2. Create and Enforce Clear Policies

Effective and clearly-communicated safety policies with a matching

disciplinary program are crucial to any safety program. If your employees
don't know what's expected of them, you can't fault them for making
mistakes.

Your disciplinary policies need to be communicated and enforced

consistently. The most effective disciplinary programs tend to be
accumulative, with a first offense or a minor infraction earning a mild
consequence such as a verbal warning, while severe or repeated disregard
for safety can lead to consequences up to and including termination. Be
careful, though, that your disciplinary programs don't retaliate against
employees for reporting injuries and hazards. They should be focused on
behaviors (e.g., not wearing required PPE) rather than outcomes (e.g.,
getting injured).

3. Engage Employees

A strong safety program has open lines of communication between

employees and managers. If you only address safety through a punishment-
based model, employees may become afraid to raise safety concerns or ask
questions. They are the ones who will notice and encounter hazards before
anyone else, so if they know they can raise concerns without fear of reprisal,
your workplace will be a safer place for everyone.

4. Secure Supervisor Support

Supervisor buy-in is another critical piece of employee compliance. As the

most frequent and immediate point of contact with management,
supervisors have an enormous impact on how employees perceive the
importance of safety in the workplace. If supervisors send a message that
safety doesn't matter or don't comply themselves, employees will follow suit.

Here are some tips to help make your workplace safe.

1. Understand the risks. Once you know the particular hazards of your job
or workplace, you can take steps to reduce your risk of work-related
injury or illness.

6 NegOr_Q3_Agri-CropProd10_Module4_v2
2. Reduce workplace stress. Common causes include long hours, heavy
workload, job insecurity and conflicts with coworkers or bosses. Stress
can lead to depression, sleeping difficulties and problems with
concentration.

3. Take regular breaks. Staying fresh and alert will help you avoid injury or
burnout. Schedule the most difficult tasks of each day for times when
your concentration is best, such as first thing in the morning.

4. Avoid stooping or twisting. Use ergonomically designed furniture and

equipment, and rearrange your work area so that everything you need is
within easy reach.

5. Use mechanical aids whenever possible. Instead of trying to lift or carry a

heavy object, use a wheelbarrow, conveyor belt, crane or forklift.

6. Protect your back. If you do need to pick up and carry heavy loads, keep
the load close to your body and lift with your thigh muscles.

7. Wear protective equipment to suit the task. If worn correctly, gear such
as earplugs, earmuffs, hard hat, safety goggles, gloves or full-face mask
can dramatically reduce your risk of injury.

8. Stay sober. Alcohol and drugs are a contributing factor in around three
per cent of workplace fatalities.

9. Talk over any concerns. Your employer or human resources manager

need to be informed about hazards and risks. Your employer is legally
obliged to ensure a safe working environment.

10. Know your rights. Organizations such as Work Safe Victoria or unions
can offer information and advice on workplace safety issues.

Worker Obligations

Workers have obligations under work health and safety laws. A worker is
a person who carries out work in any capacity for a business or employer or
‘person conducting a business undertaking’

They can be:

 an employee
 a trainee, apprentice or work experience student
 a volunteer
 an outworker
 a contractor or sub-contractor
 an employee of a contractor or sub-contractor
 an employee of a labor hire company.

7 NegOr_Q3_Agri-CropProd10_Module4_v2
While at work a worker must:

 take reasonable care for their own health and safety

 take reasonable care for the health and safety of others
 comply with any reasonable instructions, policies and procedure given by
their employer, business or controller of the workplace.
 Workers can also be considered visitors under some circumstances.

Your safety responsibilities as a worker

As a worker, you must take reasonable care of yourself and not do anything
that would affect the health and safety of others at work. You must follow
any reasonable health and safety instructions from your employer. It is
important that you:

 work safely
 follow instructions
 ask if you’re not sure how to safely perform the work
 use personal protective equipment (PPE) in the way you were trained and
instructed to use it
 report injuries and unsafe and unhealthy situations to your supervisor or
to your health and safety representative (HSR).

If you work through a group training organization or labor hire agency, you
can report any work health and safety concerns to either your supervisor,
the HSR or your agency.

What’s More

Direction: True or False. Write T if the statement is true and F if the

statement is wrong. Write your answers on your notebook.

_____1. An entrepreneur takes the initiative. He assumes responsibility in

the failure or success of his business.

_____2. Nothing is permanent but change. Change occurs frequently.

_____3. Planning is a strategic thinking and a set of goal to achieve

objectives and carefully maximizing all the available resources.

_____4. Successful entrepreneurs can think quickly and make a wise

decision towards the pre-determined set of objectives.

_____5. For efficiency and quality, a good entrepreneur demands quality and
efficiency not only from himself but also from her workers and suppliers.

8 NegOr_Q3_Agri-CropProd10_Module4_v2
 What I Have Learned

Write your personal insight of what you have learned from the lesson.
Answer the question below. Write your answer in your notebook.

Why is there a need to follow the occupational health safety in the

workplace?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Direction: Write a short paragraph on OHS (Occupational Health

Safety) requirements that you practice inside your house. Write this in your
notebook.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

9 NegOr_Q3_Agri-CropProd10_Module4_v2
 Assessment

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, otherwise FALSE if it is

wrong. Write your answers in your activity notebook.
_______________1. The employer or supervisors acting as the representatives
are legally responsible for the safety and health of the workforce at
workplace.
_______________2. Industrial hygienists are a source of special expertise to
identify and control hazards associated with acute or chronic exposure to
chemical, physical and biological agents.
_______________3. Occupational medicine physicians and occupational
health nurses are distinguished by providing clinical care programs aimed
at health protection and promotion of disease prevention.
_______________4. Occupational health and safety (OHS) standards mandate
reduction, removal or replacement of job site hazards.
_______________5. OHS programs also help minimize the effects of such
hazards.

10 NegOr_Q3_Agri-CropProd10_Module4_v2
 Answer Key

T 5.
T 4.
vary. T 3.
Answers may T 2. vary.
T 1. Answers may
What’s In TRUE 5.
What’s More What I can Do TRUE 4.
T 5. TRUE 3.
vary. TRUE 2.
T 4. True 5. Answers may
T 3. TRUE 1.
True 4.
T 2. True 3. Learned Assessment
T 1. True 2. What’s I Have
False 1.
What I Know
What’s New

References
n.d. jliedu.com. Accessed January 12, 2022. https://www.jliedu.com/blog/importance-ohs-
occupational-health-safety/.
n.d. makrosafe.com. Accessed January 12, 2022.
https://www.makrosafe.co.za/blog/makrosafe-21-tips-for-health-and-safety-
compliance?cat=OHS%20Compliance%20Audit.
n.d. ohsonline.com. Accessed January 12, 2022.
https://ohsonline.com/Articles/2018/11/06/Safety-Compliance-4-Strategies-to-Get-
Your-Employees-on-Board.aspx?Page=2.
n.d. safework.nsw.gov.au. Accessed January 12, 2022.
https://www.safework.nsw.gov.au/legal-obligations/worker-obligations.

Images:
https://www.makrosafe.co.za/uploads/5d41402ab43db971xjS7Ynsf/html_blobs_media/A3-
Compliance-Poster.jpg

11 NegOr_Q3_Agri-CropProd10_Module4_v2
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net