Types of Medical Electrodes

By – J1: 11-20
Introduction to Medical Electrodes
Definition and Purpose
Medical electrodes are conductive devices used to
record or stimulate biological signals for diagnostic or
therapeutic purposes.

Evolution and Advancements

Technological advancements have led to the development of
advanced electrodes, such as wearable and flexible electrodes,
enhancing patient comfort and diagnostic accuracy.

Clinical Relevance
Medical electrodes play a vital role in various medical
procedures, offering valuable insights into patient
health and facilitating treatment decisions.

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Importance of Electrodes in Medical Diagnostics

Medical Advancements Diagnostic Accuracy Patient Monitoring

The use of advanced electrodes High-quality electrodes are essential Electrodes enable continuous
contributes to the development of for accurate recording of bioelectrical monitoring of vital signs and
innovative diagnostic tools and signals, ensuring precise diagnostic neurological activity, assisting in the
personalized medical interventions. outcomes. early detection of health issues.

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Disposable Electrodes
ECG Electrodes
Single-use electrodes for recording the electrical
activity of the heart.

EMG Electrodes
Disposable electrodes used to assess the electrical
activity produced by skeletal muscles.

EEG Electrodes
Disposable electrodes for capturing brainwave
patterns and neural activity.

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Reusable Electrodes

Hygienic Material Sustainable Design Cost-Effective

Electrodes made from materials that Long-lasting electrodes designed Economical electrodes that can be
can be easily sterilized, promoting for multiple uses, reducing used multiple times, reducing
hygiene in medical procedures. environmental impact. overall healthcare costs.

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Surface Electrodes

TENS Electrodes ECG Monitoring EMG Surface Electrodes

Surface electrodes for transcutaneous Electrodes placed on the patient's External electrodes used to measure
electrical nerve stimulation, providing skin to detect and record the muscle responses and activity during
non-invasive pain relief. electrical activity of the heart. physical assessments.
Intracavitary Electrodes
Intracardiac Electrodes
Specialized electrodes inserted directly into the heart
chambers for diagnostic testing and treatment.

Bladder Electrodes
Electrodes designed for placement within the bladder
for urodynamic studies and assessments.

Intracranial Electrodes
Electrodes placed inside the skull for monitoring brain
activity, often used in epilepsy evaluations.

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Needle Electrodes

EMG Needle Probes Biopsy Needles

Needle electrodes used to directly assess muscle Needle electrodes designed for tissue sampling and
electrical activity deep within the muscle tissue. diagnostic procedures, commonly used in healthcare
settings.

Acupuncture Needles
Needle electrodes employed in traditional Chinese
medicine and acupuncture therapies for various health
conditions.
Patch Electrodes
Holter Monitor Patches
Patches with integrated electrodes for prolonged ECG
monitoring outside the hospital setting.

Pain Patch Electrodes

Adhesive electrodes used in transdermal pain relief
therapies, targeted to specific pain areas.

Wearable ECG Patches

Electrode patches designed for continuous ECG
monitoring in mobile and remote healthcare
applications.

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Intramuscular Electrodes

Motor Point Electrodes Deep Muscle Stimulation Fine-Wire Electrodes

Electrodes placed at specific Electrodes inserted directly into Needle electrodes used for precise
muscle motor points for targeted muscles for detailed assessment of capturing of muscle activity, often
electromyographic evaluation. muscle function and activity. in research and diagnostic studies.

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EEG Cap Electrodes

Sleep Study Caps Multi-Sensor Cap Neurofeedback Electrodes

Caps equipped with electrodes for Cap with integrated electrodes for Cap electrodes used in neurofeedback
sleep studies, enabling the comprehensive EEG measurements, training to monitor and regulate
assessment of brain activity during ensuring accurate brainwave data brainwave patterns for therapeutic
sleep cycles. collection. purposes.
Subdermal Electrodes
Subdermal ECG Leads
Implantable electrodes placed under the skin for
continuous ECG monitoring, suitable for long-term
cardiac monitoring.

Implantable EMG Electrodes

Electrodes inserted below the skin for continuous
electromyography in chronic muscle activity
monitoring.

Subcutaneous EEG Sensors

Implantable electrodes used for continuous brainwave
monitoring in neurology and epilepsy management.

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Wet Electrodes

Moisture-Sensitive Electrodes Compatibility with Gels

Electrodes designed to maintain stable electrical Electrodes optimized for use with conductive gels,
contact on the skin through the use of conductive gels ensuring reliable electrical signal transmission in
or solutions. medical diagnostics.

Hydrogel Electrode Pads

Electrode pads incorporating hydrogels for maximum
skin contact and minimized impedance during ECG
and EEG measurements.
Electrodes for Electroencephalography (EEG)

Wet Dry Solid-gel

Traditional wet Ag/AgCl Active dry single gold Passive dry solid-gel
electrodes pin-based electrodes based
(BP Gold) and hybrid electrodes (BP Solid)
dry multiple spikes-
based
electrodes (Quasar)
Applications of EEG Electrodes
Brain Activity Monitoring
EEG electrodes are used to monitor brain wave
patterns, facilitating the diagnosis of neurological
disorders and brain activity research.

Seizure Detection
EEG electrodes play a crucial role in detecting and
identifying seizure activities, assisting in timely
medical interventions.

Sleep Studies
Electrodes help in evaluating sleep patterns and
identifying sleep-related abnormalities, contributing to
the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders.

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Types of EEG Electrodes

Conventional Electrodes Dry Electrodes

Traditional EEG electrodes involve direct contact with Innovative dry electrodes eliminate the need for
the scalp and require conductive gel for signal conductive gel, enhancing user comfort and
transmission. simplifying electrode application.

Cap-Based Systems
EEG cap electrodes offer convenient multi-channel
recording, providing comprehensive insights into brain
electrical activity.
Electrodes for Electrocardiography (ECG)

self-adhesive pads with a conducting gel in

the center. They are connected to an ECG
machine by lead wires to measure, interpret,
and print out the electrical
activity of the heart.

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Role of ECG Electrodes in Cardiac Monitoring

Cardiac Health Monitoring Electrical Signal Recording Heart Rate Analysis

Continuous ECG monitoring with ECG electrodes capture the heart's Accurate electrode placement is
electrodes aids in the early detection electrical activity, supporting the crucial for precise heart rate
of cardiac irregularities and timely diagnosis and monitoring of cardiac measurement and analyzing the
intervention in critical situations. conditions and rhythm abnormalities. heart's electrical conduction system.

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Characteristics of ECG Electrodes

Compatibility and Durability Adhesive Quality Conductive Materials

Effective ECG electrodes are designed High-quality ECG electrodes feature The composition of ECG electrodes
for compatibility with various ECG skin-friendly adhesives to ensure includes conductive materials that
machines and long-term use without secure attachment without causing facilitate efficient signal transmission
signal deterioration. skin irritation or discomfort. and recording accuracy.
Electrodes for Electromyography (EMG)
Types of Needle electrodes used
in EMG

Mono-polar single electrodes

Single-fiber EMG electrodes

Concentric-EMG electrodes

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Significance of EMG Electrodes in Muscle Activity
Monitoring
Muscle Function Evaluation
EMG electrodes assist in evaluating muscle function,
identifying abnormalities, and developing targeted
rehabilitation strategies for improved muscular health.
Nerve Conduction Studies
EMG electrodes are crucial for conducting nerve
conduction studies, aiding in the diagnosis of nerve
damage and related neuromuscular conditions.

Rehabilitation Monitoring
Continuous EMG monitoring supports the assessment
of muscle rehabilitation progress and guides
therapeutic interventions for optimal recovery.
Varieties of EMG Electrodes
Surface Electrodes
Surface EMG electrodes are non-invasive and suitable
for muscle activity monitoring during dynamic
movements and functional evaluations.

Needle Electrodes
Invasive needle electrodes offer precise localization of
muscle activity, making them ideal for diagnostic and
therapeutic procedures.

Disposable Sensors
Disposable EMG sensors provide convenient and
hygienic options for short-term muscle activity
assessments and diagnostic testing.

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 Thank You
From Sec:J roll no.:11-20
11- Atharva Kulkarni
12- Atharva Tiple
13- Ayush Sarodey
14- Ayush Sarate
15- Deep Zade
16- Devarsh Parshuramkar
17- Dhanashree Mungliwar
18- Gourav Kadam
19- Harshada Surkar
20- Harshita Joshi