Introduction GIS

Software and
Coordinate Systems
Computational and RIVAN AJI WAHYU DYAN SYAFITRI
Communication
Planning Transportation and Spatial Analysis Laboratory
Department of Urban and Regional Planning
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
 Introduction GIS software
Interface ArcMap

Interface ArcGlobe
ArcGIS Desktop is a software developed by ESRI.inc
• Is the software with the most common use in various countries.
• Rich of feature
• Vector file .shapefile (.shp) was developed with ArcGIS
• Only compatible with windows
• Using python language for analysis customization
• Visual graphics are low Interface ArcScene

There are 3 types:

• ArcMap (perform 2D spatial analysis)
• ArcScene (creating 3D animations and visuals)
• ArcGlobe (makes the map from a globe perspective)

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 Interface ArcGISpro

ArcGISpro is an advanced version of the entire software bundle on

the ArcGIS desktop (ArcMap, ArcScene, ArcGlobe).
• Is a focuses platform that is being developed by ESRI
• Integrated features with ArcGIS Online (WebGIS)
• Only compatible with Windows
• Using python language for analysis customization
• Premium Graphic Visuals
• More complete analysis features than desktop ArcGIS

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Quantum GIS (QGIS) is an open source GIS software developed by
OSGeo (Open Source Geospatial Foundation).
• Supports Linux, Unix, Mac OSX, Windows and Android.
Interface QGIS
• Most developed because it is open source
• Quite a lot of features and tools
• Premium visual quality graphics
• Using python language for analysis customization

Collaborates with several other GIS soft ware platforms

• NextGIS
• GrassGIS
• OpenGIS
• Open Street Map
• ARTOGISTS
• WIGeoGIS
• ect
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Another GIS Software
New Issues

Ect…

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 Coordinate System

Definition

• The coordinate system is "a number that is

used to indicate the location of a point, line,
surface or space." Location information is
determined based on the coordinate system,
which includes datums and map projections.

• A datum is a collection of parameters and

control points whose geometric relationships
are known, either through measurements or
calculations.

• A map projection system is a system

designed to represent the surface of a curved
plane or spheroid (eg the earth) on a flat
plane.

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Coordinate Systems
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is
1. System of Latitude (lintang) – Longitude (bujur) / Geographic
a reference framework that defines the Coordinate System (GCS)
locations of features on a model of the
earth. It’s shaped like a globe—
spherical. Its units are angular, usually
degrees.

A projected coordinate system

(PCS) is flat. It contains a GCS, but it
converts that GCS into a flat surface,
using math (the projection algorithm)
and other parameters. Its units are
linear, most commonly in meters.

the earth is divided into 360 parts, each part is worth 1°, and 0°
is in Greenwich, England, Aljazair, Spanyol, France, Mali, and
Ghana. Besides that, the equator (khatulistiwa) is also 0°
longitude which divides the two regions (meridian)

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 Coordinate Systems Datum

The shape of the earth is not like a ball but

How if the region is devided by several UTM? an ellipsoid, but close to a spheroid

2. UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) / Projected

Coordinate System (PCS)

The earth is then divided into several zones, between 1 to 60 with units of meters. In
the coordinate system the earth will be divided into two parts, above the equator as
the northern part with the symbol (N) and in the southern part of the equator with
the symbol (S)
• For the Coordinate System in Indonesia, the Geographic Coordinate System
WGS1984 (WGS84 /EPSG:4326) is most suitable
• For a Projection of one province or smaller the most suitable is the WGS84 UTM For each spheroid, the difference
Projection. between its major and minor axes is
less than 0.34 percent.

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Datum Map Projection

Datum used in Indonesia

• Indonesian Datum 1974 (ID-74)
• Indonesian Datum 1995 (DGN-95)
• World Geodetic System -1984 (WGS84)

Globe is a simplified PETA merupakan bidang

representation of the datar, kelebihan:
shape of the earth from a • Mudah dibawa
spheroid shape. • Mudah untuk
Weakness: pengukuran planimetrik
• Difficult to carry • Memiliki skala
• Difficult to observe
• Hard to measure
with planimetric
(distance, area, and
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 Map Projection

“projected” imaginer ray

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 Map Projection Function

Mercator (Silinder) Orthographics

Miller (Silinder) Robinson