CHAPTER 03

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

CE425 - PROFESSIONAL COURSE - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN

ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL

INSTRUCTOR
ISOLATED FOOTING
Isolated or single-column footing is a square, rectangular, or circular slab of concrete that supports
an individual column. These are widely used for columns with light load and are not closely spaced.

Column

Footing
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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
INTRODUCTION
A square footing is an isolated or single-column footing with a square plan. When compared to the
other types of footings, this type is the most economical column foundations. Square footings are
provided where the soil bearing capacity is generally high and it consists of a thick slab that can be a
pad, stepped, or sloped. Sloped and Stepped footings are required to provide the necessary
development for dowels.

Pad Stepped Sloped

CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
SITUATION NO. 01
A Square Footing is proposed to be used to 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
support a 300 mm x 500 mm Reinforced RC Column PLL = 400 kN
Concrete Column Loaded with 760 kN Dead
Load and 400 kN Live Load. The bottom of 20 mm ø
RSB
footing is 1.5 m below the ground. Assume soil
weighs 18.6 kN/m3 and the allowable soil 18.6 kN/m3

1.0 m
bearing pressure is 130 kPa. The thickness of

1.50 m
footing is 500 mm. f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.
It is to be reinforced with 20 mm ø. Use 23.5 kN/ 23.5 kN/m3

0.50 m
m3 as unit weight of concrete. At ultimate
condition, U = 1.2D + 1.6L.

CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
1. What is the smallest footing size possible? RC Column PLL = 400 kN
P 20 mm ø
A=
qnet RSB

P = PDL + PLL qnet = qallow − γshs − γchc 18.6 kN/m3

1.0 m
= 760 + 400 = 130 − 18.6(1.0) − 23.5(0.5)

1.50 m
P = 1,160 kN qnet = 99.65 kPa 23.5 kN/m3

0.50 m
1,160 2 1,160
A= B = B = 3.412
99.65 99.65
Therefore, Minimum Footing Size: 3.412 m x 3.412 m B
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
2. If the footing is 3.5 m x 3.5 m, what is the RC Column PLL = 400 kN
critical factored shear force considering beam 20 mm ø
action? RSB
Pu = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL 1,552
wu =

1.0 m
= 1.2(760) + 1.6(400) 3.5

1.50 m
Pu = 1,552 kN wu = 443.429 kN/m

0.50 m
d
d = hc − Cc − 0.5db
= 500 − 75 − 0.5(20) 0.075m
wu = 443.429 kN/m
d = 415 mm 3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
2. If the footing is 3.5 m x 3.5 m, what is the RC Column PLL = 400 kN
critical factored shear force considering beam 20 mm ø
action? RSB
0.3m x 0.5m 3.5 m
RC Column Longer Longer

1.0 m
Overhang Overhang

1.50 m
1.5 m

0.50 m
3.5 m

3.5 m
1.6 m 1.6 m d = 0.415 m
1.5 m

0.075m
wu = 443.429 kN/m
3.5 m 3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
2. If the footing is 3.5 m x 3.5 m, what is the RC Column PLL = 400 kN
Shear
critical factored shear force considering beam 20 mm ø Section
action? RSB
1.185 m
ϕVc ≥ Vu
1.60 m 1.60 m

1.0 m
ϕ = 0.75 for shear Vu

1.50 m
d
Vu = wu × l

0.50 m
d = 0.415 m
= 443.429(1.185)
wu = 443.429 kN/m
0.075m
Vu = 525.463 kN wu = 443.429 kN/m
Shear Section
3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
3. What is the design one-way shear strength RC Column PLL = 400 kN
Shear
(kN) of the footing in Question No. 2. 20 mm ø Section

ϕVc ≥ Vu ϕ = 0.75 for shear RSB

1.185 m
1 1.60 m 1.60 m
ϕVc = ϕ λ f′c bwd

1.0 m
6 Vu

1.50 m
d
1
= (0.75) (1.0) 21(3,500)(415)
6

0.50 m
d = 0.415 m
ϕVc = 832.024 kN
wu = 443.429 kN/m
0.075m
832.024 kN > 525.463 kN wu = 443.429 kN/m
Shear Section
Therefore, SAFE FOR SHEAR 3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL

SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION:
NSCP 2015
422.6.4 Critical Sections for Two-way Members
422.6.4.1 For two-way shear, critical sections shall be located so that the perimeter bo is a minimum
but need not closer than d/2 to (a) and (b):
(a) Edges or corners of columns, concentrated loads, reactions areas;
(b) Changes in slab or footing thickness, such as edges of capitals, drop panels, or shear caps.

422.6.4.1.1
For square or rectangular columns, concentred loads, or reaction areas, critical sections for two-way
shear in accordance with Section 422.6.4.1 (a) and (b) shall be permitted to be de ned assuming
straight sides.
CHAPTER O3

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CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL

fi
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION:
Critical Sections for Two-way Members
P

Longer d d Longer
Overhang 2 2 Overhang
d d
2 2

ELEVATION (SECTION) PLAN

CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m 1,552 kN
4. What is the factored punching shear force in RC Column
3.5 m x 3.5 m footing? 20 mm ø
Pu 1,552 RSB
quNET = = = 126.694 kPa
A 3.5 × 3.5 1.60 m 1.60 m

1.0 m
1.50 m
422.6.2 E ective Depth
422.6.2.1 For calculation of Vc and Vs for two-way

0.50 m
shear, d shall be the average of the e ective depths d
in two orthogonal directions.
d = dave = hc − Cc − db = 500 − 75 − 20 0.075m quNET = 126.694 kPa
d = 405 mm 3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
ff
ff
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m 1,552 kN
4. What is the factored punching shear force in RC Column
3.5 m x 3.5 m footing? 20 mm ø
1,552 kN RSB
Vup = Pu − quNET(Ao) bo

500 + d = 905 mm
Pu = 1,552 kN d d 1.60 m 1.60 m

1.0 m
d d
quNET = 126.694 kPa 2 0.30 m 2

1.50 m
2 2
Ao = 0.905 × 0.705

0.50 m
Ao = 0.638 m 2 d = 405 mm

Vup = 1552 − 126.694(0.638)

300 + d 0.075m quNET = 126.694 kPa
quNET = 126.694 kPa
Vup = 1,471.166 kN 705 mm
Section Plan 3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: Table 422.6.5.2
Calculation of vc for Two-way Shear
NSCP 2015
vc
422.6.5.1 For non-prestressed two-way
members vc shall be calculated in accordance 1
with Section 422.6.5.2. For prestressed two- λ f′c (a)
way members v c shall be calculated in 3
accordance with (a) or (b):

6( β)
Least of (a), 1 2
(a) 422.6.5.2 (b), and (c):
1+ λ f′c (b)
(b) Section 422.5.5, if the conditions of Section
422.6.5.4 are satis ed

12 ( bo )
1 asd
422.6.5.2 vc shall be calculated in accordance 2+ λ f′c (c)
with Table 422.6.5.2.
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING


INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL


fi
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION:
Table 422.6.5.2
Calculation of vc for Two-way Shear
vc bo is the perimeter of critical section for two-
1 Governs most way shear in slabs and footings, mm
λ f′c (a)
3 of the time

6( β)
1 2 Compute only
β is the ratio of long side to short side of the
1+ λ f′c (b) column, concentrated load, or reaction area.
when β > 2

12 ( bo )
1 asd Compute only as is 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge
2+ λ f′c (c) a d
when s
<2 columns, and 20 for corner columns.
bo

CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING


INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL


SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION:
NSCP 2015
422.6.5.3 The value of as is 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge columns, and 20 for corner
columns.
INTERIOR COLUMN EDGE COLUMN CORNER COLUMN
bo bo

bo

as = 40 as = 30 as = 20
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
5. What is the design shear strength (kN) of the RC Column PLL = 400 kN
3.5 m x 3.5 m footing for punching? 20 mm ø
1 bo RSB
vc = λ f′c

500 + d = 905 mm
3 1.60 m 1.60 m

1.0 m
d d

6( β)

1.50 m
1 2 β>2 2 2
vc = 1+ λ f′c
1.67 < 2

0.50 m
d = 0.405 m
asd

12 ( bo )
1 asd <2 0.075m
vc = 2+ λ f′c bo 300 + d quNET = 126.694 kPa
705 mm
5.031 > 2 3.5 m
Plan
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL



SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
5. What is the design shear strength (kN) of the RC Column PLL = 400 kN
3.5 m x 3.5 m footing for punching? 20 mm ø
bo RSB
ϕVc = ϕ vcbod

500 + d = 905 mm
1.60 m 1.60 m

1.0 m
1
ϕVc = ϕ λ f′c bod

1.50 m
3
1

0.50 m
d = 0.405 m
= (0.75) (1.0) 21(3220)(405)
3
300 + d 0.075m quNET = 126.694 kPa
ϕVc = 1,494.034 kN
705 mm
Plan 3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL

SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
6. Determine the number of 20 mm ø Rebars RC Column PLL = 400 kN
Bending Section
required in the footing considering greater 20 mm ø
moment. RSB
As = ρbd Where, As = Area of Reinforcement
• The Maximum Bending 1.60 m 1.60 m 1.60 m

1.0 m
Moment, Mu

1.50 m
d
wul 2 Mu
Mu =

0.50 m
d = 0.415 m
2
2
443.429(1.6)
= wu = 443.429 kN/m 0.075m
wu = 443.429 kN/m
2
Mu = 567.589 kN ∙ m Bending Section 3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
6. Determine the number of 20 mm ø Rebars RC Column PLL = 400 kN
Bending Section
required in the footing considering greater 20 mm ø
moment. RSB
• Resistance Coe cient, Rn
Mu 567.589 × 10 6 1.60 m 1.60 m

1.0 m
Rn = = = 1.046 MPa

1.50 m
ϕbd 2 0.90(3500)(415)2 d

0.85 f′c 2Rn

0.50 m
ρ= 1− 1− d = 0.415 m
fy 0.85 f′c
0.075m
0.85(21) 2(1.046) wu = 443.429 kN/m
ρ= 1− 1− ρ = 0.0026
415 0.85 (21) 3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING


INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL

ffi
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
6. Determine the number of 20 mm ø Rebars RC Column PLL = 400 kN
Bending Section
required in the footing considering greater 20 mm ø
moment. RSB
As = ρbd = 0.0026(3500)(415) As = 3,777 mm 2
1.60 m 1.60 m
1.4 1.4

1.0 m
2
As,min = bwd = 415 (3500)(415) = 4,900 mm

1.50 m
d
fy

0.50 m
f′c 21 d = 0.415 m
2
As,min = bwd = 4(415) (3500)(415) = 4,009.75 mm
4fy 0.075m
wu = 443.429 kN/m
2
As,min = 0.002Ag = 0.002(500 × 3500) = 3,500 mm 3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL

SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
6. Determine the number of 20 mm ø Rebars RC Column PLL = 400 kN
Bending Section
required in the footing considering greater 20 mm ø
moment. RSB
As
N= 1.60 m 1.60 m
As /bar

1.0 m
1.50 m
d
4,900
=

0.50 m
314 d = 0.415 m

N = 15.605 Provide: 16-20 mm ø Bars 0.075m

wu = 443.429 kN/m
3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
7. Determine the number of 20 mm ø Rebars RC Column PLL = 400 kN
Bending Section
required in the footing considering lesser 20 mm ø
moment. RSB
As = ρbd Where, As = Area of Reinforcement
• The Maximum Bending 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m

1.0 m
Moment, Mu

1.50 m
wul 2 Mu
Mu =

0.50 m
2
2
443.429(1.5)
= wu = 443.429 kN/m 0.075m
wu = 443.429 kN/m
2
Mu = 498.858 kN ∙ m Bending Section 3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
7. Determine the number of 20 mm ø Rebars RC Column PLL = 400 kN
Bending Section
required in the footing considering lesser 20 mm ø
moment. RSB
• Resistance Coe cient, Rn
Mu 498.858 × 10 6 1.50 m 1.50 m

1.0 m
Rn = = = 1.015 MPa

1.50 m
ϕbd 2 0.90(3500)(395)2
0.85 f′c 2Rn

0.50 m
ρ= 1− 1− d = 0.395 m
fy 0.85 f′c
0.075m
0.85(21) 2(1.015) wu = 443.429 kN/m
ρ= 1− 1− ρ = 0.00252
415 0.85 (21) 3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING


INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL

ffi
SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
7. Determine the number of 20 mm ø Rebars RC Column PLL = 400 kN
Bending Section
required in the footing considering lesser 20 mm ø
moment. RSB
As = ρbd = 0.00252(3500)(395) As = 3,484 mm 2
1.50 m 1.50 m
1.4 1.4

1.0 m
2
As,min = bwd = 415 (3500)(395) = 4,663.86 mm

1.50 m
fy

0.50 m
f′c 21 d = 0.395 m
2
As,min = bwd = 4(415) (3500)(395) = 3,816.51 mm
4fy 0.075m
wu = 443.429 kN/m
2
As,min = 0.002Ag = 0.002(500 × 3500) = 3,500 mm 3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL

SITUATION NO. 01
SOLUTION: 0.3m x 0.5m PDL = 760 kN
7. Determine the number of 20 mm ø Rebars RC Column PLL = 400 kN
Bending Section
required in the footing considering lesser 20 mm ø
moment. RSB
As
N= 1.60 m 1.60 m
As /bar

1.0 m
1.50 m
4,663.86
=

0.50 m
d = 0.395 m
314
N = 14.853 Provide: 15-20 mm ø Bars 0.075m
wu = 443.429 kN/m
3.5 m
CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
 END OF PRESENTATION

CHAPTER O3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

INSTRUCTOR
CE425 - FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL