Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ge - 1
Ge - 1
10 North America ,
Ans , New Zealands
-
The varieties
of English spoken in modern North America & Ans are not identical with the English
oftheir early colonisers.
-
populations : Amerindian
- -
1607
,
the 1st permament British
During the 17th century , English spreadto southern parts of America & the Caribbean
-
. The two
I dispersals of English :
1
.
diaspora
First :
Initially involving the large scale migration of spealeers from England , Scotland , &
Ireland predominantly to North America , Australia , & New Zealand
2 .
Second diaspora :
, Virginia , to be
followedin 1620 by a
group of Puritans a
others on the Mayflower.
The latter
-
group
landed north further
, settling
at what is now Plymouth
,
.
Massachusetts in New England
-
& East
of England (New England) : these features were not a part of the local accent.
-
During the 17th century , English spread to southern parts of America & the Carribbean
result the slave trade
as a
of .
The
Englishes among the slaves and between them
pidgin languages .
-
In the next
generation , they developed into creoles .
18th century , there was large-scale immigration Northern Ireland
-
In the
from
(Philadelphia , but quickly moving south a west). After the Declaration of American
Independence in 1776 many Loyalists (the British settlers who had supported the
,
1788-1852 : around 160, 000 convicts were transported to Australia from Britain &
Ireland
-
1820s :
large numbers of free settlers also began to arrive.
-
:
first settled by European traders though there
was
, was no
:
-
-
1070-1885 from the UK (a considerable :
proportion of Scots (
=> Mixture of dialects , this time subject to
strong Maori influence esp terms
a in
of .
vocab
South
Africa -
1650s South
:
Africa was colonised by the Dutch fromthe 1650s
1820 The British
-
:
begin to settle.
-
From 1822, when English was declared the official language , it was also learnt as a
second language by blacks & Afrikaans speakers
. The
II second disperal :
English is transported to Asia & Africa .
-
2nd diaspora took place at various points during
The the 18th & 19th centuries in very
, primarily
various coastal territories t
of Wes Africa
Gambia , Sierra Leone , Ghana, Nigeria,
& Cameroon .
There
major British settlement in the area & , instead , English was employed
was no
-
as a
lingua franca both among the indigenous population , & between these people & the
British traders. English has subsequently gained
which
official states.
-
East
Africa's .
relationship with English followed different path a
The countries
of Kenya, Uganda Tanzania , Malawi , Zambia Zimbabwe
,
& were
-
to be used
more likely English lingua franca Uganda it
as a Kenya in
,
a is in a
Tanzania .
South Pacific
influence .
Singapore> -
The use
of English has increased in Singapore aa local variety has begun to
Malaysia emerge
-
of
diasporas all underwent three similar major changes.
"English speakers Britain who happened to be living overseas"
+
from
+
Ag rowing sense separate identity , which soon extended to the flavour of
of
the lish they used
Eng
+ More non-native
English speakers in these areas learn to use English for survival
& employmentopportunities .
-
Since 1945 , most of the remaining colonies have become independent states,
with English retained functions
in order to provide various internal
often being
and/ortoServeas alinguafre .