When embarking on a research project, one of the critical components is the literature review.

This
section provides a comprehensive overview of existing scholarly works relevant to the topic under
investigation. Crafting a literature review can be a daunting task, requiring meticulous attention to
detail and a thorough understanding of the subject matter.

One of the challenges of writing a literature review is the extensive amount of research required.
Scouring through numerous academic journals, books, and other sources to identify relevant
literature demands both time and patience. Furthermore, synthesizing this information into a
coherent narrative that provides context for the research can be complex.

Another difficulty lies in critically analyzing the literature. It's not merely about summarizing existing
studies but also evaluating their methodologies, findings, and contributions to the field. This requires
a keen analytical mind and the ability to identify gaps in the literature that the current research aims
to address.

Moreover, organizing the literature review in a logical and structured manner is crucial. It involves
categorizing the literature based on themes, theories, or methodologies and presenting it in a way that
demonstrates the progression of ideas and arguments.

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If you are not sure of the required word limit, you should not hesitate to seek clarification from your
professor or examiner. Making it the most accurate and reliable proofreading tool for students. The
funders had no role in the preparation of the manuscript. The only difference here between a
“chronological” and a “thematic” approach is what is emphasized the most: the development of the
harpoon or the harpoon technology.But more authentic thematic reviews tend to break away from
chronological order. You dust off a novel and a book of poetry, settle down in your chair, and get
ready to issue a “thumbs up” or “thumbs down” as you leaf through the pages. “Literature review”
done. What types of sources should I review (books, journal articles, websites; scholarly versus
popular sources)? 3. The same can be said with job performance as perceived by employers in terms
of attitudes and values, skills and competencies, and knowledge. The bibliography is often first
looked at to see how the author engaged with the literature, and subject experts can quickly see if
you have missed someone’s work. What other sections you include in the body is up to you.
However, it is important to remember that a literature review outline is slightly different from
outlines of other types of essays because it does not provide new information. The introduction
should clearly establish the focus and purpose of the literature review. You create a thesis, support it
using valid sources, and formulate systematic ideas surrounding it. Approaches to writing the review
writing the review some notes. Tip: If you ?nd that each paragraph begins with a researcher's name,
it might indicate that, instead of evaluating and comparing the research literature from an analytical
point of view, you have simply described what research has been done. You might argue for the
relevance of a specific theoretical approach, or combine various theoretical concepts to create a
framework for your research. This also means you will not be writing the literature review at any one
time, but constantly working on it before, during, and after your study is complete. Next, you need
to log all the articles in your reference manager, build your own catalogue of literature and
synthesise all the research. I usually recommend Mendeley for this purpose (see the Mendeley 101
video below), but you can use whichever software you’re comfortable with. Based on your reading
and notes, you can look for: Trends and patterns (in theory, method or results): do certain approaches
become more or less popular over time. Radiol Artif Intell 3:e210097 Lambin P, Leijenaar RTH,
Deist TM et al (2017) Radiomics: the bridge between medical imaging and personalized medicine.
Or, does is merely add more of the same thing being said. A literature review discusses published
information in a particular subject area, and sometimes information in a particular subject area within
a certain time period. Every field uses a different style of literature review. Narrow the Topic The
narrower your topic, the easier it will be to limit the number of sources you need to read in order to
obtain a good survey of relevant resources. Have you ever struggled with finding the topic for an
RRL in different subjects. In contrast, studies which included participants with all stages of
dementia (i.e. including people with severe dementia) reported response rates ranging from 0 to
100%, with many under 75% or not reported. Make sure the sources you use are credible, and make
sure you read any landmark studies and major theories in your field of research. Then tighten it up
and submit it to your supervisor. The aim of the review was to consider how the administration of
standardised, self-report measures with people with dementia is reported in NIHR monographs and
what can be learnt from this about the feasibility and acceptability of data collection approaches for
future studies. I have an amazing supervisor but one also knows they are super busy.
Using national survey data, Davis et al. (2015) tested the assertion that “an apple a day keeps the
doctor away” and did not find statistically significant evidence to support this hypothesis. Examples
of article summaries Let’s take a look at an example. Use Caution When Paraphrasing When
paraphrasing a source that is not your own, be sure to represent the author's information or opinions
accurately and in your own words. No association was found between apple consumption and
hospital stays or mental health service use. I use the colonial difference - a space that offers critical
insights and interpretation - to illustrate how coloniality remains hidden under the cloak of
modernity. Conclusions Through this review we identified both variation in levels of missing data
and gaps in reporting which make it difficult to ascertain the reasons for this variation. Have a look
at this article for more input on how to compile a stand-alone review article that is insightful and
helpful for other researchers in your field. Some people do this in a word document, others use index
cards so they can shuffle them. You can reach out to the subject librarian for a consultation. In
contrast, studies which included participants with all stages of dementia (i.e. including people with
severe dementia) reported response rates ranging from 0 to 100%, with many under 75% or not
reported. A summary or an outline is a succinct account of all informational highlights from essential
sources, whereas synthesis is the restructuring or rearrangement of the material to guide the
dissertation’s plan of exploring the research subject. As you’re working through your treasure chest,
it’s essential that you simultaneously start organising the information. The theoretical literature
review helps to establish what theories already exist, the relationships between them, to what degree
the existing theories have been investigated, and to develop new hypotheses to be tested. The
narrative review’s purpose is to identify commonalities, gaps, and contradictions in the literature. The
full spectrum of ethical issues in dementia research: findings of a systematic qualitative review. If
this is not going beyond the requirements of writing a sample of literature review, why not. However,
particularly in the social sciences, thinking about research problems from multiple vectors is a key
strategy for finding new solutions to a problem or gaining a new perspective. However, sometimes
you may need to add additional sections that are necessary for your study, but do not fit in the
organizational strategy of the body. The protocol is created following whatever guideline you select.
Have you written a stellar literature review you care to share for teaching purposes. Third, there are
the perceptions, conclusions, opinion, and interpretations that are shared informally among scholars
that become part of the body of epistemological traditions within the field. Because a field is
constantly being updated by new work, you can show where your research fits into this context and
explain developments and trends in research. Rather, you can take the pieces that other researchers
have cut out and put them together to build a framework on which to hang your own “books”—that
is, your own study methods, results, and conclusions. Response rates, measure completeness and
dementia progression Table 1 illustrates that response rates (that is, the proportion of participants to
complete each measure at each timepoint) varied considerably between studies, even where studies
had similar designs. Evidence Syntheses and Systematic Reviews: Overview A statistical technique
for combining the findings from disparate quantitative studies, may stand alone or be part of a
systematic review: Searches results from multiple studies on a specific research question; may
include unpublished studies: Yes: Yes: Quantitative synthesis; numerical analysis of measures of
effect: Narrative literature review What makes an online consumer review trustworthy. In a scientific
article, there are some easy questions you can ask to identify the key points in each part. What types
of publications am I using (e.g., journals, books, government documents, popular media). At this
workflow stage, you can use all of the knowledge you've gained from us to build your own outline.
Below are the general guidelines on which this part is usually based. A relevant review of the
literature (RRL) is an objective, concise, critical summary of published research literature relevant to
a topic being researched in an article.
Read and evaluate the sources and to determine their suitability to the understanding of topic at
hand see the Evaluating sources section. This article provides pertinent information on how to
review related literature effectively. Rule 6: Be Critical and Consistent Reviewing the literature is
not stamp collecting. Was the research funded by a source that could influence the findings. Based
on these results, the authors conclude that an apple a day does not keep the doctor away, but it may
keep the pharmacist away. Even when paraphrasing an author’s work, you still must provide a
citation to that work. V. Common Mistakes to Avoid These are the most common mistakes made in
reviewing social science research literature. Literature reviews introducing research articles The
literature review found at the beginning of a journal article is used to introduce research related to
the specific study and is found in the Introduction section, usually near the end. The authors of
scholarly journals are scholars, researchers, and subject experts. I’m delighted coming to know you
even before the commencement of my dissertation which hopefully is expected in not more than six
months from now. In essence, a literature review is more than just a summary of previously done
research since, in addition to establishing the strengths and weaknesses of a subject, it also conveys
to the reader the established ideas and knowledge on a particular topic. But most articles and essays
will be structured around a series of sub-points or themes. For example, compared to 1991, in 2008
three, eight, and forty times more papers were indexed in Web of Science on malaria, obesity, and
biodiversity, respectively. Plenty of information mentioned years ago remains relevant, so it’s better
not to miss it. The type of information you choose to mention should relate directly to the research
problem, whether it is thematic, methodological, or chronological. These hacks help you understand
how to prepare your literature research correctly, avoiding numerous common mistakes. Step 4:
Identify Relationships, Key Ideas, and Gaps Before you can move on to outlining and writing your
literature review, the final step is determining the relationships between the studies that already exist.
Those that were included in this chapter helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and
similar to the present study. Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer
reviewed. Updated on December 1, 2021 Professors across various disciplines require their students
to write literature reviews, which are collections of authoritative sources on particular topics. What
other sections you include in the body is up to you. You can do this by assessing the citation count of
any given article in Google Scholar. The contents of a literature review (RRL) are determined by
many factors, including its precise purpose in the article, the degree of consensus with a given theory
or tension between competing theories, the length of the article, the number of previous studies
existing in the given field, etc. You should always look at examples from your own discipline and
talk to professors or mentors in your field to be sure you understand your discipline’s conventions,
for literature reviews as well as for any other genre. If you need help with assessing the credibility of
any article, or with finding relevant research in general, you can chat with one of our Research
Specialists. However, if you are writing a review in the humanities, history, or social sciences, a
survey of the history of the literature may be what is needed, because what is important is how
perspectives have changed through the years or within a certain time period. If you find gaps or
conflicts in existing literature, you can also discuss these in your review, and if applicable. They were
also categorized as either avoiding or not avoiding the use of healthcare services in the past year.
Structure of a Literature Review How to structure a literature review: Like many other types of
academic writing, a literature review follows a typical intro-body-conclusion style with 5 paragraphs
overall. Unluckily, most students have a short concentration span, which makes it difficult for them
to gather adequate information for their literature review. Does the work ultimately contribute in any
significant way to an understanding of the subject? II.
The views of participants and reflections of study teams Occasionally a report included a few lines
about why participants did not attempt to complete assessments. Individualizing standardized tests:
physiotherapists’ and occupational therapists’ test practices in a geriatric setting. Check the abstracts
to make sure they are relevant to your topic. In the case of a literature review, you are the creating a
new forest, which you will build by using the trees you educational in the literature you read. They
involve gathering, analyzing, and evaluating existing knowledge about a topic in order to find gaps
in the literature where future studies will be needed. Chronology (this method will give the worst
impression, use only if it really makes sense to your topic!) (University of Wisconsin, 2006) MS 640:
Introduction to Biomedical Information 21. By showcasing the various methods used to portray the
MOP, the writer can compare them based on things like severity, ethicality, and overall impact. Yet
Another Writing Tip When Do I Know I Can Stop Looking and Move On. Finally, narrow into your
own project and research. There are numerous ways to find relevant literature, but I’ll cover my top
four tactics here. Use the bibliographies and references of research studies you find to locate others.
On the same note, we always want to be entertained, which makes us lose our attention to come up
with quality academic papers. The topic of your literature review could be in the form of a research
question or a field that you would wish to explore further. The median (interquartile range) sample
size of included patient cohorts was 63 (157). Overall very little information was given about the
circumstances or activities that took place during data collection encounters. This study aims to fill
this gap by using a grounded theory approach based on 38. Understand what exactly you would like
to say, and structure the source comparison accordingly. 3. Avoid Generalizations Remember that
each piece of literature will approach the MOP from a different angle. When filling in the grid, the
aim is to draw out key aspects of each research paper. The focus of a literature review, however, is to
summarize and synthesize the arguments and ideas of others without adding new contributions. As
you’re doing your research, create an annotated bibliography ( see our page on the this type of
document ). Doing Your Literature Review: Traditional and Systematic Techniques. Be Selective
Select only the most important points in each source to highlight in the review. Studies were
included if they examined consumers’ preference for food naturalness and contained empirical data.
Literature reviews can include materials such as scholarly articles, books, government reports, etc.
Informed consent Informed consent was not required because this work represents a scoping review
of existing literature. The review forms an important chapter in a thesis where its purpose is to
provide the background to and justification for the research undertaken bruce 1994. Literature
reviews provide you with a handy guide to a particular topic. Using national survey data, Davis et al.
(2015) tested the assertion that “an apple a day keeps the doctor away” and did not find statistically
significant evidence to support this hypothesis. Test your knowledge of english with this quick quiz.
Pro Tip: When you finally find a few valid publications, take a look at their bibliographies to
discover other relevant sources as well.
Sources of scholarly information can be found in academic journal articles, books, conference
proceedings, and theses and dissertations. To help you check whether the information is factual or
not, you may need to verify it against other authoritative sources. 2. Authority Check the authors'
backgrounds. Because of differences in how we extract data from sources and what information is
relevant, the analysis within and structure of our Literature Reviews will vary. KB read and
reviewed two studies to quality check data extraction. It is advisable then to reformulate such quotes
with your own words in the final draft. In other words, a literature review is a synthesis (more on
synthesis below) of many articles and other published materials on a certain research topic. Second
are the reviews of those studies that summarize and offer new interpretations built from and often
extending beyond the primary studies. The findings in the academic paper are based on in-depth
analysis and stated methodology. It is the chapter in which you analyse critically published works
theoretical articles and research studies related to your problem statement and research questions.
These models are grounded in well-established physical laws and incorporate the latest scientific
understanding of climate-related processes (Shuckburgh, 2013). During the evaluation stage, you are
making judgements on the themes presented in the research articles that you have read. The
bibliography or reference section of sources you've already read, such as required readings in the
course syllabus, are also excellent entry points into your own research. Contradictions may include
some disagreement concerning the theories and outcomes of a study. Failing to understand the
reasons behind missing data has implications for future successful data collection and appraisal of the
appropriateness of measures. The Role of Family and Social Network Support in Mental Health. It
should include a new interpretation of the existing body of work: a synthesis of the information. The
purpose is to develop a body of literature that establishes a contrarian viewpoint. If you are writing
the literature review section of a dissertation or research paper, you will search for literature related
to your research problem and questions. If the text is a scientific paper that follows a standard
empirical structure, it is probably already organized into clearly marked sections, usually including an
introduction, methods, results, and discussion. Keep in mind that UNC Libraries have research
guides and to databases relevant to many fields of study. Best practices for developing and
validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer. Thomas HMT, Hippe DS,
Forouzannezhad P et al (2022) Radiation and immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated pneumonitis
risk stratification in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: role of functional lung
radiomics. Literature Review Example In the video below, we unpack an actual literature review so
that you can see how all the core components come together in reality. Ask your professor questions
such as: “If you had to read only one book from the 90’s on topic X, what would it be?” Questions
such as this help you to find and determine quickly the most seminal pieces in the field. Be Selective
Select only the most important points in each source to highlight in the review. Search the library
catalog or PubMed from within RefWorks Best for books or when you have a list of citations 4. But
there is relatively no continuity among subjects here. Using national survey data, Davis et al. (2015)
tested the assertion that “an apple a day keeps the doctor away” and did not find statistically
significant evidence to support this hypothesis. This approach should only be followed if a clear path
of research building on previous research can be identified and that these trends follow a clear
chronological order of development. These hacks help you understand how to prepare your literature
research correctly, avoiding numerous common mistakes.
Hart, Chris. Doing a Literature Review: Releasing the Social Science Research Imagination. Some
short quotes here and there are okay, though, if you want to emphasize a point, or if what the author
said just cannot be rewritten in your own words. The best way to assess this is to ask them to explain
the chapter back to you. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. 7
Writing a Literature Review Hundreds of original investigation research articles on health science
topics are published each year. Your literature review should be guided by your central research
question. Stancanelli, P. Weisberg, and X. Xu for insights and discussions, and to P. Bourne, T.
Matoni, and D. Smith for helpful comments on a previous draft. Finally, narrow into your own
project and research. It is likely that there would be a trade-off between the amount of tailoring of
support practically achievable in a study and the number of measures used, with implications for the
time and other resources required. Now, as you know about the general rules and have a basic
literature review outline template, let's define the steps to take to handle this task right with our
service: Step 1: Identifying the Topic This is probably the only matter you may approach differently
depending on whether your literature review comes within a research paper or a separate assignment
altogether. Do not use extensive quotes as a substitute for using your own words in reviewing the
literature. This includes scholarly articles, books, conventions, conferences, dissertations, and
theses—these and any other academic work related to your area of study is called “the literature.”
Step 3: Analyze the network of information that extends or responds to the major works in your
area; select the material that is most useful. The journals library was established in 1997, initially only
covering the journal Health Technology Assessment, but by the date the searches were conducted the
library comprised five NIHR open-access journals. Read our website accessibility and
accommodation statement. If UW students are going to succeed in business and higher education,
they need to first understand the importance of time management. Dementia specific quality of life
measures like DEMQOL and QOL-AD were designed to do this, but the results of this review call
into question the appropriateness of using even current dementia specific measures without
additional support for some participants with dementia. For professionals, they are useful reports that
keep them up to date with what is current in the field. But how is a literature review different from
an academic research paper. Roughly how many sources would be appropriate to include? 2. As you
write, make sure to follow these tips: Summarise and synthesise: give an overview of the main
points of each source and combine them into a coherent whole. Other types of articles may not be
explicitly divided into sections. A competent proofreader who understands academic writing
conventions and the specific style guides used by academic journals will ensure that your paper is
ready for publication in your target journal. Scholarly journals also have references cited in footnotes
or bibliographies. The Literature Review: A Few Tips On Conducting It. You don’t need to cut each
piece by yourself from scratch. It can investigate the impact of social media on relationships between
adolescents or the role of social networks on immigrants’ acculturation. ?? You can find some more
ideas below. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice. For both stand-alone
and embedded Literature Reviews, you will need to select the most effective way to organize your
material. To help you come up with an overall organizational framework for your review, consider the
following scenario: You’ve decided to focus your literature review on materials dealing with sperm
whales. Assessing the contribution of papers that have just appeared is particularly challenging,
because there is little perspective with which to gauge their significance and impact on further
research and society. Literature Review Sample 1 Literature Review Sample 2 Literature Review
Sample 3 Have you written a stellar literature review you care to share for teaching purposes.
Despite this, it is a time-consuming assessment to complete (up to 45 minutes per person) and in
reality the majority of participants refused to complete it.’ (p59) Most of the reports did not include
such candid reflections on the merits or otherwise of the measures selected for use. Please do not use
this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style
you are using. Pivotal publications: are there any influential theories or studies that changed the
direction of the field. Let’s Recap In this post, we’ve covered how to research and write up a high-
quality literature review chapter. Individual cognitive stimulation therapy for dementia: a clinical
effectiveness and cost-effectiveness pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Literature
reviews provide you with a handy guide to a particular topic. A young researcher's guide to writing a
literature review 4 min read. Is contrary data considered or is certain pertinent information ignored
to prove the author's point. We also provide practical tips on how to communicate the results of a
review of current literature on a topic in the format of a literature review. 7.1 What is a literature
review. Use Quotes Sparingly Some short quotes are appropriate if you want to emphasize a point, or
if what an author stated cannot be easily paraphrased. Sometimes a literature review is written as a
paper in itself. Don't worry if you have to go through a few iterations of the worksheet or matrix as
you work on your lit review. USC Libraries Research Guides Organizing Your Social Sciences
Research Paper 5. In conclusion, narrative or systematic reviews are almost always conducted as a
part of any educational project (thesis or dissertation) or academic or clinical research. A literature
review can be just a simple summary of the sources, but it usually has an organizational pattern and
combines both summary and synthesis. Vote-counting (tallying studies based on statistical
significance) ignores study validity and effect size magnitude. Simply put, it’s essential to build your
own catalogue of the literature. It focuses on a small segment of the literature on a topic and makes
up an entire work on its own. If you have found some recurring central themes, you can organize
your literature review into subsections that address different aspects of the topic. Search Databases
and Other Sources Not all databases use the same search syntax, so when searching multiple
databases, use search syntaxes that would work in individual databases. For fast-paced fields like the
sciences, resources published in the past two to three years are a good benchmark since they are more
current. The conceptual contribution of this research article could be that experiential learning is one
way to teach compassion to nursing students, as supported by case studies and reflective logs. Boost
your grades is to place an order in a few quick clicks and we will satisfy your write my paper request.
For instance, a thematic review of material on sperm whales might examine how they are portrayed
as “evil” in cultural documents. Check to make sure that you have not plagiarized either by failing to
cite a source of information, or by using words quoted directly from a source. (Usually if you take
three or more words directly from another source, you should put those words within quotation
marks, and cite the page.) Text should be written in a clear and concise academic style; it should not
be descriptive in nature or use the language of everyday speech. In that case, the review authors and
the readers of the review need to know what kind of (transcendental or hermeneutic) philosophical
stance guided the inquiry. If applied properly, it can present the development of a certain concept
over time and provide examples in the form of literature. Retain papers based on experiments and
research findings rather than opinions and review articles. Information was extracted (where
reported) on the process of data collection, dementia severity, levels of missing data and the
experiences and reflections of those involved. It is shorter than a stand-alone review because it must
be limited to very specific studies and theories that are directly relevant to the current study.