Modal Auxiliary Verbs - May Might

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TOPIC : Modal Auxiliary Verb (Formation-Use-Structure)
Must +BFV (Obligation) Present/Future
Vs
Must + BFV (Logical Conclusion) Present
 Compare these sentences:
 You are getting weak day by day. You must eat a lot. (Obligation)
 You are getting fat day by day. You must eat a lot. (Logic)
 You always fail. You must work hard. (Obligation)
 You always get 1st position. You must work hard. (Logic)
 Students are not satisfied with Sir Jibran. He must know how to teach. (Obligation)
 Sir Haseeb has been teaching for 20 years. He must know how to teach. (Logic)
Compare: (Future)
 She must come tomorrow. (Obligation)
 She will definitely come tomorrow. (Logic)
 MUST + BFV in Obligation:

When "must" is used in conjunction with a base form verb (BFV) to express obligation, it emphasizes the
necessity or requirement of performing a specific action. It is often used to convey a sense of duty, rules, or
external expectations.
Examples:
 You must submit your assignment by tomorrow.
 Employees must follow the safety protocols.
 We must complete the project before the deadline.
 Students must attend all the required classes.
 He must apologize for his behavior.
 MUSTN’T + BFV: (PROHIBITED/UNLAWFUL/NOT ALLOWED)

Examples:
 You mustn’t smoke here. (You are at Petrol.)
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Page 1 of 8
 You mustn’t make a noise here. (You are in a library.)
 Must + BFV in Logical Conclusion:

When "must" is used with a base form verb (BFV) to form a logical conclusion, it suggests a strong inference or
deduction based on available evidence or information. It indicates a high degree of probability or certainty.
Examples:
 The road is closed, so there must be some problem.
 He hasn't eaten all day, so he must be hungry.
 The car won't start, so there must be a problem with the battery.
 She has received a promotion, so she must work honestly.
 Sir Haseeb always talks about Sara. He must like her.
In summary, "must" + BFV in obligation emphasizes the necessity or requirement to perform an action based on
rules or expectations, while "must" + BFV in logical conclusion indicates a strong inference or deduction based
on available evidence or information.
 Must + BFV (95 % Sure)  Can’t + BFV (99% Sure)(Logically
Impossible)
 She doesn’t talk me. She can’t like you.
 Ali is not talking to Sara. He can’t know her.
 Sir Haseeb is not taking class right now. He can’t have an internet connection.
 Sara always get late. She can’t have a car.
 Ali always fails. He can’t work hard.

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Degree of Certainty:
 May/Might + BFV: We use May (50% Sure)/Might (30%) + BFV to talk
about “Weak Degree of certainty” in Present & Future.
For Instance:
 She may become a successful entrepreneur in the future.
 The train may arrive on time despite the heavy traffic.
 We may go on a vacation to Europe next year.
 It may snow tomorrow, so be prepared for icy roads.
 The price of the stock may increase significantly.
 He may receive a scholarship for his outstanding academic performance.
 The new restaurant may become the talk of the town.
 The movie may be a blockbuster hit at the box office.
 I may try a new recipe for dinner tonight.
 The team may win the championship if they play their best.
 The company may expand its operations to international markets.
 They may launch a new product line in the near future.
 He may receive a promotion for his hard work and dedication.
 The technology may revolutionize the way we communicate.
 We may witness a beautiful sunset if the weather clears up.
 The experiment may yield groundbreaking results in the field of science.
 She may pursue a career in acting or singing.
 She might join us for dinner if her schedule allows.
 The bus might arrive late due to heavy traffic.
 We might go hiking this weekend, weather permitting.
 It might be a good idea to take an umbrella, as it could rain later.
 They might visit their relatives during the holidays.
 The project might be completed ahead of schedule if everything goes smoothly.
 He might try a new hobby to explore his interests.
 The meeting might be rescheduled due to a conflict in the schedule.
 The team might win the championship if they play their best game.
 I might take a different route to avoid the construction on the highway.
 The package might get delivered by the end of the day.
 She might start her own business in the future.
 The new restaurant might become a popular dining spot in town.
 They might organize a charity event to support a cause.
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 The price of the stock might decrease in the coming weeks.
 Maybe + Tense (Adverb) Vs May be (Modal + BFV)

 Maybe = Perhaps = Probably = Possibly
 Maybe she is tired after a long day at work.  She may be tired after a long day at work.
 Maybe the weather is sunny tomorrow.  The weather may be sunny tomorrow.
 Maybe he is a talented musician.  He may be a talented musician.
 Maybe the solution to the problem is simple.  The solution to the problem may be simple.
 Maybe they are good friends.  They may be good friends.
 Maybe the key to success is perseverance.  The key to success may be perseverance.
 Maybe the answer is in the textbook.  The answer may be in the textbook.
 Maybe it is a great opportunity for growth.  It may be a great opportunity for growth.
 Maybe the reason for his absence is illness.  The reason for his absence may be illness.
 Maybe the outcome of the game is uncertain.  The outcome of the game may be uncertain.
 Maybe she plays the piano as a hobby.  She may play the piano as a hobby.
 Maybe they eat dinner together every evening.  They may eat dinner together every evening.
 Maybe it rains occasionally in that area.  It may rain occasionally in that area.
 Maybe we have a family movie night on Fridays.  We may have a family movie night on fridays.
 Maybe she reads a book before going to bed.  She may read a book before going to bed.
 Maybe they practice yoga for relaxation.  They may practice yoga for relaxation.
 Maybe it takes about an hour to commute to work.  It may take about an hour to commute to work.
 Maybe we go hiking on weekends.  We may go hiking on weekends.
 Maybe she doesn't play any musical instruments.  She may not play any musical instruments.
 Maybe he doesn't like spending time outdoors.  He may not like spending time outdoors.
 Maybe they don't cook dinner at home often.  They may not cook dinner at home often.
 Maybe it doesn't rain frequently in that region.  It may not rain frequently in that region.
 Maybe we don't have a regular exercise routine.  We may not have a regular exercise routine.
 Maybe she doesn't enjoy watching TV.  She may not enjoy watching TV.
 Maybe they don't meditate for stress relief.  They may not meditate for stress relief.

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 Maybe we don't go swimming in the nearby lake.  We may not go swimming in the nearby lake.
 Exercise: Fill in the blanks with Can/Could + BFV.

 Present Ability: Can + BFV
1. She _____ speak French fluently.
2. They _____ solve complex coding problems.
3. He _____ play the guitar with skill.
4. We _____ swim long distances without getting tired.
5. I _____ cook a variety of international cuisines.
6. The cat _____ climb trees effortlessly.
7. My friend _____ juggle multiple balls at once.
8. She _____ run a marathon in under three hours.
9. They _____ dance salsa with grace.
10. I _____ speak in public confidently.
11. He _____ do handstands for a long time.
12. We _____ paint beautiful landscapes.
13. The dog _____ catch a Frisbee in mid-air.
14. She _____ program computer software proficiently.
15. They _____ play chess strategically.
16. I _____ play the piano by ear.
17. He _____ fix cars and perform basic maintenance.
18. We _____ knit intricate patterns and designs.
19. The bird _____ mimic human voices accurately.
20. She _____ navigate through the city without a map.
21. Past Ability: Could + BFV
1. She _____ speak four languages fluently when she was younger.
2. They _____ solve complex math problems in high school.
3. He _____ swim across the river when he was a teenager.
4. We _____ cook elaborate meals for special occasions in the past.
5. I _____ run a marathon in my prime.
6. The cat _____ catch birds easily in its youth.
7. My grandfather _____ play the violin professionally in his heyday.
8. She _____ do gymnastics and perform flips as a child.
9. They _____ build impressive sandcastles on the beach during vacations.
10. I _____ navigate through the wilderness using a compass and map in the past.
11. He _____ do magic tricks and entertain friends at parties.
12. We _____ paint portraits and landscapes as a hobby in the past.
13. The dog _____ fetch a ball and bring it back reliably.
14. She _____ program basic computer games during her college years.

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15. They _____ play basketball competitively in high school.
16. I _____ play the saxophone proficiently when I was younger.
17. He _____ fix motorcycles and perform repairs in his previous job.
18. We _____ knit sweaters and scarves for family and friends in the past.
19. The bird _____ imitate various sounds and songs in its early years.
 Obligation : Must + BFV

1. I have an important meeting tomorrow; I _____ prepare my presentation.
2. The doctor told me to take these pills three times a day; I _____ follow the dosage instructions.
3. The school bus is about to arrive; you _____ get ready and leave for school.
4. The deadline for the project is approaching; we _____ complete it on time.
5. The sign says "No Smoking"; you _____ extinguish your cigarette.
6. The teacher assigned us a homework assignment; we _____ submit it by Friday.
7. We have a flight to catch early in the morning; we _____ pack our bags tonight.
8. The company policy states that employee’s _____ wear proper safety gear in the workplace.
9. The contract clearly states that the payment _____ be made within 30 days.
10. It's getting late, and you have an early morning tomorrow; you _____ go to bed now.
11. The sign says "Turn off all electronic devices"; passengers _____ comply with the instruction.
12. The traffic light is red; drivers _____ come to a complete stop.
13. The event starts at 7:00 PM; attendees _____ arrive on time.
14. The teacher gave us a list of books to read for the assignment; we _____ choose one from the list.
15. The manager sent an email requesting a progress report; we _____ provide the report by the end of the
day.
 Logical Conclusion: Must + BFV

1. The food smells delicious; it _____ be ready to serve.
2. The traffic is at a standstill; there _____ be an accident up ahead.
3. The computer is displaying an error message; there _____ be a problem with the software.
4. The kids are wearing raincoats; it _____ be raining outside.
5. The teacher is writing on the board; the class _____ be in session.
6. The plants are wilting; they _____ need water.

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7. The dog is wagging its tail; it _____ be happy to see you.
8. The street is blocked off; there _____ be a parade today.
9. The TV is on, but there's no sound; the volume _____ be muted.
10. The temperature is dropping rapidly; it _____ be getting colder outside.
11. The phone is ringing non-stop; there _____ be an emergency.
12. The room is filled with balloons; there _____ be a celebration happening.
13. The dog is scratching the door; it _____ need to go outside.
14. The light is flickering; the bulb _____ need to be replaced.
 Degree of certainty : May/Might + BFV

1. He hasn't replied to my email; he _____ be on vacation.
2. He hasn't studied much for the exam; he _____ not do well.
3. He is studying hard for the test; he _____ do well.

4. I heard a strange noise in the kitchen; there _____ be a mouse.
5. She hasn't finished her work yet; she _____ need more time.
6. She hasn't responded to my message yet; she _____ be busy.
7. She is wearing a winter coat; it _____ be cold outside.

8. The baby is crying; he _____ be hungry.
9. The batteries are dead; the remote control _____ not work.
10. The bus is running late; we _____ miss our connecting train.
11. The car is running out of gas; we _____ need to find a gas station.
12. The car won't start; there _____ be a problem with the battery.
13. The computer froze; it _____ need to be restarted.

14. The computer is making strange noises; it _____ have a virus.
15. The dog is barking; there _____ be someone at the door.

16. The flight is delayed; we _____ have to reschedule our connecting flight.
17. The internet is down; we _____ not be able to connect.

18. The movie has received positive reviews; it _____ be worth watching.
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19. The phone battery is low; it _____ die soon.
20. The phone is ringing; it _____ be an important call.

21. The price of the stock has been increasing steadily; it _____ continue to rise.
22. The traffic is heavy; we _____ arrive late to the party.

23. The traffic is light; we _____ arrive early to the party.

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FAST TRACK SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE

01 HOUR GRAMMAR | 01 HOUR SPOKEN

 MUST + BFV in Obligation:

 MUSTN’T + BFV: (PROHIBITED/UNLAWFUL/NOT ALLOWED)

SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE |SKH IELTS|PTE ONLINE PREPARATION

 Must + BFV in Logical Conclusion:

SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE |SKH IELTS|PTE ONLINE PREPARATION

 Maybe + Tense (Adverb) Vs May be (Modal + BFV)

SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE |SKH IELTS|PTE ONLINE PREPARATION

 Exercise: Fill in the blanks with Can/Could + BFV.

SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE |SKH IELTS|PTE ONLINE PREPARATION

 Obligation : Must + BFV

 Logical Conclusion: Must + BFV

SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE |SKH IELTS|PTE ONLINE PREPARATION

 Degree of certainty : May/Might + BFV

3. He is studying hard for the test; he _____ do well.

7. She is wearing a winter coat; it _____ be cold outside.

13. The computer froze; it _____ need to be restarted.

15. The dog is barking; there _____ be someone at the door.

17. The internet is down; we _____ not be able to connect.

20. The phone is ringing; it _____ be an important call.

22. The traffic is heavy; we _____ arrive late to the party.

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