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Active Learning Guide 1St Edition Heuvelen Solutions Manual Full Chapter PDF
Active Learning Guide 1St Edition Heuvelen Solutions Manual Full Chapter PDF
EQUIPMENT
□ Electroscope
□ Foam insulation tubeabout I-m long (insulating material that slips over pipes; these are
available in most hardware stores)
□ Fur
□ Small glass beaker or clear plastic cup
□ Small metal cup
15.1.1 Represent and reason Imagine two pointlike charged objects of mass m, and m, that have
electric charges q and q,, respectively. Complete the table that follows and analyze the objects' gravi•
tational and electrostatic interactions using the filled cells as hints.
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15.1.2 Reason Think of a mechanism by which the Earth attracts objects without touching them.
Historically, there were two answers to this question. It was originally thought that the Earth magically
acts across empty space to pull on a distant object. This is an action-at-a-distance picture. Later, it
was recognized that the Earth creates a gravitational field filling the surrounding space, and it is this
field that exerts forces on nearby objects that are immersed in it. However, these objects are not nec•
essary for the field to exist; they just tell us that the field is present because their motion changes
when they are placed in the field. Because of these changes, an observer can say that the field is pres•
ent. Thus sometimes these objects are called test objects. The strength of this field at a particular
location depends on the mass of the Earth and on that location relative to the Earth. As you saw in
Activity 15.1.1, there are many similarities between the gravitational and electric-charge interactions.
Discuss whether a field mechanism could explain electric interactions. To help you, visualize a large
charged object and think about its interaction with another charged object in these two different ways:
an action-at-a-distance and a field interaction.
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d. Discuss whether a system that includes the Earth and a test object possesses gravitational potential energy. Discuss
whether a system that includes the source-charged object and the test-charged object possesses electric potential
energy. Does each energy depend on the magnitude of the source mass or the test mass? On the source charge or
the test charge?
test charge q,es, at that point. Then measure or calculate the electric forces that other electrically
charged objects exert on it, find the sum of these electric forces, and divide it by the magnitude
of the test charge.
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15.2.2 Reason The definition of E field is an operational definition of a new physical quantity. An
operational definition is a statement that tells you what to do to find the value of a quantity. Examine
the definition and answer the questions below.
a. Why is the test charge included in the definition if the electric field is present even ifthere is no test charge?
c. Do you get the same result for the electric field at a point if you use a negative test charge as when using a positive test
charge? Explain. If it is okay to use a negative test charge, why is it more convenient to use a positive test charge than a
negative test charge to determine the E field at a point?
The figure below shows three electrically charged objects held in place. The central object has
charge 2q, and the objects on the left and right each have charge +q. To qualitatively estimate
the direction and relative magnitude of the E field created by these three charged objects at posi•
tion A, follow the steps in the order presented in the illustration.
1. Imagine placing a small, positively charged test object
at point A. Then draw an arrow in the direction of the
electric force that the object with charge q exerts on
2. Repeat for the other two charge objects (q and q).
the test object. This arrow points in the direction of
Make the electric field arrow the appropriate relative the E field created by charged object q, at this point.
lengths-proportional to the force of the charge on the
We call it E,, the field at A due to charge qt.
test charge at A. For this problem, charged object q is
the farthest from point A, and its magnitude is smaller
than the magnitude of object q; thus the length of
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the field arrow due to q, should be the smallest.
Charged object q is the closest and the largest. The
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length of the field arrow due to q should be the
longest.
E, (due to 02)
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q= +q 92=2q
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3. After finding the field at point A due to each of the
three charged objects, add the fields graphically to
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estimate the net field.
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15.2.3 Represent and reason Use the➔ method described in the Reasoning Skills box to estimate
•
the direction and the magnitude of the E field at points A, B, and C in the figure that follows.
•
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15.2.5 Reason Use the analogy between the electric field and B
•
the gravitational field to estimate the Earth's gravitational A
field g at the points shown in the figure.
a. What would you choose as the source-mass object? What would you use $%%
as the test-mass object?
c. Discuss how the magnitude and direction of the g field are related to the acceleration of free-falling objects placed at
these points.
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15-10 CHAPTER FIFTEEN ELECTRIC FIELDS
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KARAVAANI
DE PROFUNDIS
NÄKY KADULTA
Se etäisille retkilleen
läks siivin kuulumattomin,
niin häikäisevän valkoisin —
ja palas pesälleen.
Ja hiljaisesti valittain
lens valkosiipi povestain,
se lensi eikä levännyt —
ja poissa on se nyt.
HÄMÄHÄKKI
— Mut sitten, aurinko, kun ylle pääni, tään rotkon ylle sytyt,
silmäs näkee mun, niin huutaa lahonneiden luiden ääni: Täss'
olen — poikas sun!
ERÄS IN MEMORIAM