LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

Tapuac District, Dagupan City

INSTITUTE OF GRADUATE AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

NAME: UNGRIA ERICSON C. DATE: JULY 9, 2023

PRESENTER: MYLENE L. TABIN PROFESSOR: DR. ESMIE T. AGPALO

TOPIC CELL : BIOLOGY MOLECULAR

1.What is Molecular Biology?

“Molecular biology is the study of biology at a molecular level. It deals with the
interactions between various systems of the cell, including the interactions between
DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, as well as learning how these interactions are
regulated by the cell,” (Exploring Careers). Molecular biology deals with almost every
part of cellular functions, giving the field of research and work molecular biologists
can complete is extensive. Molecular biology and the people who study it are often
stereotyped to be very robotic, boring and some imagine them as people who are stuck
in a laboratory their whole lives, but this is simply just not the case.

field of molecular biology studies macromolecules and the macromolecular

mechanisms found in living things, such as the molecular nature of the gene and
its mechanisms of gene replication, mutation, and expression. Given the
fundamental importance of these macromolecular mechanisms throughout the
history of molecular biology, a philosophical focus on the concept of a mechanism
generates the clearest picture of molecular biology’s history, concepts, and case
studies utilized by philosophers of science.

2. Give the components involve in Molecular Biology

These components include DNA, the repository of genetic information; RNA, a close
relative of DNA that plays a central role in the pathway from DNA to proteins, known as
"Central Dogma" of molecular biology; and proteins, the major structural and enzymatic
component of cells.
 Central dogma. The central dogma of molecular biology is a theory stating that
genetic information flows only in one direction, from DNA, to RNA, to protein, or RNA
directly to protein.

3. What are the Common Tools/Techniques used in Molecular Biology

Molecular biology is a set of methods and techniques for studying biological

activity at a molecular level. A key area of molecular biology is understanding how
various cell systems interact. The main basis of molecular biology is to describe the
process during which DNA is transcribed into RNA and then RNA is translated into
protein.
The main techniques used in molecular biology are cloning, PCR (Polymerase Chain
Reaction), nucleic acid electrophoresis, DNA microarray analysis, in situ
hybridization (HIS), sequencing (Sanger or Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)).

Cloning is a technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things.
Genes, cells, tissues, and even whole animals can all be cloned. Some clones already
exist in nature. Single-celled organisms like bacteria make exact copies of
themselves each time they reproduce.
Polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, is a technique to make many copies of a specific
DNA region in vitro (in a test tube rather than an organism). PCR relies on a
thermostable DNA polymerase, Taq polymerase, and requires DNA primers designed
specifically for the DNA region of interest.
Nucleic acid gel electrophoresis is a molecular biology technique for the separation,
identification, and purification of DNA and RNA fragments based on size and charge.