The skeletal system includes bones, cartilages, joints, and ligaments. It is divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, and the appendicular skeleton which includes the shoulders, arms, pelvis, and legs. The skeletal system performs many functions including support, protection, movement, storage, and blood cell production. It is made up of various bone types including long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Joints are where two bones meet and allow for different degrees of movement.
The skeletal system includes bones, cartilages, joints, and ligaments. It is divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, and the appendicular skeleton which includes the shoulders, arms, pelvis, and legs. The skeletal system performs many functions including support, protection, movement, storage, and blood cell production. It is made up of various bone types including long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Joints are where two bones meet and allow for different degrees of movement.
The skeletal system includes bones, cartilages, joints, and ligaments. It is divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, and the appendicular skeleton which includes the shoulders, arms, pelvis, and legs. The skeletal system performs many functions including support, protection, movement, storage, and blood cell production. It is made up of various bone types including long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Joints are where two bones meet and allow for different degrees of movement.
The skeletal system includes bones, cartilages, joints, and ligaments. It is divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, and the appendicular skeleton which includes the shoulders, arms, pelvis, and legs. The skeletal system performs many functions including support, protection, movement, storage, and blood cell production. It is made up of various bone types including long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Joints are where two bones meet and allow for different degrees of movement.
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM • Costal Cartilage – connects the sternum and • Attached to them are the wrist bones (8
the ribs carpals)
• Includes: Bones, Cartilages, Joints (where 1. Trapezium two bones meet), and Ligaments (Bones to 3. SPINAL COLUMN (VERTEBRAL) 2. Trapezoid bones) • Composed of 26 Vertebrae and an 3. Lunate • Divided into 2 major sections: Axial Skeleton 4. Scaphoid Intervertebral disk between each vertebrae. and Appendicular Skeleton 5. Pisiform • Vertebrae: protects the spinal cord • Axial Skeleton – Skull, Vertebral • Invertebral Disk: act as a shock absorber 6. Capitate Column, thoracic cage (sternum, ribs, between each vertebra. 7. Hamate costal cartilage). 8. Triquetrum 4. RIBS (COSTAE) • Attach to wrist bones are Hand bones • Appendicular Skeleton – Arm and legs, - composed of 5 Metacarpals (palm) pelvis, shoulders • Composed of 24 ribs or 12 pairs of ribs. - 14 Phalanges (fingers and thumbs) • 7 pair of true ribs and 5 pairs of false pair. FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEN • The last 2 pairs are called the floating ribs. 3. PELVIC GIRDLE • Protects vital organs such as the heart, major • Support • Structure to which leg bones are attached. blood vessels, and the lungs. • Protection • Made up of 2 os coxae (Hip bones) • Movements *These bones are responsible for HEMATOPOESIS – - divided into 3 sections: Ilium, Ischium, • Storage production or creation of blood which takes place in Symphysis (pubis). • Blood Cell Production the bone marrow 4. LEG BONES AXIAL SKELETON APPENDICULAR SKELETON • Acetabulum (pelvic sockets) – where the leg • Forms the main trunk of the body • Forms the extremities of the body bone joins the pelvis. • Each leg consists of Femur (thigh bone) 1. SKULL 1. SHOULDER GIRDLE - In the upper leg and categorized as long • 2 sets of skull bones: Cranium (brain case) • Composed of 4 bones bone. and Facial Bone • 2 Clavicals (Collar Bones) • Pattela (knee cap) – between the upper and • Cranium (brain case) • 2 Scapulas (Shoulder Bones) lower leg - Composed of 8 bones • Where the arm bones are attached to • Lower leg composed of: Tibia (Shin Bone) - Protects the brain and Fibula (runs parallel to tibia). 2. ARM BONES • Attached to the lower leg are the 7 tarsals • Facial bone - Composed of 14 bones • Composed of 3 bones (Ankle bones) - give structure to the face • Humerus – upper bone 1. Calcaneus – ankle bone • Categorized as long bone. 2. Talus – heel bone 2. STERNUM 3. Cuboid • Radius and Ulna – lower bone • Breast Bone 4. Navicular - Connected by interosseous membrane. 5. Medial Cuneiform 6. Lateral Cuneiform 7. Intermediate Cuneiform Classification of Bones - Attached to them are the 5 metatarsals 1. Long Bones – Femuar, Tibula, Fibula - 14 Phalanges (Toes) • Heel (Calcaneus) 2. Short Bones – Carpals, Tarsals LONG BONES 3. Flat Bones – Cranial Bone, Scapulae • Are hard dense bones that provide strength, 4. Sesamoid Bones - Patella structure, and mobility (Ex. Femur) 5. Irregular Bones -Vetebrae • Long bone has a shaft (diaphysis) and 2 ends called Proximal Epiphysis and Distal Epiphysis. • Medullary Canal – in the diaphysis which is filled with yellow marrow - Endosteum – lines with medullary canal and keeps the yellow marrow in tact. • Periosteum – a tough membrane that covers outside of the bone JOINTS
• Joints are formed where two bones join
together. • Divided into 3 major categories defined by as how these joints move: 1. Diarthrosis (Synovial) – freely movable - Ex. arm sockets and ball sockets of hip and shoulders. 2. Amphiarthrosis – slightly movable - Ex. vertebrae. 3. Synarthrosis – immovable - Ex. sutures or joints in the cranium Ligaments and Cartilage - Supportive structures for the joint.