Name: _______________________________________________

Revision 1 yr11

Date:

Time:

Total marks available:

Total marks achieved: ______

Questions
Q1.

When ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas mix, they react together to form a white solid called
ammonium chloride.
The equation for the reaction is:
NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s)
A cotton wool pad was soaked in ammonia solution and another was soaked in hydrogen chloride
solution. The two pads were then put into opposite ends of a dry glass tube at the same time.
After five minutes, a white ring of solid ammonium chloride formed.

(a) (i) What name is given to the movement of the two gases?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Identify which gas is moving faster and give a reason for your choice.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(b) The experiment was repeated at a higher temperature.
State and explain how this change would affect the time taken for the white ring to form.
(3)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(c) Gas particles move at a speed of several hundred metres per second at room temperature.
Suggest one reason why it took five minutes for the white ring to form.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question = 6 marks)
Q2.

Atoms contain three different types of particle.

These are electrons, neutrons and protons.

(a) Which one of the three particles has a negative charge?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................

(b) Which one of the three particles has the smallest mass?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................

(c) Use words from the box to complete the sentences below.
Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

(i) Atoms are neutral because they contain equal numbers of

.................................................................... and ....................................................................
(1)

(ii) Isotopes are atoms with the same number of ....................................................................

but different numbers of .................................................................... in the nucleus.
(2)

(d) An atom of magnesium can be represented by the symbol

Use numbers to complete these statements about this atom.
(i) The atomic number of this atom is ................................
(1)
(ii) The mass number of this atom is ................................
(1)
(iii) The electronic configuration of this atom is ................................
(1)

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q3.

(a) Complete the table to show the relative mass and relative charge of a proton, a neutron and an
electron.
(4)

(b) The symbol for an atom of one isotope of hydrogen is

(i) State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in one atom of this isotope.
(2)
Number of protons ................................................................
Number of neutrons ................................................................
Number of electron ................................................................
(ii) What is meant by the term isotopes?
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(c) Bromine has two naturally-occurring isotopes with mass numbers 79 and 81.
A sample of bromine contained the two isotopes in the following proportions:
bromine-79 = 50.7% and bromine-81 = 49.3%
Use this information to calculate the relative atomic mass of bromine.
Give your answer to two decimal places.
(2)

(Total for Question = 10 marks)

Q4.

Distress flares are used to attract attention in an emergency. The flares contain magnesium, which burns
with a bright, white flame to form magnesium oxide.

(a) The reaction between magnesium and oxygen is exothermic.

What is meant by the term exothermic?

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The diagram shows the electronic configuration of a magnesium atom.

Put a cross in a box to indicate the diagram that shows the electronic configuration of an oxygen atom.
(1)

(c) Magnesium ions and oxide ions are formed when magnesium reacts with oxygen.

The diagram shows the electronic configuration and charge of a magnesium ion.

Put a cross in a box to indicate the diagram that shows the electronic configuration and charge of an
oxide ion.
(1)
(d) A major use of magnesium oxide is as a refractory material, which is a material that can withstand
very high temperatures.

Explain, in terms of its structure and bonding, why magnesium oxide has a very high melting point.
(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(e) Magnesium oxide is also used as an antacid. It helps relieve indigestion by neutralising hydrochloric
acid in the stomach.

Give the name and formula of the salt produced when magnesium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid.
(2)

Name

.............................................................................................................................................

Formula

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for Question = 9 marks)

Q5.

The diagram shows how the electrons are arranged in an atom of oxygen.

Oxygen atoms form both covalent and ionic bonds.

(a) Water is formed when two atoms of hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen.
(i) Draw a dot and cross diagram of a molecule of water. You need only show the electrons in the
outer shells.
(2)

(ii) Explain how the covalent bonds in the water molecule hold the hydrogen and oxygen atoms
together.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(b) The electronic configuration of a sodium atom is 2.8.1
Sodium oxide, Na2O, is an ionic compound formed when sodium reacts with oxygen.
(i) Describe, in terms of electrons, what happens when sodium oxide is formed in this reaction.
(3)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(ii) The reaction of sodium to form sodium oxide can be described as oxidation because it involves the
addition of
oxygen.
State one other reason why this reaction can be described as oxidation.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(c) Explain why water has a much lower melting point than sodium oxide.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(d) A teacher added sodium oxide to water in a beaker.
The equation shows the reaction that occurred.
Na2O(........) + H2O(........) → 2NaOH(........)
(i) Insert the appropriate state symbols in this equation.
(2)
(ii) Some universal indicator was then added to the beaker. A colour change occurred. State the final
colour of the
universal indicator and identify the ion responsible for the colour change.
(2)
Final colour
........................................................................................................................................................................
........
Ion responsible for colour change
..............................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question = 14 marks)
Q6.

(a) Crystals of hydrated zinc sulfate, ZnSO4.xH2O, contain water of crystallisation.

A student used the apparatus shown to remove and collect the water of crystallisation from the
crystals in order to find the value of x.
He weighed the empty tube A.
He placed a sample of hydrated zinc sulfate crystals in tube A and reweighed it.
He heated the tube, allowed it to cool and weighed it again.
He repeated this process until two consecutive masses were the same. This is known as 'heating to
constant mass'.

When hydrated zinc sulfate crystals are heated gently, they decompose according to the following
equation:
ZnSO4.xH2O → ZnSO4 + xH2O
The following masses were recorded:

(i) Calculate the mass of ZnSO4 formed after heating to constant mass.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Calculate the mass of water collected after heating to constant mass.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
(iii) The relative formula mass of ZnSO4 is 161
The relative formula mass of water is 18
Use this information, and your answers to (a)(i) and (a)(ii), to calculate the value of x in the formula
ZnSO4.xH2O
Show your working.
(3)

x = ....................................................
(b) Why is it necessary to heat the crystals to constant mass?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(c) Describe how the student could use a chemical test to show that the liquid collected was water.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question = 8 marks)
Q7.

Magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. The equation for the reaction is

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

(a) 0.0960 g of magnesium was added to 25.0 cm3 of 0.400 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid.

(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of magnesium used.

(2)

amount of magnesium = ........................................................... mol

(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of HCl in the 25.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid.
(2)

amount of HCl = ........................................................... mol

(b) Use your answers from (a) to determine which of the reactants is in excess.

Show your reasoning.

(2)

The reactant in excess is

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for Question = 6 marks)

Q8.

Tungsten is a useful metal. It has the chemical symbol W.

(a) One method of extracting tungsten involves heating a tungsten compound (WO3) with hydrogen.

(i) Suggest the chemical name of WO3

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Balance the equation for the reaction between WO3 and hydrogen.
(1)

WO3 + ............................H2 → ............................W + ............................H2O

(iii) Why is this reaction described as reduction?

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Scheelite is an ore of tungsten.

The main compound in scheelite has the percentage composition by mass Ca = 13.9%, W = 63.9%, O =
22.2%.

Calculate the empirical formula of this compound.

(3)

empirical formula = ...........................................................

(c) Tungsten can also be obtained by reacting tungsten fluoride with hydrogen.

The equation for this reaction is

 WF6 + 3H2 → W + 6HF

(i) In an experiment, a chemist used 59.6 g of tungsten fluoride.

What is the maximum mass of tungsten he could obtain from 59.6 g of tungsten fluoride?

Relative formula mass of tungsten fluoride = 298

(2)

maximum mass = ........................................................... g

(ii) Starting with a different mass of tungsten fluoride, he calculates that the mass of tungsten formed
should be 52.0 g. In his experiment he actually obtains 47.5 g of tungsten.

What is the percentage yield of tungsten in this experiment?

(2)

percentage yield = ........................................................... %

(Total for Question = 10 marks)

Q9.

A student uses this apparatus to determine the volume of one mole of carbon dioxide gas.

This is the student's method.

• a solid lump of sodium carbonate of mass 0.53 g is placed into the conical flask
• an excess of dilute nitric acid is added and the bung is put in place
• when all of the sodium carbonate has reacted, the volume of carbon dioxide collected is measured

The equation for the reaction is

Na2CO3 + 2HNO3 → 2NaNO3 + H2O + CO2

(a) (i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of sodium carbonate that reacts.
[Mr : Na2CO3 = 106]
(2)

amount of sodium carbonate = ......................................................... mol

(ii) The volume of carbon dioxide collected is 110 cm3.

Use this information and your answer to (a)(i) to calculate the volume, in cm3, of one mole of carbon
dioxide.
(2)

volume of one mole of carbon dioxide = ............................................... cm3

(b) The correct value for the volume of one mole of carbon dioxide, under the conditions used in the
experiment, is 24000 cm3.
Suggest two reasons why the volume calculated from the experiment is less than the correct value.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
2 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q10.

Diamond and graphite are two naturally-occurring forms of carbon.

The diagrams below show the arrangement of the carbon atoms in diamond and in
graphite. The black dots (•) represent carbon atoms.

(a) Name the type of structure in diamond and explain, in terms of its bonding, why
diamond has a high melting point.
(4)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain, in terms of its structure, why graphite can act as a lubricant.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................

(c) The structure of graphite has one feature in common with that of metals. This
feature allows graphite to conduct electricity.

Suggest what this feature is and why it allows graphite to conduct electricity.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................

(d) In 1985, a new form of carbon was discovered. It was called buckminsterfullerene
after the architect Buckminster Fuller, who designed buildings with complex
geometric shapes.

Buckminsterfullerene (C60) has a simple molecular structure containing 60 carbon

atoms per molecule. It looks a little bit like a football.
 Suggest why buckminsterfullerene has a much lower melting point than diamond.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q11.

The table shows the names of some common pieces of laboratory apparatus used to make
measurements.

(a) Complete the table to show the name of the quantity that can be measured by each piece of
apparatus, and a common unit used for that quantity. One example of each has been done for you.
(6)

(b) Which piece of apparatus is needed to make measurements in a paper chromatography experiment?
(1)
A balance

B gas syringe

C ruler

D stop clock

(Total for question = 7 marks)

Mark Scheme
Q1.
Q2.

Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.

Q9.

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q10.
Q11.